Yachao Wang , Aihong Li , Hang Yin , Sheng Su , Yitu Lai , Wanyi Chen , Xin Wang , Jianwei Tan , Lijun Hao , Shijin Shuai , Yunshan Ge
{"title":"Brake wear particles from various temperatures: emission characteristics, generation processes and evolutions","authors":"Yachao Wang , Aihong Li , Hang Yin , Sheng Su , Yitu Lai , Wanyi Chen , Xin Wang , Jianwei Tan , Lijun Hao , Shijin Shuai , Yunshan Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brake particle emissions are receiving global attention and are a major focus in the Euro 7 and China 7 regulations. Based on a 1/5 scale brake dynamometer, this study investigated the brake particle emissions from NAO-cast iron brake assemblies under various temperatures (350 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C). Particles with the size of 1∼10 μm (PL1) were analyzed. In low temperature single brakes, PL1 emissions exhibited a sharp initial increase followed by a gradual decline due to the absence and subsequent formation of secondary plateaus, where the contribution of particles at 8–10 μm decreased as braking progressed. Under high IBT (initial brake temperature) conditions, multiple PL1 spikes occurred within a single brake, driven by the dynamic formation and rupture of secondary plateaus. The rupture was influenced by reduced adhesive strength and thermal degradation-induced gases. The relative standard deviation of average PL1 concentrations stabilized at 7.90 %–16.38 % under thermally stable conditions, yet the average PL1 concentrations varied with thermally stable temperatures, leading to different emissions even under identical braking conditions. Increasing IBT from 25 °C to 100 °C amplified PL1 spikes by 2–10 times due to weakened mechanical strength and reduced actual contact area. Additionally, high-temperature pretreatment further elevated PL1 emissions by 2–5 times, promoting abrasive wear and increasing the contribution of particles at 5–10 μm. These findings provided new insight into the brake particle emission characteristics under continuous high-temperature brakes and the underlying reasons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100554"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dana Fahad M.S. Mohamed , Inae Jeon , Abhrajyoti Tarafdar , Jiyul An , Yerim Koo , Jung-Hwan Kwon
{"title":"Assessment of microplastics under 20 μm in road dust using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC/MS)","authors":"Dana Fahad M.S. Mohamed , Inae Jeon , Abhrajyoti Tarafdar , Jiyul An , Yerim Koo , Jung-Hwan Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detecting microplastics (MPs) under 20 μm has been challenging, yet these tiny particles may pose significant threats to human health and the environment. They can be inhaled or ingested, potentially leading to respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal problems. This research proposed confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for identifying MPs smaller than 20 μm and to support its validity by comparing results to a typical gravimetric analysis for these small MPs in road dust samples using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC/MS). A total of 30 road dust samples were collected from urban areas in Seoul and 15 samples from rural regions throughout South Korea. A strong agreement was observed between the results obtained from CLSM and Pyr-GC/MS, confirming the effectiveness of both methods in measuring MPs under 20 μm especially when polyolefins are dominating MPs. CLSM, coupled with BiofilmQ software, enabled precise volumetric analysis, while Pyr-GC/MS provided rapid identification of chemical compositions, suggesting that they are complementary. Mass concentrations of MPs in rural road dust (14.2 ± 6.4 μg g<sup>−1</sup>) were greater than those in urban road dust (7.8 ± 4.6 μg g<sup>−1</sup>), likely due to less stringent plastic waste management and increased agricultural plastic use in rural areas. This study builds upon prior volumetric imaging methods by enabling mass quantification of MPs under 20 μm using CLSM and validating the results against Pyr-GC/MS in real-world road dust samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100555"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muneera Al-Mansoori, Stuart Harrad, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah
{"title":"MPs in drinking water and beverages: Concentrations, characteristics and implications for human exposure","authors":"Muneera Al-Mansoori, Stuart Harrad, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs), plastic particles between 1 μm and 5 mm, are emerging contaminants of global concern due to their widespread environmental presence and potential health risks. Their detection in drinking water and beverages raises significant public health concerns, as ingestion represents a primary human exposure route. While research has had been extensively studied in marine environments, research on MPs presence in drinking water is still emerging, and even less is known about their occurrence in other beverages such as tea, coffee, soft drinks, and juices. This literature review aims to evaluate the occurrence, characteristics, and human exposure to MPs through drinking tap water, bottled water, and hot/cold beverages. A systematic review of studies published between 2014 and 2024 was conducted using four major science databases with strict inclusion/exclusion criteria to ensure methodological rigour. Key findings reveal notable variability in MPs concentrations across regions and beverage types, influenced by multiple factors including water sources, packaging materials, heat exposure, distribution networks, as well as analytical variability originating from different methodologies and reported size ranges. Reported MPs sizes in beverages ranged between <1 μm up to 5 mm, with a generally observed increase in abundance towards lower size ranges <50 μm. Fibres and fragments dominated the MPs shapes reported in the studied beverages with limited contribution from beads and pellets. Common polymers identified were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and polyvinylchloride (PVC), which were frequently linked to water pipes and packaging materials for beverages; however, the lack of data distinguishing contributions from specific sources such as bottle caps versus bottle bodies. Estimated daily intakes (EDI) suggest children experience disproportionately higher exposure levels relative to their low body weight.</div><div>This review underscores that beverages beyond water are underexplored; yet may contribute substantially to human exposure to MPs. We emphasize the urgent need for standardized MPs sampling and analytical methods to improve comparability, enable accurate exposure assessment, and inform public health guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100552"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chi Yang , Yongqiang Qin , Yingying Zhang , Ardavan Farhadi , Sai Wang , Xiaoping Diao , Jia Xie
{"title":"Distribution and occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and microbial diversity in western Hainan's inshore seawaters: A seasonal study","authors":"Chi Yang , Yongqiang Qin , Yingying Zhang , Ardavan Farhadi , Sai Wang , Xiaoping Diao , Jia Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become one of the threats to human health worldwide. In this study, SmartChip real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and qPCR was employed to quantify the ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) at 24 sampling sites of western Hainan. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA was utilized to analyze the structure of microbial communities. The correlation among ARGs, environmental factors, MGEs, and microbial diversity was analyzed to elucidate the distribution, possible sources, and potential hosts of ARGs during the dry and rainy seasons. The results showed that 122 ARG species with a 93.85 % detection rate and 13 MGE species with a 100 % detection in the inshore waters of western Hainan during the dry and rainy seasons. The absolute abundance of ARGs and MGEs was higher during the dry seasons compared to the rainy seasons. Among these, aminoglycoside resistance genes exhibited the highest absolute abundance during the dry season, followed by MLSB resistance genes, while peptide resistance genes demonstrated the lowest abundance. During the rainy season, the absolute abundance of aminoglycoside resistance genes is the highest, followed by sulfonamides resistance genes, while peptide resistance genes remain the least abundant. ARGs were significantly correlated with MGEs, suggesting that MGEs may mediate the horizontal transfer and spread of ARGs. Environmental factor analyses showed that Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and total phosphorus play a key role in affecting the spatial distribution of ARGs. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes are the core microorganisms during the dry and rainy seasons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100550"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanhua Wang , Nannan Yao , Xinqi Xv , Xiangning Guo , Tianjie Shao , Chanjuan Gao , Baoshan Xing
{"title":"A survey of microplastics in wastewater from large-scale dairy farms and their surroundings in inner Mongolia of China","authors":"Yanhua Wang , Nannan Yao , Xinqi Xv , Xiangning Guo , Tianjie Shao , Chanjuan Gao , Baoshan Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs), tiny polymeric particles resulting from the degradation of plastic waste and environmental erosion, pose significant threats to ecosystems, animal health, and human well-being. This study assessed MPs abundance in wastewater and surrounding environments from nine large dairy farms in Inner Mongolia, China, focusing on oxidation ponds. Using laser direct infrared spectroscopy (LDIR), MPs were detected in 42 samples, identifying 29 polymer types, with polyisoprene (22.69 %), polyvinyl chloride (16.58 %), and polyurethane (10.47 %) being the most common. The results revealed a high abundance of MPs in oxidation ponds, while MPs removal efficiency remained unsatisfactory. To better understand the ecological risks posed by MPs, several pollution assessment indices were employed to evaluate their ecological impact. The assessment results indicated that current ecological risk levels were low, suggesting that the immediate threat of MPs to human health and the environment is relatively minor. Using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, the sources, composition, and distribution characteristics of MPs were thoroughly analyzed. Based on these findings, this study would provide insights for improving and innovating existing wastewater treatment technologies, with the goal of enhancing MPs removal efficiency and contributing to environmental protection efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 4","pages":"Article 100549"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals hepatic lipid metabolism disruption in Japanese quail under polystyrene microplastics exposure","authors":"Xinxin Zhang, Lingyang Jing, Xiaoqing Pei, Qingyu Zhang, Hongfeng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) become a global concern due to their impacts on human and wildlife health. In this study, we attempted to determine the hepatotoxic effects of MPs exposure on birds by using a laboratory model animal-Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix japonica</em>) through integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. Seven-day old female chicks were exposed to low concentrations (0.02 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg) and high concentration (8 mg/kg) polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) of environmental relevance in the feed for 35 days. The results showed that 0.02 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg PS-MPs exposure caused increasing food and water intake with weight gain and liver lipid droplets accumulation while 8 mg/kg PS-MPs exposure induced decreasing food and water intake with weight loss. Moreover, both microstructural damage and ultrastructural injury indicated liver malfunction by PS-MPs exposure. PS-MPs also led to hepatic oxidative stress. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomic analysis showed lipid metabolism disturbance in the liver of PS-MPs exposure. Transcriptomic results also showed molecular signaling pathway disruption in the liver of PS-MPs exposure. Especially, lipid metabolism including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, fatty acid oxidation, primary bile acid synthesis and triglyceride metabolism were disrupted by PS-MPs exposure. The present study concluded MPs exposure might have hormetic effects on bird development and it posed risks to bird health with low dose MPs may induce non-alcoholic fatty liver disease while high dose MPs may cause severe histopathological injury and oxidative damage. This study underscored the importance of evaluating the chronic effects of microplastics on birds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 3","pages":"Article 100548"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transformation pathways, detection, removal, and sustainable alternatives of 6PPD and its quinone derivative (6PPDQ): A comprehensive review","authors":"Kavya Somepalli, Gangadhar Andaluri","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is a widely used antioxidant and antiozonant in vehicle tires, commonly used to enhance rubber durability and performance. However, its environmental transformation, particularly into 6PPD-Quinone (6PPDQ) through oxidative processes like ozonation, has emerged as a serious concern due to the acute toxicity in aquatic systems. 6PPDQ has been linked to significant mortality in sensitive fish species, including coho salmon, at 41 ng/L concentrations. This review synthesizes recent advances in the understanding of 6PPD degradation pathways, including ozonation, photodegradation, hydrolysis, microbial metabolism, and atmospheric reactions. This paper systematically examines the formation and characterization of various TPs and outlines the methods used for their detection across water, air, soil, sediments, and biota. It also evaluates the efficiency of treatment approaches such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), microbial degradation, adsorption, and membrane technologies for the removal of 6PPDQ from contaminated media. Additionally, emerging research on bio-based, synthetic, and engineered antioxidant alternatives to 6PPD is reviewed, with attention to their environmental compatibility and industrial feasibility. The paper concludes with a comprehensive outline of future research priorities focused on improving analytical detection, understanding long-term environmental fate and toxicity, optimizing treatment technologies, and guiding the development of safer alternatives. Collectively, this review provides a foundation for environmental risk assessment, regulatory policy development, and sustainable innovation in rubber manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 3","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Badreddine Barhoumi , Hassan Alshemmari , Abdulla M. Al-Rawabdeh , Lassaad Chouba , Mohamed Ridha Driss , Soufiane Touil , Philippe Bersuder , Imma Tolosa
{"title":"Tackling per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in the North African Environment: Slight progress amidst significant challenges","authors":"Badreddine Barhoumi , Hassan Alshemmari , Abdulla M. Al-Rawabdeh , Lassaad Chouba , Mohamed Ridha Driss , Soufiane Touil , Philippe Bersuder , Imma Tolosa","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have attracted global attention due to their persistence, potential for bioaccumulation, and adverse effects on both human health and the environment. However, the extent and implications of PFAS contamination in North Africa remain insufficiently explored. This review addresses this regional knowledge gap by critically evaluating the occurrence, sources, and potential impacts of PFAS in environmental and human matrices across North Africa. Based on a comprehensive review of credible scientific sources, this analysis consolidates evidence of PFAS contamination across various environmental and human matrices. All examined matrices, including water, biota, air, foodstuffs, food packaging materials, and human samples, were contaminated by at least one PFAS compound. Potential sources of PFAS are discussed in relation to the known applications of specific compounds. Although PFAS levels reported in the North African environment are generally lower than those observed in more urbanized and industrialized countries, the findings clearly demonstrate the presence and widespread distribution of PFAS in the region. Notably, fish livers collected from Sudan exhibited the highest PFAS concentrations, with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) levels reaching up to 331 ng g<sup>−1</sup> wet weight (ww), substantially exceeding the recommended Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) for PFOS in biota set at 9 ng g<sup>−1</sup> ww. Identified sources of PFAS contamination include both industrial activities (e.g., manufacturing discharges, aqueous film-forming foams) and consumer-related sources (e.g., municipal landfills, electronic waste, port operations, and precursor degradation). Although toxicological assessments currently suggest a generally low risk to human and ecological health, this may be due to limited monitoring data rather than an actual absence of PFAS. Overall, this review enhances the regional understanding of PFAS pollution in North Africa, highlights critical data gaps, and outlines priorities for future research and policy development aimed at monitoring, regulating, and mitigating PFAS exposure in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 3","pages":"Article 100546"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sona Alungal Sadique , Muxina Konarova , Xufeng Niu , Istvan Szilagyi , Nilesh Nirmal , Li Li
{"title":"Impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on human Health: Emerging evidence and future directions","authors":"Sona Alungal Sadique , Muxina Konarova , Xufeng Niu , Istvan Szilagyi , Nilesh Nirmal , Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastics are extensively used across industries, leading to microplastic (MPL) and nanoplastic (NPL) contamination in ecosystems. Exposure to these particles occurs primarily through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, raising significant human health concerns. This review critically evaluates recent advancements in understanding the human health impacts of MPLs/NPLs, focusing on their routes of exposure including ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, and the mechanisms of cellular uptake and toxicity. While MPL/NPL pollution is a well-recognised environmental hazard, the conclusive evidence linking their exposure to specific health outcomes in humans remains limited. We discuss methodological gaps in assessing their toxicological impacts, particularly in vitro models, and the need for more sophisticated in vivo studies to simulate real-life exposures. Future research directions, including the exploration of the corona formation on MPL/NPL particles and its influence on cellular interactions, are outlined to bridge existing knowledge gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 3","pages":"Article 100545"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paolo Pastorino , Alessandra Maganza , Camilla Mossotto , Serena Anselmi , Francesca Provenza , Alice Gabetti , Giuseppe Esposito , Caterina Faggio , Antonia Concetta Elia , Monia Renzi , Marino Prearo
{"title":"Gadolinium exposure in Procambarus clarkii: tissue-specific bioaccumulation and oxidative stress responses","authors":"Paolo Pastorino , Alessandra Maganza , Camilla Mossotto , Serena Anselmi , Francesca Provenza , Alice Gabetti , Giuseppe Esposito , Caterina Faggio , Antonia Concetta Elia , Monia Renzi , Marino Prearo","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gadolinium (Gd), a rare earth element widely used in medical imaging and industry, is increasingly detected in aquatic environments. This study examines tissue-specific bioaccumulation and antioxidant responses in <em>Procambarus clarkii</em> following exposure to environmentally relevant Gd concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/L) over 14 days. Bioaccumulation was evident in the gills and hepatopancreas at higher exposure levels (10 and 100 μg/L), whereas muscle concentrations remained below the limit of quantification. Oxidative stress responses varied by tissue, with no clear trend revealed by the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDs), suggesting limited antioxidant activation likely due to low Gd accumulation and short exposure duration. However, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly increased in the gills and hepatopancreas at higher Gd concentrations. In contrast, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity showed inconsistent trends, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was elevated in hepatppancreas and muscle only at 0.1 μg/L. Lipid peroxidation was most pronounced in the gills. The Integrative Biomarker Response-Threshold (IBR-T) index revealed low-dose effects consistent with hormetic responses, highlighting biologically relevant alterations observed at the lowest Gd concentrations. These findings suggest that <em>P. clarkii</em> exhibits tissue-specific Gd bioaccumulation and oxidative stress responses, albeit with variable biomarker activation. Further research is needed to assess the long-term effects of Gd exposure in freshwater crustaceans, particularly given rising anthropogenic Gd inputs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 3","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}