EBioMedicine最新文献

{"title":"Longitudinal immunogenicity cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines across individuals with different immunocompromising conditions: heterogeneity in the immune response and crucial role of Omicron-adapted booster doses.","authors":"Annalisa Ciabattini, Elena Pettini, Fabio Fiorino, Jacopo Polvere, Simone Lucchesi, Chiara Coppola, Simone Costagli, Gabiria Pastore, Anna Sicuranza, Monica Tozzi, Arianna Lippi, Francesca Panza, Monica Bocchia, Alessandro Bucalossi, Guido Garosi, David Bennett, Sonia Bernazzali, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Francesca Montagnani, Donata Medaglini","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, being more susceptible to infections, are a priority for vaccination. Here, we determined and compared in a longitudinal study the immune response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination across different groups of individuals who are immunocompromised.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the PatoVac_COV longitudinal prospective single-centre study, the spike-specific B cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination were compared across 5 different groups of individuals with haematological malignancies, hematopoietic stem cell (HCT) or solid organ transplantation (SOT), undergoing haemodialysis, and people living with HIV (PLWH), for a total of 585 participants. Data from participants who were immunocompromised were compared to a group of 123 participants who were immunocompetent. Blood samples were collected before and after each vaccine administration, up to 2 years.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A different immune responsiveness was observed after the first two vaccine doses, with haematological, haemodialysis, and SOT participants showing reduced responsiveness compared to HCT and PLWH, and relative to the comparison group. Spike-specific B cell response was both slower and lower in all groups except in PLWH when compared to participants who were immunocompetent. However, the first booster dose enhanced both the B and the antibody responses in all groups, that persisted up to 2 years after the first vaccine administration. The administration of Omicron-adapted booster vaccines promoted a primary BA.2 RBD-specific B cell response, especially in participants who were immunocompromised. Despite repeated vaccinations, a subset of persistent low-responders, especially among SOT, was identified.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Our study highlights the heterogeneous immune response across individuals with different pathologies, the pivotal role of the first booster dose, the primary activation of Omicron-specific B cells elicited by updated variant-adapted vaccines and the persistence of low-responders despite multiple vaccine administrations. These aspects have a clinical relevance for planning vaccination schedules tailored for individuals with different immunocompromising conditions.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This work was supported by funds from the Department of Medical Biotechnologies of the University of Siena, and from EU within the NextGenerationEU-MUR PNRR Tuscany Health Ecosystem (Project no ECS00000017-THE).</p>","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":"113 ","pages":"105577"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High risk of asthma among early teens is associated with quantitative differences in mite and cat allergen specific IgE and IgG4: a modified Th2 related antibody response revisited.","authors":"Thomas A Platts-Mills, Behnam Keshavarz, Jeffrey M Wilson, Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman, Samuel M Ailsworth, Joanne E Sordillo, Lisa Workman, Martin Chapman, Jonas Lidholm, Emily Oken, Diane R Gold","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although proteins derived from cats are an important contributor to indoor allergen exposure in relation to asthma, it has been known for at least twenty years that some children who live in a house with a cat can become clinically tolerant to these animals. In 2001, we reported that children exposed to high levels of cat allergens made high levels of IgG4 antibodies to the cat allergen Fel d 1, and we coined the term \"a modified Th2 response\". However, this phenomenon is still poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied serum antibodies among 616 individuals in the Viva unselected birth cohort recruited at their early teen visit (mean age 13.1 SD 0.8). IgE and IgG4 antibodies were measured by ImmunoCAP to inhaled allergens as well as the best characterised component allergens of cat, Fel d 1, Fel d 2, Fel d 4, and Fel d 7, and the dust mite allergens Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 10, and Der p 23.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The results confirm that young teens living in a home with a cat make high levels of IgG4 specific for cat allergens, and that those antibodies, and specifically those to Fel d 1 are negatively associated with asthma. By contrast, the IgG4 responses to Fel d 4 and Fel d 7 are significantly lower and have no significant association with asthma. Perhaps more surprisingly, a similar effect is seen in relation to dust-mite allergens. Although the allergen Der p 1 is a major part of the IgE response to mite allergens, this protein also induced high prevalence and levels of IgG4 antibodies and has a less strong relationship to asthma than IgE to Der p 2 or Der p 23. Indeed, values of specific IgE to Der p 1 >3.5 IU/mL were not significantly related to asthma (OR 1.5 CI 0.8-2.8, p = 0.3, Chi² test). The prevalence and levels of specific IgG4 to these less abundant allergens are significantly lower for Der p 2 and almost absent for Der p 23.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>High exposure to specific allergens in household dust can enhance production of both sIgE and sIgG4 antibodies, while allergens where abundance is significantly lower in dust can induce sIgE with limited or no sIgG4. The result is that the less abundant allergens, i.e., Fel d 4, Fel d 7, Der p 2, and Der p 23, may have a significantly higher relevance to asthma than expected because they induce less sIgG4.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This work was funded by R01-AI20565 (TPM) and support for the IgE and IgG4 assays provided by Phadia/Thermo Fisher Kalamazoo, Michigan. Project Viva is also supported by NIH R01HD034568 and R24ES.</p>","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":"112 ","pages":"105556"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the immunological landscape and gut microbiome in sepsis: a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and prognosis.","authors":"Yali Luo, Jian Gao, Xinliang Su, Helian Li, Yingcen Li, Wenhao Qi, Xuling Han, Jingxuan Han, Yiran Zhao, Alin Zhang, Yan Zheng, Feng Qian, Hongyu He","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Comprehensive and in-depth research on the immunophenotype of septic patients remains limited, and effective biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis are urgently needed in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples from 31 septic patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 25 non-septic ICU patients, and 18 healthy controls were analyzed using flow cytometry for deep immunophenotyping. Metagenomic sequencing was performed in 41 fecal samples, including 13 septic patients, 10 non-septic ICU patients, and 18 healthy controls. Immunophenotype shifts were evaluated using differential expression sliding window analysis, and random forest models were developed for sepsis diagnosis or prognosis prediction.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Septic patients exhibited decreased proportions of natural killer (NK) cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in CD45⁺ leukocytes compared with non-septic ICU patients and healthy controls. These changes statistically mediated the association of Bacteroides salyersiae with sepsis, suggesting a potential underlying mechanism. A combined diagnostic model incorporating B.salyersia, NK cells in CD45⁺ leukocytes, and C-reactive protein (CRP) demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing sepsis from non-sepsis (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC = 0.950, 95% CI: 0.811-1.000). Immunophenotyping and disease severity analysis identified an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score threshold of 21, effectively distinguishing mild (n = 19) from severe (n = 12) sepsis. A prognostic model based on the proportion of total lymphocytes, Helper T (Th) 17 cells, CD4⁺ effector memory T (T_EM) cells, and Th1 cells in CD45⁺ leukocytes achieved robust outcome prediction (AUC = 0.906, 95% CI: 0.732-1.000), with further accuracy improvement when combined with clinical scores (AUC = 0.938, 95% CI: 0.796-1.000).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>NK cell subsets within innate immunity exhibit significant diagnostic value for sepsis, particularly when combined with B. salyersiae and CRP. In addition, T cell phenotypes within adaptive immunity are correlated with sepsis severity and may serve as reliable prognostic markers.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This project was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC2307600, 2021YFA1301000), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2023SHZDZX02, 2017SHZDZX01), Shanghai Municipal Technology Standards Project (23DZ2202600).</p>","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":"113 ","pages":"105586"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for alpha-synuclein aggregation in older individuals with hyposmia: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Kenneth Marek, David S Russell, Luis Concha-Marambio, Seung Ho Choi, Danna Jennings, Michael C Brumm, Christopher S Coffey, Ethan Brown, John Seibyl, Matthew Stern, Claudio Soto, Andrew Siderowf","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Synuclein pathology in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), begins years before motor or cognitive symptoms arise. Alpha-Synuclein seed amplification assays (α-syn SAA) may detect aggregated synuclein before symptoms occur.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Parkinson Associated Risk Syndrome Study (PARS) have shown that individuals with hyposmia, without motor or cognitive symptoms, are enriched for dopamine transporter imaging (DAT) deficit and are at high risk to develop clinical parkinsonism or related synucleinopathies. α-syn aggregates in CSF were measured in 100 PARS participants using α-syn SAA.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>CSF α-syn SAA was positive in 48% (34/71) of hyposmic compared to 4% (1/25) of normosmic PARS participants (relative risk, 11.97; 95% CI, 1.73-82.95). Among α-syn SAA positive hyposmics 65% remained without a DAT deficit for up to four years follow-up. α-syn SAA positive hyposmics were at higher risk of having DAT deficit (12 of 34) compared to α-syn SAA negative hyposmics (4 of 37; relative risk, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.16-9.16), and 7 of 12 α-syn SAA positive hyposmics with DAT deficit developed symptoms consistent with synucleinopathy.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Approximately fifty percent of PARS participants with hyposmia, easily detected using simple, widely available tests, have synuclein pathology detected by α-syn SAA. Approximately, one third (12 of 34) α-syn SAA positive hyposmic individuals also demonstrate DAT deficit. This study suggests a framework to investigate screening paradigms for synuclein pathology that could lead to design of therapeutic prevention studies in individuals without symptoms.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>The study was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, the Helen Graham Foundation and the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":"112 ","pages":"105567"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of autism domains across thirty rare variant genotypes.","authors":"Nabila M H Ali, Samuel J R A Chawner, Leila Kushan-Wells, Carrie E Bearden, Jennifer Gladys Mulle, Rebecca M Pollak, Raquel E Gur, Wendy K Chung, Michael J Owen, Marianne B M van den Bree","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105521","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;A number of Neurodevelopmental risk Copy Number Variants (ND-CNVs) and Single Gene Variants (SGVs) are strongly linked to elevated likelihood of autism. However, few studies have examined the impact on autism phenotypes across a wide range of rare variant genotypes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study compared Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) scores (total and subdomains: social, communication, repetitive behaviour) in 1314 young people with one of thirty rare variant genotypes (15 ND-CNVs; n = 1005, 9.2 ± 3.5 years and 15 SGVs; n = 309, 8.3 ± 4.0 years). Comparisons were also conducted with young people without known genetic conditions (controls; n = 460, 10.6 ± 3.4 years) and with idiopathic autism (n = 480, 8.6 ± 3.2 years).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;The prevalence of indicative autism (SCQ ≥ 22) was higher in those with a rare variant genotype compared to controls (32% vs 2%; OR = 43.1, CI = 6.6-282.2, p &lt; 0.001) and in those with SGVs compared to ND-CNVs (53% vs 25%; OR = 4.00, CI = 2.2-7.3, p = 0.002). The prevalence of indicative autism varied considerably across the 30 rare variant genotypes (range 10-85%). SGVs were associated with greater impairment in total, social, communication and repetitive behaviour subdomains than ND-CNVs. However, genotype explained limited variation in these scores (η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; between 11.8 and 21.4%), indicating more convergence than divergence in autism phenotype across rare variant genotypes. Comparisons with young people with idiopathic autism indicated no differences compared to those with ND-CNVs, whereas those with SGVs showed greater communication and less repetitive behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interpretation: &lt;/strong&gt;The likelihood of autism was higher across all rare variant genotypes, with individuals with SGVs showing higher prevalence and greater impairment compared to those with ND-CNVs. Despite subdomain-specific patterns, there was no strong evidence for specific genotype-phenotype associations. This suggests that rare variant genotypes alone may have limited predictive value for autism phenotypes and that other factors like polygenic risk and the environment are likely to play a role. Further research is needed in order to understand these influences, improve risk prediction and inform genetic counselling and interventions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Funding: &lt;/strong&gt;This work was funded by the Tackling Multimorbidity at Scale Strategic Priorities Fund programme (MR/W014416/1) (van den Bree) delivered by the Medical Research Council and the National Institute for Health Research in partnership with the Economic and Social Research Council and in collaboration with the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. NIMH U01 MH119738-01 (van den Bree), IMAGINE study (Medical Research Council UK: MR/T033045/1; MR/N022572/1; and MR/L011166/1) (van den Bree) and Medical Research Council UK Centre Grant (MR/L010305/1) (Owen). SJRAC is funded by a Medical","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":"112 ","pages":"105521"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synapse vulnerability and resilience underlying Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Raquel N Taddei, Karen E Duff","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synapse preservation is key for healthy cognitive ageing, and synapse loss represents a critical anatomical basis of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD), predicting dementia onset, severity, and progression. Synapse loss is viewed as a primary pathologic event, preceding neuronal loss and brain atrophy in AD. Synapses may, therefore, represent one of the earliest and clinically most meaningful targets of the neuropathologic processes driving AD dementia. The synapse loss in AD is highly selective and targets particularly vulnerable synapses while leaving others, termed resilient, largely unaffected. Yet, the anatomic and molecular hallmarks of the vulnerable and resilient synapse populations and their association with AD neuropathologic changes (e.g. amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles) and memory dysfunction remain poorly understood. Characterising the selectively vulnerable and resilient synapses in AD may be key to understanding the mechanisms of cognitive preservation versus loss and enable the development of robust biomarkers and disease-modifying therapies for dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":"112 ","pages":"105557"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De Novo exposomic geospatial assembly of chronic disease regions with machine learning & network analysis.","authors":"Andrew Deonarine, Ayushi Batwara, Roy Wada, Puneet Sharma, Joseph Loscalzo, Bisola Ojikutu, Kathryn Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Determining spatial relationships between diseases and the exposome is limited by available methodologies. aPEER (algorithm for Projection of Exposome and Epidemiological Relationships) uses machine learning (ML) and network analysis to find spatial relationships between diseases and the exposome in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using aPEER we examined the relationship between 12 chronic diseases and 186 pollutants. PCA, K-means clustering, and map projection produced clusters of counties derived from pollutants, and the Jaccard correlation between these clusters with chronic disease geography (defined as groups of counties with high chronic disease prevalence rates) was calculated. Disease-pollution correlation matrices were used together with network analysis to identify the strongest disease-pollution relationships. Results were compared to LISA, Moran's I, univariate, elastic net, and random forest regression.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>aPEER produced 68,820 human interpretable maps with distinct pollution-derived regions, and acetaldehyde/benzo(a)pyrene was found to be strongly associated with hypertension (J = 0.5316, p = 3.89 × 10^-208), stroke (J = 0.4517, p = 1.15 × 10^-127), and diabetes mellitus (J = 0.4425, p = 2.34 × 10^-127); formaldehyde/glycol ethers with COPD (J = 0.4545, p = 8.27 × 10^-131); and acetaldehyde/formaldehyde with stroke mortality (J = 0.4445, p = 4.28 × 10^-125). Methanol, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde formed distinct regions in the southeast United States (which correlated with both the Stroke and Diabetes Belts) which were strongly associated with multiple chronic diseases. Pollutants predicted chronic disease geography with similar or superior areas under the curve compared to SDOH and preventive healthcare models (determined with random forest and elastic net methods). Conventional geospatial analysis methods did not identify these geospatial relationships, highlighting aPEER's utility.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>aPEER identified a pollution-defined geographical region associated with chronic disease, highlighting the role of aPEER in epidemiological and geospatial analysis, and exposomics in understanding chronic disease geography.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This work was primarily funded by the BPHC, NHLBI (R03 HL157890) and the CDC, and this work was funded in part by grants from the NIH (U01 HG007691, R01 HL155107, and HL166137), the American Heart Association (AHA24MERIT1185447), and the EU (HorizonHealth 2021 101057619) to JL.</p>","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":"112 ","pages":"105575"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physio-fUS: a tissue-motion based method for heart and breathing rate assessment in neurofunctional ultrasound imaging.","authors":"Nicolas Zucker, Samuel Le Meur-Diebolt, Felipe Cybis Pereira, Jérôme Baranger, Isabella Hurvitz, Charlie Demené, Bruno-Félix Osmanski, Nathalie Ialy-Radio, Valérie Biran, Olivier Baud, Sophie Pezet, Thomas Deffieux, Mickael Tanter","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent studies have shown growing evidence that brain function is closely synchronised with global physiological parameters. Heart rate is linked to various cognitive processes and a strong correlation between neuronal activity and breathing has been demonstrated. These findings highlight the significance of monitoring these key physiological parameters during neuroimaging as they provide valuable insights into the overall brain function. Today, in neuroimaging, assessing these parameters requires additional cumbersome devices or implanted electrodes. Here we demonstrate that ultrasonic neurofunctional imaging data alone is sufficient to extract these parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this work, we performed ultrafast ultrasound imaging in male rodents and human neonates, and we extracted heart and breathing rates from local tissue motion assessed by raw ultrasound data processing. Such \"Physio-fUS\" automatically selects two specific and optimal brain regions with pulsatile tissue signals to monitor such parameters.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We validated the correspondence of these periodic signals with heart and breathing rates assessed using gold-standard electrodes in anaesthetised rodents. We extracted heart and breathing rates in sleeping rats and heart rate in rats moving freely in an arena. We also validated Physio-fUS imaging in sleeping human newborns using conventional ECG.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>We show the potential of fUS imaging as an integrative tool for simultaneously monitoring physiological parameters during neurofunctional imaging. Beyond the technological improvement, it could enhance our understanding of the link between breathing, heart rate and neurovascular activity in preclinical research and clinical functional ultrasound imaging.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This study was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement n°311025 and by the Fondation Bettencourt-Schueller under the program \"Physics for Medicine\".</p>","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":"112 ","pages":"105581"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urgent need for scaling up vaccine research on WHO priority fungal pathogens.","authors":"Ivaan Pitua, Morrish Okello-Obol","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":" ","pages":"105583"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretation of indoor air surveillance for respiratory infections: a prospective longitudinal observational study in a childcare setting.","authors":"Caspar Geenen, Steven Traets, Sarah Gorissen, Michiel Happaerts, Kurt Beuselinck, Lies Laenen, Jens Swinnen, Sien Ombelet, Joren Raymenants, Els Keyaerts, Emmanuel André","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sampling the air in indoor congregate settings, where respiratory pathogens are ubiquitous, may constitute a valuable yet underutilised data source for community-wide surveillance of respiratory infections. However, there is a lack of research comparing air sampling and individual sampling of attendees. Therefore, it remains unclear how air sampling results should be interpreted for the purpose of surveillance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective observational study, we compared the presence and concentration of several respiratory pathogens in the air with the number of attendees with infections and the pathogen load in their nasal mucus. Weekly for 22 consecutive weeks, we sampled the air in a single childcare setting in Belgium. Concurrently, we collected the paper tissues used to wipe the noses of 23 regular attendees: children aged zero to three and childcare workers. All samples were tested for 29 respiratory pathogens using PCR.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Air sampling sensitively detected most respiratory pathogens found in nasal mucus. Some pathogens (SARS-CoV-2, Pneumocystis jirovecii) were found repeatedly in the air, but rarely in nasal mucus, whilst the opposite was true for others (Human coronavirus NL63). All three pathogens with a clear outbreak pattern (Human coronavirus HKU-1, human parainfluenza virus 3 and 4) were found in the air one week before or concurrent with the first detection in paper tissue samples. The presence and concentration of pathogens in the air was best predicted by the pathogen load of the most infectious case. However, air pathogen concentrations also correlated with the number of attendees with infections. Detection and concentration in the air were associated with CO₂ concentration, a marker of ventilation and occupancy.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Our results suggest that air sampling could provide sensitive, responsive epidemiological indicators for the surveillance of respiratory pathogens. Using air CO₂ concentrations to normalise such signals emerges as a promising approach.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>KU Leuven; DURABLE project, under the EU4Health Programme of the European Commission; Thermo Fisher Scientific.</p>","PeriodicalId":11494,"journal":{"name":"EBioMedicine","volume":"112 ","pages":"105512"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}