G. Kaiser, I. Ben-Shaul, S. S. Popovich, S. Dossick
{"title":"A metalinguistic approach to process enactment extensibility","authors":"G. Kaiser, I. Ben-Shaul, S. S. Popovich, S. Dossick","doi":"10.1109/ICSP.1996.565027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSP.1996.565027","url":null,"abstract":"We present a model for developing rule based process servers with extensible syntax and semantics. New process enactment directives can be added to the syntax of the process modeling language, in which the process designer may specify specialized behavior for particular tasks or task segments. The process engine is peppered with callbacks to instance specific code in order to implement any new directives and to modify the default enactment behavior and the kind of assistance that the process centered environment provides to process participants. We realized our model in the Amber process server, and describe how we exploited Amber's extensibility to replace Oz's native process engine with Amber and to integrate the result with a mockup of TeamWare.","PeriodicalId":115379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Software Process 1996","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115318404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quality assurance and software process improvement in Norway","authors":"E. Larsen, K. Kautz","doi":"10.1109/ICSP.1996.565031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSP.1996.565031","url":null,"abstract":"Activities to improve the quality of software products and development practices have been in the focus of both academics and practitioners for quite a while. Little is however known about the actual utilisation of the different techniques and methods. To remedy this lack of knowledge, a study investigating the diffusion and adoption of such routines within Norwegian software development organisations has been performed. This paper presents a \"snapshot\", profiling the current users of these methods in Norway. The situation is interpreted with perspectives from diffusion theory and organisation theory. Paths for improving the diffusion and adoption process is suggested on the basis of the interpretation.","PeriodicalId":115379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Software Process 1996","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116942405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fine grained process modelling: an experiment at British Airways","authors":"W. Emmerich, S. Bandinelli, L. Lavazza, J. Arlow","doi":"10.1109/ICSP.1996.565016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSP.1996.565016","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the experimental application of process technology at British Airways (BA). We used SLANG to model BA's C++ class library management process, and we constructed an experimental process centred software engineering environment (PSEE) based on SPADE. BA required processes to be automated at a finer degree of granularity than tool invocation. We have demonstrated that SLANG and SPADE offer the basic mechanisms for modelling these fine grained processes. We have also shown that it is feasible to generate tools for dedicated processes and integrate them with a SLANG model so as to facilitate fine grained process automation. However, our experience highlighted some open problems. For instance, SLANG process models are tuned to efficient enactment, thus containing very detailed process fragments. These are not the most appropriate representation for humans trying to understand the process model. A more comprehensible notation is needed for design and documentation purposes. Although the airline did not deploy the PSEE in its production environment, the experiment proved beneficial for BA. The modelling uncovered serious flaws in the existing process, and the BA engineers improved their knowledge of process technology.","PeriodicalId":115379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Software Process 1996","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134209156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tineke de Bunje, Gregor Engels, L. Groenewegen, Aart A. J. Matsinger, Mark Rijnbeek
{"title":"Industrial maintenance modelled in SOCCA: an experience report","authors":"Tineke de Bunje, Gregor Engels, L. Groenewegen, Aart A. J. Matsinger, Mark Rijnbeek","doi":"10.1109/ICSP.1996.565021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSP.1996.565021","url":null,"abstract":"A large industrial process, software maintenance, has been modelled by using the process modelling language SOCCA. The paper reports about the experiences with this trial. In particular, feasibility, expressiveness, quality and the overall benefits of a formal SOCCA model are discussed and compared to the formerly existing informal process description. In order to illustrate the results, a well chosen process model fragment from the larger model is outlined in detail. It addresses in particular the human-intensive cooperation within the process and shows the seamless combination of technical components and human agent components in the SOCCA model. The main conclusions from this trial are that formal SOCCA models are suited to model realistic industrial processes and that due to an intrinsic modular structure of a SOCCA model, even huge models remain reasonably readable and understandable.","PeriodicalId":115379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Software Process 1996","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125226869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A unified framework for software process enactment and improvement","authors":"D. Avrilionis, N. Belkhatir, P. Cunin","doi":"10.1109/ICSP.1996.565028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSP.1996.565028","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the work previously carried out on software processes addressed the problem of modelling as a monolithic description focusing on one perspective e.g. product, process, role, etc. Little has been done to address the problem of software process improvement through the dynamic composition of consistent and reusable pre composed components. Our aim is to propose a new framework which integrates these aspects in a unified manner. This work is the result of five years' experience on the systems: Tempo/Adele and Opsis. In our framework we rely on a component based approach to build views which can be refined and expanded during enactment. Views are distributed entities which communicate using a dynamic connection protocol.","PeriodicalId":115379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Software Process 1996","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115027045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A method for designing, defining, and evolving software processes","authors":"M. Kellner, L. Briand, J. Over","doi":"10.1109/ICSP.1996.565023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSP.1996.565023","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a recommended \"how to\" method for designing, defining and evolving software processes. This method addresses a vital practitioner question which arises during software process improvement efforts: \"how should we develop and evolve process models and definitions?\" Accomplishing the design, definition, and evolution of software processes is key to instituting continuous process improvement, satisfying various of the CMM/sup sm/ KPAs, and achieving related organizational goals. The method is intended to be applied by groups such as process action teams and software engineering process groups. The method features two models which depict and describe its primary steps. These two models are consistent with the fundamentals of most previous cyclical improvement and definition models, but offer a unique combination of advantageous characteristics not found in previous works.","PeriodicalId":115379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Software Process 1996","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126293954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating the congruence of a software process model in a given environment","authors":"G. Pérez, K. El Emam, N. Madhavji","doi":"10.1109/ICSP.1996.565024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSP.1996.565024","url":null,"abstract":"The adaptation (or tailoring or improvement) of software process models is recognised to be important for software development, and there is an urgent need for tools to assist in this task. However, a key issue underlying such tools is the determination of how fit (or congruent) a process model is in its environment. Knowing this would then help drive the adaptation or improvement activity. The paper describes a system for evaluating such congruence. The underlying approach is based on an empirically derived contingency model consisting of attributes of a software process model and its environment, and their interrelationships. The system accepts, as inputs, the characteristics of a software process model and its environment. It produces, as output, an evaluation of how congruent the process model is in the given environment. The system enables changes to variables and relationships so as to improve the process model congruence.","PeriodicalId":115379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Software Process 1996","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131325330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applying refinement calculi to software process modelling","authors":"C. Montangero, L. Semini","doi":"10.1109/ICSP.1996.565025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSP.1996.565025","url":null,"abstract":"A refinement calculus provides a number of advantages to program development, besides correctness, like clarification of the goals of the program and effective documentation of the design choices. We provide evidence that the same advantages are gained also for those programs known as enactable process models. The evidence is put forward by means of an example, a small concurrent engineering problem inspired by the ISPW-7 problem (D. Heimberger and M. Kellner, 1991). We assume that the enactment is done by rules in tuple spaces, and use a refinement calculus based on a temporal logic that builds on K.M. Chandy and J. Misra's (1988) Unity. Finally, we show how the approach may lead to seamless integration with existing process engines.","PeriodicalId":115379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Software Process 1996","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124755325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementing concepts from the Personal Software Process in an industrial setting","authors":"K. E. Emam, Barry Shostak, Nazim, H., Madhavji","doi":"10.1109/ICSP.1996.565030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSP.1996.565030","url":null,"abstract":"The Personal Software Process (PSP) has been taught at a number of universities with impressive results. If is also of interest to industry as a means for training their software engineers. While there are published reports on the teaching of PSP in classroom settings (at universities and industry), little systematic study has been conducted on the implementation of PSP in industry. Also, largely anecdotal evidence exists as to its effectiveness with real programming tasks. Effectiveness is measured in terms of the number of trained engineers who actually use PSP in their daily work, and improvements in productivity and defect removal. We report on a study of the implementation of some PSP concepts in a commercial organization. The empirical enquiry method that we employed was action research. Our results identify the problems that were encountered during the four major activities of an implementation of PSP: planning, training, evaluation, and leveraging. We describe how these problems were addressed, and the general lessons learned from the implementation. An overall transfer of PSP training rate of 46.5% was achieved. For the engineers in our study, those who applied all of the taught PSP concepts on-the-job improved their defect detection capabilities.","PeriodicalId":115379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Software Process 1996","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131989135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endeavors: a process system integration infrastructure","authors":"G. A. Bolcer, R. Taylor","doi":"10.1109/ICSP.1996.565026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSP.1996.565026","url":null,"abstract":"As software projects evolve, possibly differing in size, complexity, scope and purpose, the development processes that support the project must evolve to reflect these changes. For a distributed project, maintaining proper communications, coordinating between project stakeholders, and maintaining managerial control become increasingly important and, unfortunately, increasingly difficult. The Endeavors system is an open, distributed process modeling and execution infrastructure that addresses communication, coordination, and control issues. Complex processes may require: (a) distribution of people and processes; event based and intermediate format integration of external tools; a low entry barrier through ease of use and incremental adoption; ability to customize and reuse objects, tools, and policies; and dynamic change of runtime processes, objects, and behaviors. Endeavors' solution architecture achieves these goals through application of five key design strategies: (1) maintaining multiple object model layers; (2) implementing the architecture as a set of highly componentized, lightweight, transportable, concurrent elements; (3) providing customization capabilities for each layer of the object model; (4) using a reflexive object model to support dynamic change; and (5) allowing dynamic loading and changing of objects including loading of executable handlers, new object types, and extensions. We discuss these goals and design strategies, describe the architecture, and describe the current status of the project and its relevance to its own development.","PeriodicalId":115379,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Software Process 1996","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122907005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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