Ecological Monographs最新文献

{"title":"Applying the structural causal model (\u0000 SCM\u0000 ) framework for observational causal inference in ecology","authors":"Suchinta Arif, M. MacNeil","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1554","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11505,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Monographs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49449955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal shifts in avian phenology across the circannual cycle in a rapidly changing climate: A global meta-analysis","authors":"Andrea Romano,&nbsp;László Zsolt Garamszegi,&nbsp;Diego Rubolini,&nbsp;Roberto Ambrosini","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1552","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecm.1552","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The alteration of the timing of biological events is one of the best documented effects of climate change, with overwhelming evidence across taxa. Many studies have investigated the phenology of consumers, especially birds. However, most of these studies have focused on specific phenophases, whereas a global analysis of avian phenological trends during recent climate change across different phases of the circannual cycle is still lacking. Here, we performed a comprehensive meta-analytic synthesis of the phenological responses (temporal shifts in days year⁻¹) of birds across different phenophases (prebreeding migration, breeding, and postbreeding migration) by summarizing more than 5500 time series from 684 species from five continents during 1811–2018. Our results confirm that avian taxa have advanced prebreeding migration and breeding by ~2–3 days per decade, whereas no significant temporal changes in the timing of postbreeding migration were documented. Advancement in the timing of prebreeding migration and breeding strongly depended on migratory behavior, with the advance being the weakest for long-distance migrants and the strongest for resident species. Diet generalists and primary consumers tended to advance prebreeding migration timing more than species with different dietary specializations. Increasing body size resulted in a larger advancement in the onset (but not in the mean date) of prebreeding migration and breeding, whereas phenological advances were larger in the northern than in the southern hemisphere. Our synthesis, covering most of the world, highlighted previously unappreciated patterns in avian phenological shifts over time, suggesting that specific life-history or ecological traits may drive different responses to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":11505,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Monographs","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecm.1552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45207057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable pollination service in a generalist high Arctic community despite the warming climate","authors":"Alyssa R. Cirtwill,&nbsp;Riikka Kaartinen,&nbsp;Claus Rasmussen,&nbsp;Deanne Redr,&nbsp;Helena Wirta,&nbsp;Jens M. Olesen,&nbsp;Mikko Tiusanen,&nbsp;Gavin Ballantyne,&nbsp;Helen Cunnold,&nbsp;Graham N. Stone,&nbsp;Niels Martin Schmidt,&nbsp;Tomas Roslin","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1551","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecm.1551","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insects provide key pollination services in most terrestrial biomes, but this service depends on a multistep interaction between insect and plant. An insect needs to visit a flower, receive pollen from the anthers, move to another conspecific flower, and finally deposit the pollen on a receptive stigma. Each of these steps may be affected by climate change, and focusing on only one of them (e.g., flower visitation) may miss important signals of change in service provision. In this study, we combine data on visitation, pollen transport, and single-visit pollen deposition to estimate functional outcomes in the high Arctic plant-pollinator network of Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland, a model system for global warming–associated impacts in pollination services. Over two decades of rapid climate warming, we sampled the network repeatedly: in 1996, 1997, 2010, 2011, and 2016. Although the flowering plant and insect communities and their interactions varied substantially between years, as expected based on highly variable Arctic weather, there was no detectable directional change in either the structure of flower-visitor networks or estimated pollen deposition. For flower-visitor networks compiled over a single week, species phenologies caused major within-year variation in network structure despite consistency across years. Weekly networks for the middle of the flowering season emerged as especially important because most pollination service can be expected to be provided by these large, highly nested networks. Our findings suggest that pollination ecosystem service in the high Arctic is remarkably resilient. This resilience may reflect the plasticity of Arctic biota as an adaptation to extreme and unpredictable weather. However, most pollination service was contributed by relatively few fly taxa (Diptera: <i>Spilogona sanctipauli</i> and <i>Drymeia segnis</i> [Muscidae] and species of <i>Rhamphomyia</i> [Empididae]). If these key pollinators are negatively affected by climate change, network structure and the pollination service that depends on it would be seriously compromised.</p>","PeriodicalId":11505,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Monographs","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecm.1551","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9272825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change expected to improve digestive rate and trigger range expansion in outbreaking locusts","authors":"Jacob P. Youngblood,&nbsp;Arianne J. Cease,&nbsp;Stav Talal,&nbsp;Fernando Copa,&nbsp;Hector E. Medina,&nbsp;Julio E. Rojas,&nbsp;Eduardo V. Trumper,&nbsp;Michael J. Angilletta Jr.,&nbsp;Jon F. Harrison","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1550","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecm.1550","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global climate change will probably exacerbate crop losses from insect pests, reducing agricultural production, and threatening food security. To predict where crop losses will occur, scientists have mainly used correlative models of species' distributions, but such models are unreliable when extrapolated to future environments. To minimize extrapolation, we developed mechanistic and hybrid models that explicitly capture range-limiting processes, and we explored how incorporating mechanisms altered the projected impacts of climate change for an agricultural pest, the South American locust (<i>Schistocerca cancellata</i>). Because locusts are generalist herbivores surrounded by food, their population growth may be limited by thermal effects on digestion more than food availability. To incorporate this mechanism into a distribution model, we measured the thermal effects on the consumption and defecation of field-captured locusts and used these data to model energy gain in current and future climates. We then created hybrid models by using outputs of the mechanistic model as predictor variables in correlative models, estimating the potential distribution of gregarious outbreaking locusts based on multiple predictor sets, modeling algorithms, and climate scenarios. Based on the mechanistic model, locusts can assimilate relatively high amounts of energy throughout temperate and tropical South America; however, correlative and hybrid modeling revealed that most tropical areas are unsuitable for locusts. When estimating current distributions, the top-ranked model was always the one fit with mechanistic predictors (i.e., the hybrid model). When projected to future climates, top-ranked hybrid models projected range expansions that were 23%–30% points smaller than those projected by correlative models. Therefore, a combination of the correlative and mechanistic approaches bracketed the potential outcomes of climate change and enhanced confidence where model projections agreed. Because all models projected a poleward range expansion under climate change, agriculturists should consider enhanced monitoring and the management of locusts near the southern margin of the range.</p>","PeriodicalId":11505,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Monographs","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43688047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Nearctic hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) engage in long-distance migration? An assessment of evidence and mechanisms","authors":"C. Scott Clem,&nbsp;Keith A. Hobson,&nbsp;Alexandra N. Harmon-Threatt","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1542","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecm.1542","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Long-distance insect migration is poorly understood despite its tremendous ecological and economic importance. As a group, Nearctic hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae: Syrphinae), which are crucial pollinators as adults and biological control agents as larvae, are almost entirely unrecognized as migratory despite examples of highly migratory behavior among several Palearctic species. Here, we examined evidence and mechanisms of migration for four hover fly species (<i>Allograpta obliqua</i>, <i>Eupeodes americanus</i>, <i>Syrphus rectus</i>, and <i>Syrphus ribesii</i>) common throughout eastern North America using stable hydrogen isotope (δ²H) measurements of chitinous tissue, morphological assessments, abundance estimations, and cold-tolerance assays. Although further studies are needed, nonlocal isotopic values obtained from hover fly specimens collected in central Illinois support the existence of long-distance fall migratory behavior in <i>Eu. americanus</i>, and to a lesser extent <i>S. ribesii</i> and <i>S. rectus</i>. Elevated abundance of <i>Eu. americanus</i> during the expected autumn migratory period further supports the existence of such behavior. Moreover, high phenotypic plasticity of morphology associated with dispersal coupled with significant differences between local and nonlocal specimens suggest that <i>Eu. americanus</i> exhibits a unique suite of morphological traits that decrease costs associated with long-distance flight. Finally, compared with the ostensibly nonmigratory <i>A. obliqua</i>, <i>Eu. americanus</i> was less cold tolerant, a factor that may be associated with migratory behavior. Collectively, our findings imply that fall migration occurs in Nearctic hover flies, but we consider the methodological limitations of our study in addition to potential ecological and economic consequences of these novel findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11505,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Monographs","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecm.1542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47941624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allometry of behavior and niche differentiation among congeneric African antelopes","authors":"Joshua H. Daskin,&nbsp;Justine A. Becker,&nbsp;Tyler R. Kartzinel,&nbsp;Arjun B. Potter,&nbsp;Reena H. Walker,&nbsp;Fredrik A. A. Eriksson,&nbsp;Courtney Buoncore,&nbsp;Alexander Getraer,&nbsp;Ryan A. Long,&nbsp;Robert M. Pringle","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1549","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecm.1549","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Size-structured differences in resource use stabilize species coexistence in animal communities, but what behavioral mechanisms underpin these niche differences? Behavior is constrained by morphological and physiological traits that scale allometrically with body size, yet the degree to which behaviors exhibit allometric scaling remains unclear; empirical datasets often encompass broad variation in environmental context and phylogenetic history, which complicates the detection and interpretation of scaling relationships between size and behavior. We studied the movement and foraging behaviors of three sympatric, congeneric spiral-horned antelope species (<i>Tragelaphus</i> spp.) that differ in body mass—bushbuck (26–40 kg), nyala (57–83 kg), and kudu (80–142 kg)—in an African savanna ecosystem where (i) food was patchily distributed due to ecosystem engineering by fungus-farming termites and (ii) predation risk was low due to the extirpation of several large carnivores. Because foraging behavior is directly linked to traits that scale allometrically with size (e.g., metabolic rate, locomotion), we hypothesized that habitat use and diet selection would likewise exhibit nonlinear scaling relationships. All three antelope species selected habitat near termitaria, which are hotspots of abundant, high-quality forage. Experimental removal of forage from termite mounds sharply reduced use of those mounds by bushbuck, confirming that habitat selection was resource driven. Strength of selection for termite mounds scaled negatively and nonlinearly with body mass, as did recursion (frequency with which individuals revisited locations), whereas home-range area and mean step length scaled positively and nonlinearly with body mass. All species disproportionately ate mound-associated plant taxa; nonetheless, forage selectivity and dietary composition, richness, and quality all differed among species, reflecting the partitioning of shared food resources. Dietary protein exhibited the theoretically predicted negative allometric relationship with body mass, whereas digestible-energy content scaled positively. Our results demonstrate cryptic size-based separation along spatial and dietary niche axes—despite superficial similarities among species—consistent with the idea that body-size differentiation is driven by selection for divergent resource-acquisition strategies, which in turn underpin coexistence. Foraging and space-use behaviors were nonlinearly related to body mass, supporting the hypothesis that behavior scales allometrically with size. However, explaining the variable functional forms of these relationships is a challenge for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11505,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Monographs","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecm.1549","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47434994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a “modern coexistence theory” for the discrete and spatial","authors":"Stephen P. Ellner,&nbsp;Robin E. Snyder,&nbsp;Peter B. Adler,&nbsp;Giles Hooker","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1548","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecm.1548","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The usual theoretical condition for coexistence is that each species in a community can increase when it is rare (mutual invasibility). Traditional coexistence theory implicitly assumes that the invading species is common enough that we can ignore demographic stochasticity but rare enough that it does not compete with itself, even after it has reached a stationary spatial distribution. However, short-distance dispersal of discrete individuals leads to locally dense population clusters, and existing theory breaks down. We have an intuition that when we account for invader–invader competition, shorter-range dispersal should reduce the invader's ability to escape competition, but exactly how does this translate into lower population growth? And how will invader discreteness affect outcomes? We need a way of partitioning the contributions to coexistence, but current modern coexistence theory (MCT) does not apply under these conditions. Here we present a computationally based partitioning method to quantify the contributions to coexistence from different mechanisms, as in MCT. We also build up an intuition for how invader clumping and discreteness will affect these contributions by analyzing a case study, a lattice-based spatial lottery model. We first consider fluctuation-dependent coexistence, partitioning the contributions of variable environment, variable competition, demographic stochasticity, and their correlations and interactions. Our second example examines fluctuation-independent coexistence maintained by a fecundity–survival trade-off, and partitions the contributions to coexistence from interspecific differences in fecundity, in mortality, and in dispersal. We find that demographic stochasticity harms an invader, but only slightly. Localized invader dispersal, on the other hand, can have a strong effect. When invaders are more clumped, they compete with each other more intensely when rare, so they too become limited by environment-competition covariance. More invader clumping also means that variation in competition changes from helping the invader to harming it. More broadly, invader clumping is likely to weaken any coexistence mechanism that relies on the invader escaping competition from the resident, because invader clumping means that the resident is no longer the only source of competition.</p>","PeriodicalId":11505,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Monographs","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46964396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Character displacement when natural selection pushes in only one direction","authors":"Mark A. McPeek,&nbsp;Sarah J. McPeek,&nbsp;Feng Fu","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1547","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecm.1547","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The usual conception of character displacement is of resource competitors differentiating to specialize on different prey in order to reduce competition. However, traits that underlie many predator–prey interactions, such as chase-evade speeds, gape limitation, and toxin concentrations, do not permit such specialization, but instead result in unidirectional evolutionary arms races. Here, we develop and analyze an evolutionary model of predator–prey interactions to explore whether character displacement will still occur when such unidirectional traits define the species interactions, and if so, what environmental conditions foster or retard differentiation. Character displacement in predators and prey does occur, and this differentiation is driven by fitness component trade-offs. Instead of specialization or compartmentalization in which different sets of species have strong interactions, differentiation in this model causes a nested community structure in which species of predators and prey have the same rank interaction strengths with species at the other trophic level. Also, analyses of the model predict that character displacement is fostered in environments with higher productivity, weaker stressors, and lower structural complexity. Model comparisons suggest that character displacement should occur over a broader set of environmental conditions when traits permit prey specialization than when traits foster arms races. These results highlight how different types of phenotypic traits that underlie species interactions shape the species diversification and the structure of the resulting community.</p>","PeriodicalId":11505,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Monographs","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42146169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbivory mediates direct and indirect interactions in long-unburned chaparral","authors":"Laurel R. Fox,&nbsp;Stephen E. Potts","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1546","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecm.1546","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Community interaction webs describe both direct and indirect interactions among species. Changes in direct interactions often become noticeable soon after a perturbation, but time lags in the responses of many species may delay the appearance of indirect effects and lead to temporal or spatial variation in interaction webs. Accurately identifying these shifts in the field requires time-specific, spatially differentiated interaction webs. We explore how variation in browsing affects interaction webs in a long-unburned chaparral shrubland near the central California coast. Most prior work in chaparral focused on rapid changes for &lt;5 years after a wildfire that were assumed to determine community patterns until the next fire. Here, we report the results of the first 15 years of an ongoing experiment monitoring how interaction webs in long-unburned chaparral (at least 100 years postfire) respond to experimental variation in browsing by deer and rabbits on dominant shrubs (<i>Arctostaphylos pumila</i>, <i>Ceanothus cuneatus</i> var. <i>rigidus</i>, and <i>Ericameria ericoides</i>). We hypothesized that variation in browsing would directly affect foodplants, indirectly modify growth and survival of other shrubs, and impact habitat needed by herbaceous plants. We found a dynamic web of plant–herbivore and plant–plant interactions that responded rapidly to changes in deer browsing on <i>Ceanothus</i> followed by indirect interactions that continued developing over several years, affecting shrubs, open space, herbaceous plants, and small mammals. Experimental variation in the intensity of deer browsing led to temporal and spatial changes in interactions that produced three different community interaction webs. With deer, community webs were complex, having numerous direct and indirect interactions. Removing deer simplified the community web, changed outcomes of interactions, and reduced open space and herbaceous plant densities. Finally, changes in <i>Ceanothus</i> morphology without deer allowed woodrats to browse these shrubs, with negative impacts on <i>Ceanothus</i> growth and survival. General field observations also showed that all three alternative interaction webs occurred naturally at our fieldsite, varying across space and over time. Long-unburned chaparral communities browsed by deer maintain high biological diversity, but maintenance of this diversity involves many key direct and indirect biotic interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11505,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Monographs","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecm.1546","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43187530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining, estimating, and understanding the fundamental niches of complex animals in heterogeneous environments","authors":"Jason Matthiopoulos","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1545","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecm.1545","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the past century, the fundamental niche, the complete set of environments that allow an individual, population, or species to persist, has shaped ecological thinking. It is a crucial concept connecting population dynamics, spatial ecology, and evolutionary theory, and a prerequisite for predictive ecological models at a time of rapid environmental change. Yet, its properties have eluded quantification, particularly for mobile, cognitively complex organisms. These difficulties are mainly a result of the separation between niche theory and field data, and the dichotomy between environmental and geographical spaces. Here, I combine recent mathematical and statistical results linking habitats to population growth, to achieve a quantitative and intuitive understanding of the fundamental niches of animals. I trace the development of niche ideas from the early steps of ecology to their use in modern statistical and conservation practice. I examine how animal mobility and behavior may blur the division between geographical and environmental space. I discuss how the central models of population and spatial ecology lead to a concise mathematical equation for the fundamental niche of animals and demonstrate how fitness parameters can be understood and directly estimated by fitting this model simultaneously to data on population growth and spatial distributions. I first illustrate these concepts theoretically for territorial species. I then fit the fundamental niche model to a data set of house sparrow colonies to quantify how a species of selective animals can increase their fitness in heterogeneous environments. This work confirms ideas that had been anticipated in the historical niche literature. Specifically, within traditionally defined environmental spaces, habitat heterogeneity and behavioral plasticity make the fundamental niche more complex and malleable than was historically envisaged. However, once examined in higher-dimensional environmental spaces, accounting for spatial heterogeneity, the niche is more predictable than recently suspected. This re-evaluation quantifies how organisms might buffer themselves from change by bending the boundaries of viable environmental space and offers a framework for designing optimal habitat interventions to protect biodiversity or obstruct invasive species. It therefore promotes the fundamental niche as a key concept for understanding animal responses to changing environments and a central tool for environmental management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11505,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Monographs","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecm.1545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46146563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}