Energy Procedia最新文献_第8页

Energy Savings Potential in Using Cold-shelves Innovation for Multi-deck Open Front Refrigerated Cabinets 多层开放式前冷柜使用冷架的节能潜力

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.094

Konstantinos M. Tsamos , Hassan Mroue , Jining Sun , Savvas A Tassou , Nobby Nicholls , Graham Smith

引用次数: 8

Aiding the Design of Innovative and Sustainable Food Packaging: Integrating Techno-Environmental and Circular Economy Criteria 帮助设计创新和可持续的食品包装:整合技术环境和循环经济标准

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.081

Ximena C. Schmidt Rivera , Craig Leadley , Lynneric Potter , Adisa Azapagic

{"title":"Aiding the Design of Innovative and Sustainable Food Packaging: Integrating Techno-Environmental and Circular Economy Criteria","authors":"Ximena C. Schmidt Rivera , Craig Leadley , Lynneric Potter , Adisa Azapagic","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reducing food waste and increasing resource efficiency have become worldwide targets as highlighted by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12 – Responsible consumption and production. Food packaging, in particular plastics-based, is a key component of food-related waste: packaging increases the amount of total waste, but also reduces potential food waste by protecting food products and prolonging their shelf life. Therefore, it is important that packaging is designed as to satisfy both technical and environmental criteria. Hence, this paper seeks to develop a decision-support framework and key metrics to aid development and selection of new innovative food packaging within a circular economy context. A set of indicators is proposed, integrating techno-environmental and circular economy criteria to help designers as well as food and packaging manufacturers develop more sustainable products. The methodology is illustrated through a prototype new plastic packaging developed as part of this project, considering its use for two types of product – raspberries and meat – as illustrative examples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 190-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87756024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Energy demand and carbon footprint of treating household food waste compared to its prevention 处理家庭食物垃圾的能源需求和碳足迹与预防的比较

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.053

Peter C. Slorach, Harish K. Jeswani, Rosa Cuéllar-Franca, Adisa Azapagic

{"title":"Energy demand and carbon footprint of treating household food waste compared to its prevention","authors":"Peter C. Slorach, Harish K. Jeswani, Rosa Cuéllar-Franca, Adisa Azapagic","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The majority of household food waste in the EU is sent to landfill or incinerated; a slowly-increasing fraction is collected separately and utilised for anaerobic digestion (AD) or in-vessel composting (IVC). This study evaluates life cycle environmental impacts of these four options to identify the most sustainable alternatives. The results are compared to waste prevention, inclusive of upstream supply-chain impacts. The results suggest that AD has the lowest, net-negative carbon footprint of –40 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. per tonne of waste treated and the highest life cycle energy recovery efficiency of 12% with respect to the total primary energy recovered. If all of the heat can be utilised, then both AD and incineration can achieve maximum energy recovery efficiencies of around 25%. Waste landfilling has the highest carbon footprint at 193 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq./t and a recovery efficiency of 3% through the combustion of landfill gas. IVC, credited for the production of fertiliser, has a carbon footprint of 80 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq./t and it has the lowest recovery efficiency at 1%. Under the best conditions, the greatest CO<sub>2</sub> eq. savings are achieved by the incineration of food waste, with a net-negative carbon footprint of –221 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq./t. However, this is eclipsed by the 2,800–3,100 t CO<sub>2</sub> eq. that can be avoided by preventing the avoidable and potentially avoidable food waste. Thus, while unavoidable food waste may be best treated via AD or incineration, the savings are negligible compared to the benefits of waste prevention. Therefore, food waste may be used within a circular economy to reclaim a limited amount of resources, but it should not be considered an alternative to prevention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86529507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Numerical investigation into the influence of air curtain discharge angles in refrigerated trucks 冷藏车空气幕排放角影响的数值研究

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.083

Ashika Rai, Jining Sun, Savvas A Tassou

{"title":"Numerical investigation into the influence of air curtain discharge angles in refrigerated trucks","authors":"Ashika Rai, Jining Sun, Savvas A Tassou","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the years, the use of air curtains has been considered as one of the most effective ways of preventing warm-air infiltration in cold storages and now in refrigerated trucks as well. It is estimated that energy savings of almost 40% can be achieved using an air curtain. Previous studies have suggested that the energy efficiency of air curtains could be further improved through several mechanical adjustments, including the adjustment of discharge angle. This study focuses on the influence of different discharge angles on air curtain mechanisms and energy performance for an air curtain with warm-air suction (ambient air intake). The results suggest that adjusting the angle in the positive direction (outwards) can help prevent the bending in the discharge jet- created as a result of dominating natural convection showing a discharge angle of 10° to be more effective in controlling the bend than 0°. However, the effectiveness of the discharge angle is highly dependent on the discharge velocity. When the discharge velocity is low (2 m/s), the released jet is too weak and hence the effect of the discharge angle is also small, resulting in similar recovery energy for both the 0° and 10° cases. However, when the discharge velocity is medium to high (above 4 m/s in this case), the bending effect is also significant and hence adjusting the discharge angle can prove to be more advantageous, providing an energy saving of up to 17.6%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 207-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86995708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Design of a high-temperature heat to power conversion facility for testing supercritical CO2 equipment and packaged power units 设计用于测试超临界CO2设备和成套动力装置的高温热电转换装置

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.109

Giuseppe Bianchi , Samira S. Saravi , Romain Loeb , Konstantinos M. Tsamos , Matteo Marchionni , Arthur Leroux , Savvas A. Tassou

{"title":"Design of a high-temperature heat to power conversion facility for testing supercritical CO2 equipment and packaged power units","authors":"Giuseppe Bianchi , Samira S. Saravi , Romain Loeb , Konstantinos M. Tsamos , Matteo Marchionni , Arthur Leroux , Savvas A. Tassou","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper addresses the need of bridging between fundamental energy research and industrial exploitation of technologies by presenting a state of the art experimental facility to investigate pilot heat exchangers and plants dealing with high temperature waste heat recovery and conversion. The facility comprises a 830 kW process air heater with an exhaust mass flow rate of 1.0 kg/s at 70 mbar<sub>g</sub> and maximum temperature of 780 °C. The heater has a 2.0 m long test section for the installation and characterization of waste heat recovery heat exchangers. The heat sink is a 500 kW water dry cooler with full control of flow rate and temperature of the cooling stream. The high-temperature heat to power conversion facility hosts a 50 kWe power conversion unit based on the simple recuperated Joule-Brayton cycle with supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (sCO<sub>2</sub>) as working fluid. The packaged, plug and play sCO<sub>2</sub> system utilizes a single-shaft Compressor-Generator-Turbine unit. The paper discusses the main design features of the test facility as well as operation and safety considerations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 421-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91485561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Experimental and CFD investigation of overall heat transfer coefficient of finned tube CO2 gas coolers 翅片管CO2气体冷却器总传热系数的实验与CFD研究

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.096

IDewa M.C. Santosa , Konstantinos M. Tsamos , Baboo L. Gowreesunker , Savvas A. Tassou

引用次数: 6

The development of a carbon roadmap investment strategy for carbon intensive food retail industries 碳密集型食品零售行业碳路线图投资策略的制定

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.107

A.N. Ayoub, A. Gaigneux, N. Le Brun, S. Acha, R. Lambert, N. Shah

{"title":"The development of a carbon roadmap investment strategy for carbon intensive food retail industries","authors":"A.N. Ayoub, A. Gaigneux, N. Le Brun, S. Acha, R. Lambert, N. Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents an approach to develop an innovative decarbonisation investment strategy framework for carbon intensive UK industries by using statistical analysis and optimisation modelling. The case study focuses on taking a representative sample of retail buildings and assesses the financial viability of installing low-carbon Combined Heat and Power units (CHPs) and Photovoltaic Solar Panels (PVs) across a portfolio of buildings. Simulation of each building are initially conducted, and the results generate a set of regression coefficients, via a multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), which are inputted into a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem. Solving the MILP yields the optimal decarbonisation investment strategy for the case study up to 2050, considering market trends such as electricity prices, gas prices and policy incentives. Results indicate the level of investment required per year, the operational and carbon savings associated, and a program for such investments. This method is reiterated for several scenarios where different parameters such as utility prices, capital costs and grid carbon factors are forecasted up to 2050 (following the Future Energy Scenarios from National Grid). This work shows how a clear mathematical framework can assist decision-makers in commercial organisations to reduce their carbon footprint cost-effectively and thus reach science-based targets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 333-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78731733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Waste Heat Recovery in the EU industry and proposed new technologies 欧盟工业废热回收及提出的新技术

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.064

Rafaela Agathokleous , Giuseppe Bianchi , Gregoris Panayiotou , Lazaros Aresti , Maria C. Argyrou , Giorgos S. Georgiou , Savvas A. Tassou , Hussam Jouhara , Soteris A. Kalogirou , Georgios A. Florides , Paul Christodoulides

{"title":"Waste Heat Recovery in the EU industry and proposed new technologies","authors":"Rafaela Agathokleous , Giuseppe Bianchi , Gregoris Panayiotou , Lazaros Aresti , Maria C. Argyrou , Giorgos S. Georgiou , Savvas A. Tassou , Hussam Jouhara , Soteris A. Kalogirou , Georgios A. Florides , Paul Christodoulides","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the European Union (EU), industrial sectors use 26% of the primary energy consumption and are characterized by large amounts of energy losses in the form of waste heat at different temperature levels. Their recovery is a challenge but also an opportunity for science and business. In this study, after a brief description of the conventional Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) approaches, the novel technologies under development within the I-ThERM Horizon 2020 project are presented and assessed from an energy and market perspectives. These technologies are: heat to power conversion systems based on bottoming thermodynamic cycles (Trilateral Flash Cycle for low grade waste heat and Joule-Brayton cycle working with supercritical carbon dioxide for high temperature waste heat sources); heat recovery devices based on heat pipes (flat heat pipe for high grade radiative heat sources and condensing economizer for acidic effluents).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 489-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84443852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 57

Fly Ash From Poultry Litter Gasification – Can it be Utilised in Agriculture Systems as a Fertiliser? 禽畜垃圾气化产生的飞灰能否在农业系统中用作肥料?

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.056

Daya Shankar Pandey , Marzena Kwapinska , James J. Leahy , Witold Kwapinski

{"title":"Fly Ash From Poultry Litter Gasification – Can it be Utilised in Agriculture Systems as a Fertiliser?","authors":"Daya Shankar Pandey , Marzena Kwapinska , James J. Leahy , Witold Kwapinski","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fly ash from a poultry litter gasification process and the potential of application of the fly ash as a fertiliser in line with the poultry litter protocol is investigated. The fines collected in the cyclone are mainly formed by ash which comprises between 70-83 wt.% of the fines on a dry basis, and to a lesser extent of carbon (elutriated char). The effect of the gasification operating conditions on the concentration of ash forming elements (inorganic compounds) in the fly ash, are discussed. In addition, the enrichment factor which defines the volatility, has been used and fly ash elements were categorised as Class I (non-volatile), Class II (semi-volatile with the possible occurrence of condensation) and Class III (highly volatile elements). Inorganic elements in fly ashes from poultry litter gasification experiments are categorised as Class I: Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Class II: Cd, Cr, Mo and Class III: Pb and Se. It has been found that the fly ash from the poultry litter gasification exceeds the upper acceptable limit set by Poultry Litter Protocol to be used as a fertiliser in agriculture systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88034575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

CFD Modelling of Finned-tube CO2 Gas Cooler for Refrigeration Systems 制冷系统中翅片管CO2气体冷却器的CFD建模

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.092

Xinyu Zhang , Yunting Ge , Jining Sun , Liang Li , Savvas A. Tassou

{"title":"CFD Modelling of Finned-tube CO2 Gas Cooler for Refrigeration Systems","authors":"Xinyu Zhang , Yunting Ge , Jining Sun , Liang Li , Savvas A. Tassou","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a main component in a refrigeration system, finned-tube CO2 gas cooler plays an important role to the system performance and thus needs to be thoroughly investigated. To achieve this, some effective parameters including the CO2 and air fluid velocity fields, temperature profiles and heat transfer characteristics at different operating conditions are predicted and analysed by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling and simulation. It is noted that CFD modelling can accurately obtain the local heat transfer coefficients of both air and refrigerant sides, which are difficult to be predicted by conventional empirical correlations. This paper investigates the effect of varied operational parameters on local heat transfer coefficients and temperature profiles of the working fluids in a finned-tube CO2 gas cooler by means of CFD modelling. As one of the simulation results, it is found that the approach temperature decreases with increased air inlet velocity. The model has been compared and validated with experimental measurements and literature correlations. The research methods and outcomes can be used for further investigation and optimization in this area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 275-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80572787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6