Earth and Planetary Science Letters最新文献

{"title":"Petrogenesis of cogenetic silica-undersaturated and -oversaturated rocks: Quantifying the role of crustal assimilation","authors":"Caroline R. Soderman ,&nbsp;Owen M. Weller ,&nbsp;Alex Copley ,&nbsp;Adrian A. Finch ,&nbsp;Charles D. Beard","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crustal assimilation during fractional crystallisation is commonly proposed as a mechanism to generate evolved silica-oversaturated (i.e. quartz normative) rocks alongside cogenetic silica-undersaturated (i.e. feldspathoid normative) rocks. However, the amount of required assimilation, and the impact of varying crystallisation parameters (e.g. pressure, oxygen fugacity), remain poorly understood, despite a petrogenetic framework for these cogenetic rocks being necessary for understanding their varied magmatic critical metal enrichment. Here we apply new thermodynamic models to a case study of the Younger Giant Dyke Complex in south Greenland, a layered intrusive complex with cogenetic evolved silica-undersaturated and -oversaturated rocks, to explore quantitatively the role of these processes during fractionation and assimilation. A range of assimilation scenarios is explored, alongside thermal and isotopic perspectives on these scenarios. Our calculations show that a phase equilibria approach can tightly constrain assimilant amounts (e.g. 0–≤<!--> <!-->15% assimilation by mass of country rock granite in this complex), because of the narrow compositional range that divides silica-undersaturated from silica-oversaturated melts, whereas thermal and isotopic approaches may permit wider ranges of assimilation estimates because their model input parameters tend to be more variable. In general, silica-undersaturated primitive melts crystallising at more reduced conditions and/or higher pressures require more crustal assimilation to become silica-oversaturated. Consequently, the formation of evolved silica-undersaturated rocks is favoured when fractionation occurs at lower oxygen fugacity and higher pressures, because magmas are more protected from the effects of assimilation. Understanding such behaviour may be an important part of decoding why some alkaline-silicate complexes develop high concentrations of critical metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 119516"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Venusian rifts and their interactions with plumes and intrusions","authors":"Anna J.P. Gülcher ,&nbsp;Michael Gurnis ,&nbsp;Suzanne E. Smrekar","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The surface of Venus features extensive rift zones, known as chasmata, up to 10,000 km in length. Many of Venus' rifts exhibit intersecting branches, multiple troughs, and associations with coronae, which are often interpreted as small-scale mantle upwellings. With no Earth-like plate tectonics, the driving forces and rates of extension and lithospheric structure are poorly constrained. Here, we present the first 3D numerical models of rift tectonics under Venus-like conditions. We investigate the impact of crustal rheology (wet vs. dry diabase) and the thickness of the crust and lithosphere on rift geometry, topography, and surface fracturing. We further explore interactions between evolving rift structures and thermal upwellings (plumes) and magmatic intrusions – key components of Venus' global geodynamics. We find that rift morphology is highly sensitive to crustal rheology and lithospheric properties, with five modes of rift morphologies predicted: (1) narrow, (2) multiple, (3) wide-troughs, (4) wide-valley, and (5) branching; the multiple, wide-troughs, and branching modes align most closely with Venus observations. Underplated thermal plumes induce lower-crustal intrusions and cause localized lithospheric weakening, narrowing the rift regionally. Many coronae located within chasmata display arcuate trenches and may require alternative mechanisms or conditions to explain their rift morphology. Lateral offsets of rift valleys, branching from a single rift into multiple, and multiple parallel rift valleys are promoted by a relatively weak crust (wet diabase) or a strong crust (dry diabase) combined with a thin, warm lithosphere. If Venus' crust follows a dry diabase rheology, a significantly warm and thin lithosphere is required to reproduce observed rift characteristics. Some first-order differences in rift morphology across Venus may result from spatial or temporal variations in crustal and lithospheric properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 119514"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced deoxygenation and carbon storage in the mid-depth subarctic Pacific during the Bølling-Allerød","authors":"Qian Li ,&nbsp;Qingping Li ,&nbsp;Min-Te Chen ,&nbsp;Shouwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianjun Zou ,&nbsp;Xuefa Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reconstructing changes in ocean carbon reservoir is essential for understanding how oceans regulate atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluctuations. It has been considered that large amounts of CO₂ were released from the deep subarctic Pacific during the Bølling-Allerød (BA). However, this is inconsistent with the slowing or pausing of atmospheric CO₂ rise throughout the BA. On this issue, an increase of carbon storage in the mid-depth subarctic Pacific is speculated, more geological reconstructions are needed to confirm it. Here, we present magnetofossils and redox-sensitive trace elements records from core LV63–41–2 retrieved from the mid-depth western subarctic Pacific to reconstruct the paleo-redox conditions and carbon storage changes spanning the last deglaciation. The significantly increased proportion of elongated magnetofossils and the enrichment of authigenic U are identified during the BA, consistently indicating lower oxygen concentration in the overlying bottom water and sediment pore water. This BA deoxygenation was widespread across mid-depth subarctic Pacific areas and could reflect increased respired dissolved inorganic carbon storage. Furthermore, the low-oxygen sedimentary environment would facilitate more organic carbon to be buried in sediments. The increases in respired carbon storage and organic carbon burial in the mid-depth subarctic Pacific might have slowed BA atmospheric CO₂ rise. This study highlights the significant application value of magnetofossils in reconstructing paleo-redox conditions in the subarctic Pacific and points out the important role of the mid-depth subarctic Pacific in regulating atmospheric CO₂ fluctuations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 119529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of a Mid-Miocene geomagnetic reversal","authors":"Liz van Grinsven ,&nbsp;Annemarieke Béguin ,&nbsp;Klaudia F. Kuiper ,&nbsp;Lennart V. de Groot","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Earth’s magnetic field reverses its polarity non-periodically. Despite the large number of reversals in the magnetostratigraphic record, the geometry of the Earth’s magnetic field and the mechanisms driving reversals are still largely enigmatic. On the one hand, this is because the more readily available sedimentary records lack temporal resolution to record the rapid field changes during a reversal, and on the other hand because the volcanic data records -that may have the necessary temporal resolution- are dependent on volcanic eruption frequency and much more difficult to find. Here we produce a geomagnetic record with high temporal resolution that formed during the shield-building phase on Gran Canaria, Spain. Furthermore, we provide five radio-isotope age constraints for the section containing a mid-Miocene geomagnetic reversal. Our full-vector geomagnetic record is one of the most detailed records of a reversal to date. Surprisingly, we find that in the most reliable part of our record of the reversal the declination reverses only once, while the inclination flips at least five times. Lastly, we interpret this record as a combination of a geocentric axial dipole and non-axial dipole fields and show that the contributions of the non-axial dipole field can be relatively strong.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 119464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid thermal resetting of clumped isotope in coral aragonite","authors":"Yuhe Guo ,&nbsp;Yangrui Guo ,&nbsp;Wenfeng Deng ,&nbsp;Gangjian Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119519","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Biogenic aragonite serves as a critical archive of geological signals, and its clumped isotope analysis can provide paleoenvironmental information. However, the thermal resetting of clumped isotope (Δ&lt;sub&gt;47&lt;/sub&gt;) presents a major challenge, especially in deep-time carbonate samples subjected to diagenetic alteration or burial heating. Laboratory heating experiments and kinetic modeling offer important insights into constraining the initial clumped isotope composition and thermal history of carbonates. Thermal resetting has been extensively studied in calcite, dolomite, and apatite. However, mineralogical phase transitions during heating, and the resulting multiphase mixtures complicate the fitting of heating experiment data to thermally reset kinetic models for aragonite. Here, we present heating experiments designed to evaluate the thermal resetting kinetic parameters of aragonite prior to phase transitions. We treated coral aragonite materials in three forms—fragmented, powdered, and oxidized and heat them at 120–240 °C—to evaluate the role of different types of internal water on thermal resetting. We observed a rapid decrease in the Δ&lt;sub&gt;47&lt;/sub&gt; values of aragonite during the initial stage of the experimental heating, which slowed significantly around 40 min. Meanwhile, we observed a decrease in oxygen isotope values during heating suggesting the isotopic exchanges between the internal water and the solid carbonate. We observed no significant difference in the thermal resetting rates between fragmented coral and powdered coral; however, oxidized coral thermal resetting rate exhibited limited acceleration compared to the other two sample types. We infer that the limited accelerated thermal resetting rate in oxidized aragonite may be due to the partial removal of organic matter during oxidative pretreatment, which increases the surface-to-volume ratio, facilitating the migration of internal water—potentially sourced from nanoscale organic-associated water or structural water—through newly formed microfractures and microchannels. The thermal resetting kinetic parameters of coral aragonite were derived by fitting the heating data to the disordered kinetic model. The mean activation energy (μ&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;/sub&gt;) is 132.0 ± 12.4 kJ mol⁻¹, the activation energy distribution width (σ&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;/sub&gt;) is 10.9 ± 0.7 kJ mol⁻¹, and the pre-exponential factor (ν&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;) is 30.5 ± 3.6 min⁻¹. To better understand the long-term behavior, we simulated the thermal history of coral aragonite across a temperature range of 20–200 °C. The simulations indicate that, at temperatures above 100 °C, the Δ&lt;sub&gt;47&lt;/sub&gt; values of coral aragonite reach complete equilibrium within one year. Meanwhile, below 50 °C, the clumped isotope signal of coral aragonite is susceptible to alteration. These results suggest that the use of coral aragonite clumped isotopes in deep-time studies should be approached with caution. However, coral aragonite’s high sensitivity to therma","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 119519"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling topographic and climatic controls on glacier length: A case study in the tropical Colombian Andes","authors":"Joel A. Wilner ,&nbsp;Alice M. Doughty ,&nbsp;Meredith A. Kelly ,&nbsp;Mathieu Morlighem","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reconstructing past climate from moraine records is complicated by the influence of non-climatic factors, particularly topography, on glacier extent. Such topographic controls have been widely identified in the literature, but a systematic quantitative assessment of their effects on glacier extent is lacking. Here, we investigate the relative influence of topographic and climatic factors on tropical glacier length variability in the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Colombia using a coupled ice-flow–energy-balance glacier model. Employing a parameter sweep over 450 topographic scenarios and 40 climatic scenarios for a total of 18,000 unique topo-climatic scenarios, we identify a critical transition in glacier length around 5<!--> <!-->°C to 6<!--> <!-->°C below modern temperature where variability in inter-valley glacier length shifts from headwall elevation-controlled to valley slope-controlled. We show through a relative weights analysis that, for this particular topo-climatic parameter space, climate accounts for 84% of the modeled variability in glacier length, while topography contributes 16%. Among climatic variables, temperature plays a more dominant role than precipitation, and headwall elevation influences glacier length most of any topographic variable. After accounting for all possible combinations of parameter subsets, we find that a sizable portion of topo-climatic scenarios (22%) yields glacier lengths dominated by topographic factors rather than climatic factors. These findings highlight the complex interplay between climate and topography, demonstrating that topography, though typically secondary to climate, has a notable impact on glacier length in this particular glacier regime. As such, this study provides a framework for quantifying the relative contributions of climate and topography to glacier evolution, critical for interpreting past glacier extents and predicting future changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 119511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping gully-susceptible hillslopes on Mars: implications for their mode of formation and evolution","authors":"A. Noblet ,&nbsp;G.R. Osinski ,&nbsp;S.J. Conway","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Martian gullies display spatial patterns according to latitude, topography, and substrate properties that have been used to provide constraints on formation hypotheses. In this study we generate a map of gully-susceptible terrains across the mid-latitudes of Mars by defining the slope, aspect, and thermal inertia conditions that most gullied hillslopes possess. We mapped all terrains in the midlatitudes that possess these distributive conditions. Our map describes the general distribution of gullies well, and we found 331 previously unidentified gullied hillslopes on gully-susceptible terrains. However, the favorable distributive conditions for gullies cover an area 3 times greater than that of gullied hillslopes, and 79.1 % of these terrains do not display gullies. Correlation between gully-lacking terrains and regions with a high concentration of viscous flow features suggest that gully formation is hindered by topographically forced climates in these regions that either inhibit production of liquid water runoff via melting or the condensation of CO₂ on the surface. We found that gully-lacking regions are not constrained to specifically high or low dust index regions and we suggest that gully and dust distribution are co-incidental effects of atmospheric circulation patterns. Lastly, we observed depressions on gully-lacking hillslopes consistent in morphology with buried gully alcoves, and we propose that these features correspond to ancient gully alcoves that have been buried by glacial deposits, which implies that these potential gullies were formed &gt;5–10 Myr ago.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 119515"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic controls on nitrogen cycling and ocean ventilation dynamics in the Late Cretaceous equatorial Atlantic","authors":"Yong Du ,&nbsp;Huyue Song ,&nbsp;Thomas J. Algeo ,&nbsp;Lei Zhong ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Haijun Song","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Late Cretaceous opening of the Equatorial Atlantic Gateway (EAG) fundamentally reshaped oceanic circulation and biogeochemical cycles. Extensive studies have focused on nitrogen dynamics during the Cenomanian-Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE-2), showing globally reduced nitrogen isotope (δ¹⁵N) values (&lt;0 ‰) under ammonium-dominated conditions. However, the post-OAE-2 evolution of nitrogen cycling during the progressive deepening and widening of the EAG remains enigmatic. Here, we investigate changes in nutrient cycling and paleoceanographic conditions in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean during the Late Cretaceous to early Danian (∼102–65 Ma) based on newly generated bulk-sediment δ¹⁵N from ODP Site 1258 (western equatorial Atlantic), integrated with existing data from other Demerara Rise sites. Our dataset reveals a two-phase nitrogen-cycle transition directly tied to EAG's tectonic development. The first phase, recorded in organic-rich sediments of Cenomanian-Santonian age (Unit IV), exhibit low δ¹⁵N values (ca. −2 ‰), reflecting an ammonium-dominated nitrogen cycle in a restricted oceanic environment. The exceptionally high total organic carbon (TOC) content (5–15 %) and C_org/N ratios (&gt;30) indicate intense ammonium recycling within a nutrient trap, which led to high productivity and efficient organic matter preservation under euxinic conditions. The second phase is recorded by a stepwise increase of δ¹⁵N from +4 ‰ to +9 ‰ during the Campanian–Maastrichtian stages, marking the shift to a nitrate-dominated nitrogen cycle driven by enhanced deep-water ventilation and partial denitrification in expanding oxygen-minimum zones. This shift correlates with declining TOC (0.08–0.25 %) and C_org/N ratios (&lt;5), indicating weakened nutrient retention and strengthened regional vertical mixing following opening of the EAG. The observed nitrogen-cycle reorganization correlates with a critical tectonic threshold (Δ_lat &gt; 6.1 ± 0.1° and Δ_long &gt; 13.9 ± 1.5°, i.e., the cumulative latitudinal and longitudinal rift extension in the equatorial Atlantic) derived from plate reconstructions, beyond which sustained deep-water circulation initiated deep-ocean ventilation. Our findings establish the EAG’s tectonic pacing as the key driver of a fundamental transition to a nitrate-dominated nitrogen cycle in the nascent Atlantic Ocean, resolving the long-standing enigma of post-OAE-2 nitrogen-cycle evolution and mechanistically linking Late Cretaceous deep-ocean oxygenation to the emergence of modern OMZ-driven nitrogen cycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 119517"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraining 200 million years of geodynamic evolution of the North Alpine foreland at million-year resolution using clumped isotopes and U-Pb dating of diagenetic carbonates","authors":"Nathan Looser ,&nbsp;Lukas Aschwanden ,&nbsp;Stephan Wohlwend ,&nbsp;Marcel Guillong ,&nbsp;Jörg Rickli ,&nbsp;Raphael Schneeberger ,&nbsp;Stefano M. Bernasconi","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A promising approach for the reconstruction of the geodynamic and thermal evolution of sedimentary basins is to exploit the information on temperature, pore fluid composition, and time recorded by diagenetic carbonates formed at different stages in the geological history of a basin. However, it has not yet been shown if diagenetic carbonates can provide near-continuous or even continuous records across 100 Ma timescales. Here, we constrain the geodynamic evolution of the North Alpine Foreland of Switzerland over the last 200 million years at unprecedented resolution using coupled clumped isotope thermometry and U-Pb dating of diagenetic carbonates (Δ₄₇/(U-Pb) thermochronometry). This is made possible by recent analytical progress enabling precise analysis of small carbonate cements and deep drill cores covering the entire sedimentary record over the last ∼250 Ma. For a first interval of basin subsidence in the Mesozoic, we constrain the temperature and fluid evolution during early diagenesis and burial in the Early and Middle Jurassic and report a thermal anomaly between the Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous with high basal heat flow which we relate to hydrothermal fluid circulation along deep-rooted basement fault systems. Our findings suggest that such basement fault systems, even if not hydrologically connected to the overlaying strata, may explain anomalously high burial temperatures in sedimentary basins. For exhumation and a second interval of basin subsidence in the Cenozoic, we constrain the time of occurrence and amount of major erosion related to the early-stage Alpine orogeny during Paleogene and document the evolution of burial temperature and pore fluids at the distal margin of the Molasse Basin between the Late Oligocene and Late Miocene. Finally, we show that the formation of the Jura fold-and-thrust belt between Middle and Late Miocene resulted in a complex arrangement with overlapping regional and site-specific effects controlling burial temperature and fluid circulation and provide new constraints on the timing and the amount of erosion of the Molasse Basin at its distal margin during the Pliocene. The presented Δ₄₇/(U-Pb) dataset represents a new benchmark in temporal and stratigraphic resolution and demonstrates the potential of diagenetic carbonates to provide near-continuous records of the geodynamic evolution of sedimentary basins across 100 Ma timescales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 119410"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mafic magmatism triggered the Mesoproterozoic oxygenation event: Re-Os-PGE evidence from the Xiamaling Formation in North China and Velkerri Formation in North Australia","authors":"Xuli Yang ,&nbsp;Zhuyin Chu ,&nbsp;Shuanhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongjie Tang ,&nbsp;Peng Peng ,&nbsp;Taiping Zhao ,&nbsp;Ji-Feng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is widely recognized that oxygen levels may have transiently elevated around 1.4 Ga on Earth's surface. However, the specific drivers of this oxidation event remain unclear. This study presents new data on Re-Os and Sm-Nd isotopes, PGE concentrations, and major and trace elementsfor the Xiamaling Formation in the Yanliao Basin (North China Craton) and the formerly adjacent Velkerri Formation in the MacArthur Basin (North Australian Craton). The Re-Os isochron ages are 1388 ± 20 Ma and 1386 ± 7 Ma for Xiamaling and 1396 ± 41 Ma and 1384 ± 12 Ma for Velkerri, indicating nearly synchronous deposition. The initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios (0.14 ± 0.09 and 0.24 ± 0.02 for Xiamaling; 0.17 ± 0.28 and 0.21 ± 0.08 for Velkerri), which may reflect the seawater values at the time of deposition, are only slightly higher than mantle value (∼0.127). These low ratios are likely attributable to large-scale mafic magmatism. Positive ε_Nd(t) values further support global mafic magmatism during this period. Model calculations estimate ∼9 × 10⁶ t of mantle-derived Os to lower seawater ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os from ∼0.5 to ∼0.2 over approximately 12 million years, requiring ∼3–9.7 × 10⁷ km³ of magmatism. Increased phosphorus and TOC content suggest that mafic rock weathering boosted oceanic phosphorus, promoting primary productivity and organic carbon burial, thereby driving the oxygenation event. Our findings demonstrate how Re-Os isotopes and PGE can provide crucial insights into the connection between deep magmatic processes and surface environmental changes, such as shifts in atmospheric oxygen levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 119512"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}