Journal of Environmental Geography最新文献_第4页

Environmental History of Rice Plantations in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire Between the 15th And 19th Centuries and Its Potential for Climate Research 15 - 19世纪早期现代奥斯曼帝国水稻种植园的环境史及其对气候研究的潜力

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.2478/jengeo-2021-0001

Ö. Sert

{"title":"Environmental History of Rice Plantations in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire Between the 15th And 19th Centuries and Its Potential for Climate Research","authors":"Ö. Sert","doi":"10.2478/jengeo-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Historians readily discuss the effect of climate change on the 21st century, but Ottomanists rarely reference palaeoclimatology data. This research compares palaeoclimatological data with documentary evidence from institutionalized rice plantations in the Ottoman Empire. Between the 15th and 19th centuries, the empire employed a group of experts for the cultivation of rice in the vast region between the Tigris and the Danube. Extensive registers exist from this period in archives that give documentary evidence about the organization of plantations, yields, prices and destructive floods. The objective of the study, as presented in this article, is to find rice-related phenological data in Ottoman Archive registers. It utilizes a comparative analysis of the Old World Drought Atlas (OWDA) summer precipitation data reconstructed by Cook et al. (2015), temperature changes, documentary evidence about seasonal extremes and archival evidence. The comparison shows that palaeoclimatology proxies are important sources of information regarding changes in rice cultivation. It also indicates that the Ottoman archive is a valuable source of possible phenological data. Thus, research sources from nature and societies complement one another. The comparison also demonstrates that climate change during the Ottoman Empire’s reign showed regional differences, and a local comparison of phenological data and palaeoclimatological data can explain more about the effects of the Little Ice Age (LIA) on the empire.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124694948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmental Armed Conflict Assessment Using Satellite Imagery 利用卫星图像进行环境武装冲突评估

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/jengeo-2020-0007

F. A. M. Garzón, I. Valánszki

{"title":"Environmental Armed Conflict Assessment Using Satellite Imagery","authors":"F. A. M. Garzón, I. Valánszki","doi":"10.2478/jengeo-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Armed conflicts not only affect human populations but can also cause considerable damage to the environment. Its consequences are as diverse as its causes, including; water pollution from oil spills, land degradation due to the destruction of infrastructure, poisoning of soils and fields, destruction of crops and forests, over-exploitation of natural resources and paradoxically and occasionally reforestation. In this way, the environment in the war can be approached as beneficiary, stage, victim or/and spoil of war. Although there are few papers that assess the use of remote sensing methods in areas affected by warfare, we found a gap in these studies, being both outdated and lacking the correlation of remote sensing analysis with the causes-consequences, biome features and scale. Thus, this paper presents a methodical approach focused on the assessment of the existing datasets and the analysis of the connection between geographical conditions (biomes), drivers and the assessment using remote sensing methods in areas affected by armed conflicts. We aimed to find; weaknesses, tendencies, patterns, points of convergence and divergence. Then we consider variables such as biome, forest cover affectation, scale, and satellite imagery sensors to determine the relationship between warfare drivers with geographical location assessed by remote sensing methods. We collected data from 44 studies from international peer-reviewed journals from 1998 to 2019 that are indexed using scientific search engines. We found that 62% of the studies were focused on the analysis of torrid biomes as; Tropical Rainforest, Monsoon Forest / Dry Forest, Tree Savanna and Grass Savanna, using the 64% Moderate-resolution satellite imagery sensors as; Landsat 4-5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+. Quantitative analysis of the trends identified within these areas contributes to an understanding of the reasons behind these conflicts.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132507656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

A Solution to Treat Mixed-Type Human Datasets from Socio-Ecological Systems 处理来自社会生态系统的混合类型人类数据集的解决方案

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/jengeo-2020-0012

Lisa B. Clark, E. González, A. Henry, A. Sher

{"title":"A Solution to Treat Mixed-Type Human Datasets from Socio-Ecological Systems","authors":"Lisa B. Clark, E. González, A. Henry, A. Sher","doi":"10.2478/jengeo-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) are frequently represented by large datasets with varied data including continuous, ordinal, and categorical variables. Conventional multivariate analyses cannot handle these mixed data types. In this paper, our goal was to show how a clustering method that has not before been applied to understanding the human dimension of CHANS: a Gower dissimilarity matrix with partitioning around medoids (PAM) can be used to treat mixed-type human datasets. A case study of land managers responsible for invasive plant control projects across rivers of the southwestern U.S. was used to characterize managers’ backgrounds and decisions, and project properties through clustering. Results showed that managers could be classified as “federal multitaskers” or as “educated specialists”. Decisions were characterized by being either “quick and active” or “thorough and careful”. Project goals were either comprehensive with ecological goals or more limited in scope. This study shows that clustering with Gower and PAM can simplify the complex human dimension of this system, demonstrating the utility of this approach for systems frequently composed of mixed-type data such as CHANS. This clustering approach can be used to direct scientific recommendations towards homogeneous groups of managers and project types.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116522778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Applying Automatic Mapping Processing By GMT to Bathymetric and Geophysical Data: Cascadia Subduction Zone, Pacific Ocean 在太平洋Cascadia俯冲带的水深和地球物理数据中应用GMT自动制图处理

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/jengeo-2020-0008

Polina Lemenkova

{"title":"Applying Automatic Mapping Processing By GMT to Bathymetric and Geophysical Data: Cascadia Subduction Zone, Pacific Ocean","authors":"Polina Lemenkova","doi":"10.2478/jengeo-2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Cascadia Trench is stretching along the convergent plate boundaries of Pacific Plate, North America Plate and Juan De Fuca Plate. It is an important geomorphological structural feature in the north-east Pacific Ocean. The aim of the paper is to analyse the geomorphology of the Cascadia Trench west of Vancouver Island (Canada and USA) using the GMT cartographic scripting toolset. The unique geomorphological feature of the Cascadia Trench is that the thick sediment layer completely obscures the subduction zone and abyssal hills. This results in the asymmetric profile in the cross-section of the trench. Bathymetric data were extracted from the GEBCO 2019 dataset (15 arc-second grid), sediment thickness by the GlobSed dataset. Due to the dominance of high sedimentary rate and complexity of the tectonic processes and geologic settings, Cascadia Trench develops very specific asymmetric geomorphic shape comparing to the typical V-form. The results of the geomorphic modelling show that eastern side of the trench has a gentle curvature (slope: 35.12°), partially stepped, due to the tectonic movements and faults. The opposite, oceanward side is almost completely leveled. The trench is narrow with maximal depth at the selected segment -3489 m and for the whole dataset -6201 m. The most repetitive depth is in a range -2500 to -2400 m (267 samples) and -2500 to -2600 m (261 samples). The bottom is mostly flat due to the high sedimentation rates indicating the accumulative leveling processes. Marine free-air gravity anomalies along the Cascadia Subduction Zone are characterized by weakly positive values (20 mGal) increasing rapidly in the zone of the continental slope (>200 mGal), which is associated with a decrease in thickness of the Earth’s crust.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127452107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Characteristics of Winter Urban Heat Island in Budapest at Local and Micro Scale 布达佩斯地区和微观尺度冬季城市热岛特征

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/jengeo-2020-0010

Huawei Li, Guifang Wang, S. Jombach

{"title":"Characteristics of Winter Urban Heat Island in Budapest at Local and Micro Scale","authors":"Huawei Li, Guifang Wang, S. Jombach","doi":"10.2478/jengeo-2020-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2020-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most of the urban heat island (UHI) researches focused on the phenomenon in summer. They mainly studied the causes, different functional areas, and possible mitigation measures to reduce the high temperature in urban areas. However, UHI also exists in winter, but there are a limited number of studies on winter UHI. The characteristics and causes of UHI in winter have not been received much attention or consideration yet. This study aims to characterize the UHI feature in winter in Budapest, Hungary, based on the analysis of land surface temperature (LST) in relation to the factors of elevation, slope exposure, residential type, and snow coverage. Five different Landsat images in the winter season were applied to detect the surface temperature; besides, pictures of the thermal camera at a micro-scale were also used. Results showed that UHI intensity was not strong in winter; built-up areas were warmer than other urban areas. Topography was one of the significant factors affecting the surface temperature in winter. The surface temperature of the hills (300 m asl) was lower than that of the lowlands (below 120 m asl). The south-facing slopes and south oriented buildings were warmer than north-facing slopes and buildings oriented to the north. Areas with snow coverage had a lower temperature than no snow coverage areas. These findings could give general guidance for further UHI research, urban planning as well as landscape design.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116879744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Trend Analysis of Temperature and Humidity in Kwara State, Nigeria 尼日利亚夸拉州温度和湿度趋势分析

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/jengeo-2020-0011

Adeniyi Adedapo

{"title":"Trend Analysis of Temperature and Humidity in Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"Adeniyi Adedapo","doi":"10.2478/jengeo-2020-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2020-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines the trend analysis of temperature and relative humidity in Kwara State. Climatic data on annual mean temperature (minimum and maximum) and relative humidity for 40 years (1978-2017) were collected from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) Ilorin. Semi-Average method, Mann- Kendull statistics and regression method were used to analyse the trend in temperature and relative humidity. The Standardized Anomaly Index (SAI) was also used to examine the changes in temperature and humidity over the period of 1978-2017. The result of the analysis indicates that temperature (minimum and maximum) and relative humidity exhibit an upward trend. This implies that temperature and relative humidity increase over the period of 1978-2017. The Mann-Kendull statistics values show that there is no significant difference in the values of temperature (minimum and maximum) and relative humidity. The result of the Standardized Anomaly Index (SAI) also revealed that the values of temperature and humidity fluctuated around the long –term mean. About 50% of the annual average relative humidity falls above the long term average while 40% of the annual mean maximum temperature falls above the long term average. It can therefore, be deduced that there is the possibility of increment in the values of temperature and relative humidity which could cause a serious challenge to human health and climate change. The study therefore, suggests that increase and fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity should be a critical factor in designing strategies to mitigate the effect of climate change on the environment and human health.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121934900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Assessing the Immediate Effect of Covid-19 Lockdown on Air Quality: A Case Study of Delhi, India 评估Covid-19封锁对空气质量的直接影响:以印度德里为例

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-31822/v1

A. Sikarwar, R. Rani

{"title":"Assessing the Immediate Effect of Covid-19 Lockdown on Air Quality: A Case Study of Delhi, India","authors":"A. Sikarwar, R. Rani","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-31822/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-31822/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In India, a nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19 has been implemented on 25 March 2020. The lockdown restrictions on more than 1.3 billion people have brought exceptional changes in the air quality all over the country. This study aims to analyze the levels of three major pollutants: particulate matter sized 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) before and during the lockdown in Delhi, one of the world’s most polluted cities. The data for PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 concentrations are derived from 38 ground stations dispersed within the city. The spatial interpolation maps of pollutants for two times are generated using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) model. The results indicate decreasing levels of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 concentrations in the city by 93%, 83%, and 70% from 25 February 2020 to 21 April 2020 respectively. It is found that one month before the lockdown the levels of air pollution in Delhi were critical and much higher than the guideline values set by the World Health Organization. The levels of air pollution became historically low after the lockdown. Considering the critically degraded air quality for decades and higher morbidity and mortality rate due to unhealthy air in Delhi, the improvement in air quality due to lockdown may result as a boon for the better health of the city’s population.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126631994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Spatial Development of the 1507–1510 Plague in Poland and Its Consequences. Kalisz District Case Study 1507-1510年波兰鼠疫的空间发展及其后果。Kalisz地区案例研究

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.2478/jengeo-2020-0001

Tomasz Związek

引用次数: 1

Machine Learning Techniques for Land Use/Land Cover Classification of Medium Resolution Optical Satellite Imagery Focusing on Temporary Inundated Areas 以临时淹没区为重点的中分辨率光学卫星图像的土地利用/土地覆盖分类机器学习技术

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.2478/jengeo-2020-0005

Boudewijn van Leeuwen, Zalán Tobak, F. Kovács

引用次数: 8

Investigating the Drivers of Total Suspended Sediment Regime in the Senegal River Basin Using Landsat 8 Satellite Images 利用Landsat 8卫星图像研究塞内加尔河流域总悬沙状态的驱动因素

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.2478/jengeo-2020-0004

C. Faye, M. Grippa, L. Kergoat, Elodie Robert

{"title":"Investigating the Drivers of Total Suspended Sediment Regime in the Senegal River Basin Using Landsat 8 Satellite Images","authors":"C. Faye, M. Grippa, L. Kergoat, Elodie Robert","doi":"10.2478/jengeo-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Because total suspended sediments (TSS) influence the penetration of light into the water column and are likely to carry pollutants and nutrients, their study is essential for understanding the functioning of African river ecosystems. If the estimation of solid transport is important in the context of hydro-agricultural developments, its quantification often poses a problem. In addition, in situ data for these areas are rare and, as a result, the environmental factors responsible for the variability of TSS can hardly be understood. This work aims to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of TSS in the surface waters of the Senegal River using satellite data over the 2014-2018 period. The spatio-temporal dynamics of TSS is reconstructed using a relationship established on several West African sites between in situ data from TSS and satellite reflectances from Landsat 8. These data allow analyzing the relationship between TSS and factors such as rainfall and discharge. We found that the TSS peaks in Bakel coincide with the arrival of the first rains and are followed by peaks in discharge with a lag of 2 months. A time lag between TSS and discharge peaks is also observed on its tributaries like the River Falémé. Concerning the spatial variability, TSS generally increase from the river upstream to the downstream and decrease in the Senegal delta after the Diama dam. The analysis of the TSS upstream and downstream of the Manantali dam, in the upstream area, confirms the relatively low sediment deposits in the dam lake.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123586754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4