EcoSal Plus最新文献_第8页

Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease in Africa. 非洲侵袭性非伤寒沙门氏菌病。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0007-2018

James J Gilchrist, Calman A MacLennan

{"title":"Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease in Africa.","authors":"James J Gilchrist, Calman A MacLennan","doi":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0007-2018","DOIUrl":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0007-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Nontyphoidal salmonellae (NTS) are a major cause of invasive (iNTS) disease in sub-Saharan Africa, manifesting as bacteremia and meningitis. Available epidemiological data indicate that iNTS disease is endemic in much of the region. Antimicrobial resistance is common and case fatality rates are high. There are well-characterized clinical associations with iNTS disease, including young age, HIV infection, malaria, malnutrition, anemia, and sickle cell disease. However, the clinical presentation of iNTS disease is often with fever alone, so clinical diagnosis is impossible without blood culture confirmation. No vaccine is currently available, making this a priority area for global health research. Over the past ten years, it has emerged that iNTS disease in Africa is caused by distinct pathovars of Salmonella Typhimurium, belonging to sequence type ST313, and Salmonella Enteritidis. These are characterized by genome degradation and appear to be adapting to an invasive lifestyle. Investigation of rare patients with primary immunodeficiencies has suggested a key role for interferon gamma-mediated immunity in host defense against NTS. This concept has been supported by recent population-based host genetic studies in African children. In contrast, immunoepidemiological studies from Africa indicate an important role for antibody for protective immunity, supporting the development of antibody-inducing vaccines against iNTS disease. With candidate O-antigen-based vaccines due to enter clinical trials in the near future, research efforts should focus on understanding the relative contributions of antibody and cell-mediated immunity to protection against iNTS disease in humans.","PeriodicalId":11500,"journal":{"name":"EcoSal Plus","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11573285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36864950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aminoglycoside Revival: Review of a Historically Important Class of Antimicrobials Undergoing Rejuvenation. 氨基糖苷类药物的复兴：回顾历史上重要的一类抗菌药的复兴之路。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0002-2018

Alisa W Serio, Tiffany Keepers, Logan Andrews, Kevin M Krause

{"title":"Aminoglycoside Revival: Review of a Historically Important Class of Antimicrobials Undergoing Rejuvenation.","authors":"Alisa W Serio, Tiffany Keepers, Logan Andrews, Kevin M Krause","doi":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0002-2018","DOIUrl":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0002-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Aminoglycosides are cidal inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis that have been utilized for the treatment of serious bacterial infections for almost 80 years. There have been approximately 15 members of this class approved worldwide for the treatment of a variety of infections, many serious and life threatening. While aminoglycoside use declined due to the introduction of other antibiotic classes such as cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems, there has been a resurgence of interest in the class as multidrug-resistant pathogens have spread globally. Furthermore, aminoglycosides are recommended as part of combination therapy for empiric treatment of certain difficult-to-treat infections. The development of semisynthetic aminoglycosides designed to overcome common aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms, and the shift to once-daily dosing, has spurred renewed interest in the class. Plazomicin is the first new aminoglycoside to be approved by the FDA in nearly 40 years, marking the successful start of a new campaign to rejuvenate the class.","PeriodicalId":11500,"journal":{"name":"EcoSal Plus","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36690676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The EcoCyc Database. EcoCyc 数据库。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0006-2018

Peter D Karp, Wai Kit Ong, Suzanne Paley, Richard Billington, Ron Caspi, Carol Fulcher, Anamika Kothari, Markus Krummenacker, Mario Latendresse, Peter E Midford, Pallavi Subhraveti, Socorro Gama-Castro, Luis Muñiz-Rascado, César Bonavides-Martinez, Alberto Santos-Zavaleta, Amanda Mackie, Julio Collado-Vides, Ingrid M Keseler, Ian Paulsen

{"title":"The EcoCyc Database.","authors":"Peter D Karp, Wai Kit Ong, Suzanne Paley, Richard Billington, Ron Caspi, Carol Fulcher, Anamika Kothari, Markus Krummenacker, Mario Latendresse, Peter E Midford, Pallavi Subhraveti, Socorro Gama-Castro, Luis Muñiz-Rascado, César Bonavides-Martinez, Alberto Santos-Zavaleta, Amanda Mackie, Julio Collado-Vides, Ingrid M Keseler, Ian Paulsen","doi":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0006-2018","DOIUrl":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0006-2018","url":null,"abstract":"EcoCyc is a bioinformatics database available at EcoCyc.org that describes the genome and the biochemical machinery of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655. The long-term goal of the project is to describe the complete molecular catalog of the E. coli cell, as well as the functions of each of its molecular parts, to facilitate a system-level understanding of E. coli. EcoCyc is an electronic reference source for E. coli biologists and for biologists who work with related microorganisms. The database includes information pages on each E. coli gene product, metabolite, reaction, operon, and metabolic pathway. The database also includes information on E. coli gene essentiality and on nutrient conditions that do or do not support the growth of E. coli. The website and downloadable software contain tools for analysis of high-throughput data sets. In addition, a steady-state metabolic flux model is generated from each new version of EcoCyc and can be executed via EcoCyc.org. The model can predict metabolic flux rates, nutrient uptake rates, and growth rates for different gene knockouts and nutrient conditions. This review outlines the data content of EcoCyc and of the procedures by which this content is generated.","PeriodicalId":11500,"journal":{"name":"EcoSal Plus","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6504970/pdf/nihms-1017975.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36646760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Catalytic Core Enzyme of Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase. 大肠杆菌 RNA 聚合酶催化核心酶的结构和功能简介。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0004-2018

Catherine Sutherland, Katsuhiko S Murakami

引用次数: 0

Function and Biogenesis of Lipopolysaccharides. 脂多糖的功能和生物成因。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0001-2018

Blake Bertani, Natividad Ruiz

{"title":"Function and Biogenesis of Lipopolysaccharides.","authors":"Blake Bertani, Natividad Ruiz","doi":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0001-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0001-2018","url":null,"abstract":"The cell envelope is the first line of defense between a bacterium and the world-at-large. Often, the initial steps that determine the outcome of chemical warfare, bacteriophage infections, and battles with other bacteria or the immune system greatly depend on the structure and composition of the bacterial cell surface. One of the most studied bacterial surface molecules is the glycolipid known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is produced by most Gram-negative bacteria. Much of the initial attention LPS received in the early 1900s was owed to its ability to stimulate the immune system, for which the glycolipid was commonly known as endotoxin. It was later discovered that LPS also creates a permeability barrier at the cell surface and is a main contributor to the innate resistance that Gram-negative bacteria display against many antimicrobials. Not surprisingly, these important properties of LPS have driven a vast and still prolific body of literature for more than a hundred years. LPS research has also led to pioneering studies in bacterial envelope biogenesis and physiology, mostly using Escherichia coli and Salmonella as model systems. In this review, we will focus on the fundamental knowledge we have gained from studies of the complex structure of the LPS molecule and the biochemical pathways for its synthesis, as well as the transport of LPS across the bacterial envelope and its assembly at the cell surface.","PeriodicalId":11500,"journal":{"name":"EcoSal Plus","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0001-2018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36362489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 293

Spread and Persistence of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes: A Ride on the F Plasmid Conjugation Module. 病毒和抗生素抗性基因的传播与持久性：搭乘 F 质粒共轭模块。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0003-2018

Günther Koraimann

{"title":"Spread and Persistence of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes: A Ride on the F Plasmid Conjugation Module.","authors":"Günther Koraimann","doi":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0003-2018","DOIUrl":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0003-2018","url":null,"abstract":"The F plasmid or F-factor is a large, 100-kbp, circular conjugative plasmid of Escherichia coli and was originally described as a vector for horizontal gene transfer and gene recombination in the late 1940s. Since then, F and related F-like plasmids have served as role models for bacterial conjugation. At present, more than 200 different F-like plasmids with highly related DNA transfer genes, including those for the assembly of a type IV secretion apparatus, are completely sequenced. They belong to the phylogenetically related MOBF12A group. F-like plasmids are present in enterobacterial hosts isolated from clinical as well as environmental samples all over the world. As conjugative plasmids, F-like plasmids carry genetic modules enabling plasmid replication, stable maintenance, and DNA transfer. In this plasmid backbone of approximately 60 kbp, the DNA transfer genes occupy the largest and mostly conserved part. Subgroups of MOBF12A plasmids can be defined based on the similarity of TraJ, a protein required for DNA transfer gene expression. In addition, F-like plasmids harbor accessory cargo genes, frequently embedded within transposons and/or integrons, which harness their host bacteria with antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, causing increasingly severe problems for the treatment of infectious diseases. Here, I focus on key genetic elements and their encoded proteins present on the F-factor and other typical F-like plasmids belonging to the MOBF12A group of conjugative plasmids.","PeriodicalId":11500,"journal":{"name":"EcoSal Plus","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36323569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Periplasmic Chaperones and Prolyl Isomerases. 质膜周围伴侣和脯氨酰异构酶

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0005-2018

Frederick Stull, Jean-Michel Betton, James C A Bardwell

引用次数: 0

Molecular Epidemiology of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli. 肠外致病性大肠杆菌的分子流行病学。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0004-2017

James R Johnson, Thomas A Russo

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli.","authors":"James R Johnson, Thomas A Russo","doi":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0004-2017","DOIUrl":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0004-2017","url":null,"abstract":"Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) are important pathogens in humans and certain animals. Molecular epidemiological analyses of ExPEC are based on structured observations of E. coli strains as they occur in the wild. By assessing real-world phenomena as they occur in authentic contexts and hosts, they provide an important complement to experimental assessment. Fundamental to the success of molecular epidemiological studies are the careful selection of subjects and the use of appropriate typing methods and statistical analysis. To date, molecular epidemiological studies have yielded numerous important insights into putative virulence factors, host-pathogen relationships, phylogenetic background, reservoirs, antimicrobial-resistant strains, clinical diagnostics, and transmission pathways of ExPEC, and have delineated areas in which further study is needed. The rapid pace of discovery of new putative virulence factors and the increasing awareness of the importance of virulence factor regulation, expression, and molecular variation should stimulate many future molecular epidemiological investigations. The growing sophistication and availability of molecular typing methodologies, and of the new computational and statistical approaches that are being developed to address the huge amounts of data that whole genome sequencing generates, provide improved tools for such studies and allow new questions to be addressed.","PeriodicalId":11500,"journal":{"name":"EcoSal Plus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39985000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pili Assembled by the Chaperone/Usher Pathway in Escherichia coli and Salmonella. 大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌中通过伴侣/追随途径组装的纤毛。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2018-03-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0007-2017

Glenn T Werneburg, David G Thanassi

引用次数: 0

Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis Infection. 奇异变形杆菌感染的发病机制。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2018-02-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0009-2017

Chelsie E Armbruster, Harry L T Mobley, Melanie M Pearson

{"title":"Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis Infection.","authors":"Chelsie E Armbruster, Harry L T Mobley, Melanie M Pearson","doi":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0009-2017","DOIUrl":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0009-2017","url":null,"abstract":"Proteus mirabilis, a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium most noted for its swarming motility and urease activity, frequently causes catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) that are often polymicrobial. These infections may be accompanied by urolithiasis, the development of bladder or kidney stones due to alkalinization of urine from urease-catalyzed urea hydrolysis. Adherence of the bacterium to epithelial and catheter surfaces is mediated by 17 different fimbriae, most notably MR/P fimbriae. Repressors of motility are often encoded by these fimbrial operons. Motility is mediated by flagella encoded on a single contiguous 54-kb chromosomal sequence. On agar plates, P. mirabilis undergoes a morphological conversion to a filamentous swarmer cell expressing hundreds of flagella. When swarms from different strains meet, a line of demarcation, a \"Dienes line,\" develops due to the killing action of each strain's type VI secretion system. During infection, histological damage is caused by cytotoxins including hemolysin and a variety of proteases, some autotransported. The pathogenesis of infection, including assessment of individual genes or global screens for virulence or fitness factors has been assessed in murine models of ascending urinary tract infections or CAUTIs using both single-species and polymicrobial models. Global gene expression studies performed in culture and in the murine model have revealed the unique metabolism of this bacterium. Vaccines, using MR/P fimbria and its adhesin, MrpH, have been shown to be efficacious in the murine model. A comprehensive review of factors associated with urinary tract infection is presented, encompassing both historical perspectives and current advances.","PeriodicalId":11500,"journal":{"name":"EcoSal Plus","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5880328/pdf/nihms925686.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35814536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0