EBioMedicine最新文献

{"title":"Conditional loss of Brca1 in oocytes causes reduced litter size, ovarian reserve depletion and impaired oocyte in vitro maturation with advanced reproductive age in mice.","authors":"Amy L Winship, Lauren R Alesi, Jessica M Stringer, Yujie Cao, Yasmin M Lewis, Lisa Tu, Elyse O K Swindells, Saranya Giridharan, Xuebi Cai, Meaghan J Griffiths, Nadeen Zerafa, Leslie Gilham, Martha Hickey, Karla J Hutt","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An estimated 1 in 350 women carry germline BRCA1/2 mutations, which confer an increased risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer, and may also contribute to subfertility. All mature, sex steroid-producing ovarian follicles are drawn from the pool of non-renewable primordial follicles, termed the 'ovarian reserve'. The clinical implications of early ovarian reserve exhaustion extend beyond infertility, to include the long-term adverse health consequences of loss of endocrine function and premature menopause. We aimed to determine whether conditional loss of Brca1 in oocytes impacts ovarian follicle numbers, oocyte quality and fertility in mice with advancing maternal age. We also aimed to determine the utility of AMH as a marker of ovarian function, by assessing circulating AMH levels in mice and women with BRCA1/2 mutations, and correlating this with ovarian follicle counts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we addressed a longstanding question in the field regarding the functional consequences of BRCA1 inactivation in oocytes. To recapitulate loss of BRCA1 protein function in oocytes, we generated mice with conditional gene deletion of Brca1 in oocytes using Gdf9-Cre recombinase (WT: Brca1^fl/flGdf9^+/+; cKO: Brca1^fl/flGdf9^cre/+).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>While the length of the fertile lifespan was not altered between groups after a comprehensive breeding trial, conditional loss of Brca1 in oocytes led to reduced litter size in female mice. Brca1 cKO animals had a reduced ovarian reserve and oocyte maturation was impaired with advanced maternal age at postnatal day (PN)300, compared to WT animals. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations (the gold-standard indirect marker of the ovarian reserve used in clinical practice) were not predictive of reduced primordial follicle number in Brca1 cKO mice versus WT. Furthermore, we found no correlation between follicle number or density and serum AMH concentrations in matched samples from a small cohort of premenopausal women with BRCA1/2 mutations.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Together, our data demonstrate that BRCA1 is a key regulator of oocyte number and quality in females and suggest that caution should be used in relying on AMH as a reliable marker of the ovarian reserve in this context.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This work was made possible through Victorian State Government Operational Infrastructure Support and Australian Government NHMRC IRIISS. This work was supported by funding from the Australian Research Council (ALW - DE21010037 and KJH - FT190100265), as well as the National Breast Cancer Foundation (IIRS-22-092) awarded to ALW and KJH. LRA, YML, LT, EOKS and MG were supported by Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarships. LRA, YML and LT were also supported by a Monash Graduate Excellence Scholarship. YC, SG and XC were supported by Monash Biomedici","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective p300 degradation via peptide PROTAC: a new therapeutic strategy for advanced prostate cancers.","authors":"Ling-Yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11292422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning for catalysing the integration of noncoding RNA in research and clinical practice.","authors":"David de Gonzalo-Calvo, Kanita Karaduzovic-Hadziabdic, Louise Torp Dalgaard, Christoph Dieterich, Manel Perez-Pons, Artemis Hatzigeorgiou, Yvan Devaux, Georgios Kararigas","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human transcriptome predominantly consists of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), transcripts that do not encode proteins. The noncoding transcriptome governs a multitude of pathophysiological processes, offering a rich source of next-generation biomarkers. Toward achieving a holistic view of disease, the integration of these transcripts with clinical records and additional data from omic technologies (\"multiomic\" strategies) has motivated the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. Given their intricate biological complexity, machine learning (ML) techniques are becoming a key component of ncRNA-based research. This article presents an overview of the potential and challenges associated with employing AI/ML-driven approaches to identify clinically relevant ncRNA biomarkers and to decipher ncRNA-associated pathogenetic mechanisms. Methodological and conceptual constraints are discussed, along with an exploration of ethical considerations inherent to AI applications for healthcare and research. The ultimate goal is to provide a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted landscape of this innovative field and its clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11314885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141727028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in the Middle East and North Africa: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions.","authors":"Manale Harfouche, Wafaa Sekkal Gherbi, Asalah Alareeki, Ahmed S Alaama, Joumana G Hermez, Alex Smolak, Laith J Abu-Raddad","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trichomoniasis, caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), remains an underappreciated sexually transmitted infection (STI), primarily due to inadequate understanding of its epidemiology and public health implications. This study aimed to characterize TV epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic review and analysis of evidence sourced from international, regional, and national databases were conducted. Findings were reported following PRISMA guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed to determine pooled mean prevalence, investigate associations with prevalence, and identify sources of between-study heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The review identified 263 relevant publications, encompassing 462 TV prevalence measures. The pooled mean TV prevalence was estimated as follows: 4.7% (95% CI: 3.9-5.6%) in the general population of women, 17.2% (95% CI: 5.4-33.6%) among intermediate-risk populations, 10.3% (95% CI: 6.2-15.3%) among female sex workers, 13.9% (95% CI: 12.3-15.6%) among symptomatic women, 7.4% (95% CI: 1.9-15.5%) among infertility clinic attendees, 2.3% (95% CI: 0.1-6.3%) among women with miscarriages or ectopic pregnancies, and 1.6% (95% CI: 0.8-2.7%) among STI clinic attendees. Limited data were found for men. Multivariable meta-regressions explained >40% of the prevalence variation, unveiling a hierarchical prevalence pattern by population type, an inverse correlation with national income, and a prevalence decline at a rate of 1% per calendar year.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Despite conservative sexual norms, MENA has a substantial TV prevalence, comparable to the global TV prevalence. The unexpectedly high prevalence of this curable infection may, in part, be attributed to limited access to and underutilization of STI screening and treatment services.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This work was supported by the Qatar Research, Development, and Innovation Council [ARG01-0522-230273] and by the Biomedical Research Program at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar.</p>","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11286989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygenic inheritance and its interplay with smoking history in predicting lung cancer diagnosis: a French-Canadian case-control cohort.","authors":"Véronique Boumtje, Hasanga D Manikpurage, Zhonglin Li, Nathalie Gaudreault, Victoria Saavedra Armero, Dominique K Boudreau, Sébastien Renaut, Cyndi Henry, Christine Racine, Aida Eslami, Stéphanie Bougeard, Evelyne Vigneau, Mathieu Morissette, Benoit J Arsenault, Catherine Labbé, Anne-Sophie Laliberté, Simon Martel, François Maltais, Christian Couture, Patrice Desmeules, Patrick Mathieu, Sébastien Thériault, Philippe Joubert, Yohan Bossé","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The most near-term clinical application of genome-wide association studies in lung cancer is a polygenic risk score (PRS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control dataset was generated consisting of 4002 lung cancer cases from the LORD project and 20,010 ethnically matched controls from CARTaGENE. A genome-wide PRS including >1.1 million genetic variants was derived and validated in UK Biobank (n = 5419 lung cancer cases). The predictive ability and diagnostic discrimination performance of the PRS was tested in LORD/CARTaGENE and benchmarked against previous PRSs from the literature. Stratified analyses were performed by smoking status and genetic risk groups defined as low (<20th percentile), intermediate (20-80th percentile) and high (>80th percentile) PRS.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The phenotypic variance explained and the effect size of the genome-wide PRS numerically outperformed previous PRSs. Individuals with high genetic risk had a 2-fold odds of lung cancer compared to low genetic risk. The PRS was an independent predictor of lung cancer beyond conventional clinical risk factors, but its diagnostic discrimination performance was incremental in an integrated risk model. Smoking increased the odds of lung cancer by 7.7-fold in low genetic risk and by 11.3-fold in high genetic risk. Smoking with high genetic risk was associated with a 17-fold increase in the odds of lung cancer compared to individuals who never smoked and with low genetic risk.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Individuals at low genetic risk are not protected against the smoking-related risk of lung cancer. The joint multiplicative effect of PRS and smoking increases the odds of lung cancer by nearly 20-fold.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This work was supported by the CQDM and the IUCPQ Foundation owing to a generous donation from Mr. Normand Lord.</p>","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141544639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Salidroside improves the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and reverses the drug resistance of platinum drugs via HIF-1α signaling pathway\" [EBioMedicine 38 (2018) 25-36].","authors":"Yuan Qin, Hui-Juan Liu, Meng Li, Deng-Hui Zhai, Yuan-Hao Tang, Lan Yang, Kai-Liang Qiao, Jia-Huan Yang, Wei-Long Zhong, Qiang Zhang, Yan-Rong Liu, Guang Yang, Tao Sun, Cheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105237","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11276925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linked patterns of symptoms and cognitive covariation with functional brain controllability in major depressive disorder.","authors":"Qian Li, Youjin Zhao, Yongbo Hu, Yang Liu, Yaxuan Wang, Qian Zhang, Fenghua Long, Yufei Chen, Yitian Wang, Haoran Li, Eline M P Poels, Astrid M Kamperman, John A Sweeney, Weihong Kuang, Fei Li, Qiyong Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Controllability analysis is an approach developed for evaluating the ability of a brain region to modulate function in other regions, which has been found to be altered in major depressive disorder (MDD). Both depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments are prominent features of MDD, but the case-control differences of controllability between MDD and controls can not fully interpret the contribution of both clinical symptoms and cognition to brain controllability and linked patterns among them in MDD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sparse canonical correlation analysis was used to investigate the associations between resting-state functional brain controllability at the network level and clinical symptoms and cognition in 99 first-episode medication-naïve patients with MDD.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Average controllability was significantly correlated with clinical features. The average controllability of the dorsal attention network (DAN) and visual network had the highest correlations with clinical variables. Among clinical variables, depressed mood, suicidal ideation and behaviour, impaired work and activities, and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly negatively associated with average controllability, and reduced cognitive flexibility was associated with reduced average controllability.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of brain regions in modulating activity across brain networks in MDD, given their associations with symptoms and cognitive impairments observed in our study. Disrupted control of brain reconfiguration of DAN and visual network during their state transitions may represent a core brain mechanism for the behavioural impairments observed in MDD.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>National Natural Science Foundation of China (82001795 and 82027808), National Key R&D Program (2022YFC2009900), and Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2024NSFSC0653).</p>","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11324849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling of viral load, antibody and inflammatory response of people with monkeypox during hospitalization: a prospective longitudinal cohort study in China.","authors":"Li Guo, Rui Song, Qiao Zhang, Danyang Li, Lan Chen, Meiyu Fang, Yan Xiao, Xinming Wang, Yanan Li, Ru Gao, Zimeng Liu, Xiaoyou Chen, Zhixia Gu, Hongxin Zhao, Jingchuan Zhong, Xueqi Chi, Guanying Wang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Ning Han, Ronghua Jin, Lili Ren, Jianwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The dynamics of viral shedding and the specific humoral response against monkeypox virus (MPXV) have not been well characterized in patients across their disease course during hospitalisation. The aim of this study was to determine the viral load and the levels of antibodies against MPXV using longitudinal paired-collected samples from hospitalized patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who were hospitalised with mpox were recruited at Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University in China between June 2 and September 23, 2023. Paired samples, including samples from skin lesions, the oropharynx, saliva, faeces, urine, plasma, and serum, were serially collected at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after admission until discharge. Not all of the patients had samples obtained at all of the timepoints. All the samples were analysed via quantitative PCR. Virus isolation was performed by using clinical samples and Vero cells. The presence of IgM, IgA, IgG, and neutralising antibodies (NAbs) against MPXV was evaluated. The first collected plasma sample was taken when the patient was hospitalised, and the levels of cytokines and chemokines were measured in the sample. The demographic data, smallpox vaccination status, history of known exposure to MPVX, HIV status and other clinical data were collected using a standard case report form.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A total of 510 specimens were serially collected from 39 recruited people with mpox. Among all the samples, the skin lesions had the highest viral DNA detection rates and viral loads, and the saliva samples had the second highest rates and viral loads. One day before discharge, 85% of the dry scrabs (median Ct 28.2, range 19.0-38.3) and 70% of the saliva samples (median Ct 32.4, range 24.5-38.1) were positive for viral DNA, Of which, 23.1% of dry scrabs were positive in viral culture. The rate of viral DNA detection in the oropharyngeal, saliva, and faecal samples decreased with time, while the rates in the plasma, serum, and urine samples increased quickly before 10 days post symptom onset (PSO). The median days of appearance of MPXV-IgM, MPXV-IgA, MPXV-IgG, and NAb were at 8 (interquartile range [IQR] 7-9), 9 (7-10), 12 (9-15), and 12 (9-15) PSO, respectively. The IgM, IgA, IgG, and NAb titres increased with time. Between days 11 and 21 PSO, the NAb titres were lower in people living with HIV (PWH) than in people living without HIV (PWOH). Increased NAb titres were associated with decreased viral loads in the saliva (r = 0.28, p = 0.025), faeces (r = 0.35, p = 0.021), plasma (r = 0.30, p = 0.0044), and serum samples (r = 0.37, p = 0.001). Compared with PWOH, PWH had higher plasma levels of MIP-1α, MIP-1β, G-CSF, IL-4, and FGF-basic.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The high positive viral culture rate of clinical samples of patients when they are discharged from the hospital indicates that effective public health management strategies are needed fo","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained chronic inflammation and altered childhood vaccine responses in children exposed to Zika virus.","authors":"Suan-Sin Foo, Weiqiang Chen, Tamiris Azamor, Kyle L Jung, Mary Catherine Cambou, Débora Familiar-Macedo, Gielenny M Salem, Ivonne Melano, Myung-Shin Sim, Maria Elisabeth Moreira, Patricia Brasil, Zilton Vasconcelos, Karin Nielsen-Saines, Jae U Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection leads to severe newborn abnormalities, but its long-term impact on childhood immunity is not well understood. This study aims to investigate the serum proteomics in children exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy to understand potential immunological consequences during early childhood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included ZIKV-exposed infants (ZEI) at birth (n = 42) and children exposed to ZIKV (ZEC) at two years of age (n = 20) exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy, as well as healthy controls. Serum proteomic analysis was performed on these groups to assess inflammation and immune profiles. Additionally, antibody titres against two common childhood vaccines, DTaP and MMR, were measured in healthy controls (n = 50) and ZEC (n = 92) to evaluate vaccine-induced immunity.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Results showed elevated inflammation in ZEI with birth abnormalities. Among ZEC, despite most having normal clinical outcomes at two years, their serum proteomics indicated a bias towards Th1-mediated immune responses. Notably, ZEC displayed reduced anti-Diphtheria toxin and anti-Clostridium tetani IgG levels against DTaP and MMR vaccines. They also exhibited lower antibody titres particularly against Th2-biased DTaP vaccines, but not Th1-biased MMR vaccines.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>In conclusion, the study highlights the long-term immunological consequences of congenital ZIKV exposure. Heightened inflammation was observed in ZEI with abnormalities at birth, while ZEC maintained a chronic Th1-biased immune profile. The impaired response to Th2-biased vaccines raises concerns about lasting effects of ZIKV exposure on immune responses. Consequently, there is a need for continued longitudinal clinical monitoring to identify potential immune-related complications arising from prenatal exposure to ZIKV.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This work was partially funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR).</p>","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11304698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning of brain-specific biomarkers from EEG.","authors":"Philipp Bomatter, Joseph Paillard, Pilar Garces, Jörg Hipp, Denis-Alexander Engemann","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electroencephalography (EEG) has a long history as a clinical tool to study brain function, and its potential to derive biomarkers for various applications is far from exhausted. Machine learning (ML) can guide future innovation by harnessing the wealth of complex EEG signals to isolate relevant brain activity. Yet, ML studies in EEG tend to ignore physiological artefacts, which may cause problems for deriving biomarkers specific to the central nervous system (CNS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present a framework for conceptualising machine learning from CNS versus peripheral signals measured with EEG. A signal representation based on Morlet wavelets allowed us to define traditional brain activity features (e.g. log power) and alternative inputs used by state-of-the-art ML approaches based on covariance matrices. Using more than 2600 EEG recordings from large public databases (TUAB, TDBRAIN), we studied the impact of peripheral signals and artefact removal techniques on ML models in age and sex prediction analyses.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Across benchmarks, basic artefact rejection improved model performance, whereas further removal of peripheral signals using ICA decreased performance. Our analyses revealed that peripheral signals enable age and sex prediction. However, they explained only a fraction of the performance provided by brain signals.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>We show that brain signals and body signals, both present in the EEG, allow for prediction of personal characteristics. While these results may depend on specific applications, our work suggests that great care is needed to separate these signals when the goal is to develop CNS-specific biomarkers using ML.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>All authors have been working for F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.</p>","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11347073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}