Eating behaviors最新文献

{"title":"Disordered eating, exercise dependence, body dissatisfaction, and fueling practices in female CrossFit® and CrossFit® plus endurance participants","authors":"Alyssum Reno-Smith ,&nbsp;Matt Green ,&nbsp;Kelly Pritchett ,&nbsp;Lauren Killen ,&nbsp;Scott Lyons ,&nbsp;Lee Renfroe","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Disordered eating (DE) is primarily observed in endurance athletes and sports that emphasize aesthetics. However, DE prevalence, exercise dependence (EXD), body dissatisfaction, and fueling habits in resistance-trained individuals—particularly CrossFit® athletes—are not well understood. CrossFit® promotes a culture that encourages strong, athletic, and muscular bodies. Both CrossFit® and endurance athletes often strive for low body fat percentages to enhance performance, which may contribute to body dissatisfaction, EXD, and eating concerns. This cross-sectional study investigated DE prevalence and its associations with EXD risk, body dissatisfaction, and fueling habits in female CrossFit®-only (CO) versus CrossFit® plus endurance (CE) athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>n</em> = 325) completed a Qualtrics survey assessing DE, EXD, body dissatisfaction, and fueling practices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Across the sample, 37.2 % of participants were at risk for DE, and 84.6 % were classified as symptomatic for EXD. CO athletes were at a significantly greater risk (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) for both DE and EXD compared with CE athletes. Athletes at risk for DE were significantly more likely to be symptomatic for EXD, train more days per week, report a stronger desire for muscularity, and follow specific dietary patterns to attain an ideal body.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Given the high prevalence of DE and EXD among female CrossFit® athletes, incorporating both screening tools is an important step in the initial evaluation process for Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronutrient status among patients diagnosed with eating disorders","authors":"Merel Lelieveld ,&nbsp;Alexandra E. Dingemans ,&nbsp;Margarita C.T. Slof-Op ’t Landt","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Micronutrients are essential for physiological functioning, and deficiencies may lead to adverse health outcomes. As micronutrient intake depends entirely on dietary consumption, individuals with eating disorders (EDs) are particularly vulnerable to developing deficiencies. Although numerous studies have investigated micronutrient status in individuals with EDs, findings remain inconsistent, sample sizes are often limited, and most research has focused primarily on anorexia nervosa (AN). This observational cross-sectional study aimed to examine micronutrient levels in blood across multiple ED subtypes and compare these findings with a healthy control group.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Micronutrient levels (vitamin B1, B6, B12, D, folic acid and magnesium) were assessed in 157 patients (60 with AN, 26 with bulimia nervosa [BN], 28 with binge-eating disorder [BED] and 43 with other specified feeding or eating disorder [OSFED]) who started treatment between 2017 and 2018 and 66 controls (matched on sex, age and education level). Levels were compared between the five groups (oneway ANOVA, post-hoc Games-Howell test).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients with BED had significantly lower folic acid levels compared to controls as well as patients with AN, BN and OSFED. No significant group differences were observed for any other micronutrient.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study showed that BED was associated with folic acid deficiency. Furthermore, it underscores the potential value of monitoring micronutrient status across all ED subtypes. Given the crucial role of micronutrients in human health, further research involving diverse ED populations, robust control groups, and larger sample sizes is essential to identify consistent patterns and prevent potential health complications associated with EDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body image flexibility and inflexibility predict intuitive eating: A prospective study in adolescents and emerging adults","authors":"Anna L. Brichacek ,&nbsp;James T. Neill ,&nbsp;Kristen Murray ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Rieger","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Young people frequently experience body image threats, and how they cope with these has implications for eating behaviour. Responding flexibly to threats (i.e., openly experiencing negative body-related thoughts and feelings while connecting with a broader sense of self and personal values) may promote adaptive eating behaviours, whereas inflexibility (i.e., resisting uncomfortable experiences and disconnecting from important areas of life) could be detrimental. However, evidence for their roles in predicting intuitive eating is mixed, and research has yet to explore how disordered eating might alter such relationships. To address this gap, this study examined body image flexibility and inflexibility as predictors of intuitive eating components and explored whether eating disorder pathology moderated these relationships. Australian adolescents and emerging adults completed an online survey at two timepoints, Wave 1 (W1; <em>N</em> = 1035) and Wave 2 (W2; <em>N</em> = 351) five months later. Conditional process models indicated that W1 body image flexibility and inflexibility predicted higher and lower W2 reliance on internal eating cues, respectively, with inflexibility also predicting lower levels of W2 eating for physical reasons. Eating disorder pathology did not moderate these effects. Results support the benefits of flexible forms of responding to body image threats, such as by noticing and separating from negative thoughts and engaging in valued activities, instead of trying to avoid or reduce distress, to promote adaptive eating behaviour in young people including those with disordered eating. Future studies should examine the feasibility of integrating these coping strategies within eating disorder prevention and among clinical samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appetizing food cues most consistently relate to men's same-day loss of control eating","authors":"Nichole R. Kelly ,&nbsp;Derek Kosty ,&nbsp;Elizabeth W. Cotter","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experiencing loss of control (LOC) while eating is distressing to men and associated with many negative outcomes. Yet, investigations of LOC eating have focused on women. Some data suggest the factors that contribute to the onset and maintenance of these behaviors differ for men. The current study explored whether specific stressors, body dissatisfaction, dieting, hunger, food cravings, and food exposure were associated with same- and next-day LOC eating in young men. Participants included 41 men (18-35y; Mage = 25.4 ± 5.4) who reported engaging in 4 ≥ LOC eating episodes in the prior month. They completed a 14-day ecological momentary assessment protocol. The following predicted higher odds of same-day LOC eating: seeing/smelling appetizing foods; seeing other people eat/prepare appetizing foods; hearing other people talk about appetizing foods; ease of access to appetizing food; and problems with family members and money (odds ratios ≥1.43, <em>p</em>s ≤ 0.0382). The following predicted next-day LOC eating: craving one or more foods; seeing other people eat/prepare appetizing foods; hearing other people talk about appetizing foods; and problems with family members and physical pain (odds ratios ≥1.54, <em>ps</em> ≤ 0.0430). Problems with school/work, friends, and romantic relationships, dieting, hunger, and body dissatisfaction were not significantly associated with same- or next-day LOC eating. After applying a Benjamini-Hochberg correction, only seeing other people eat/prepare appetizing foods was associated with higher odds of same-day LOC eating (<em>p</em> corrected = 0.0136); all next-day associations were non-significant. Data suggest that exposure to appetizing foods in various forms may be the experience most closely related to young men's risk for LOC eating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145676673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interoceptive mechanisms of a mobile heart rate variability biofeedback app for eating disorder symptoms: Proof-of-concept findings","authors":"Janell L. Mensinger","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Recent US-based datasets (Ns &gt; 1000) show over 1-in-4 adults suffer from clinically significant eating disorder (ED) symptoms. Methods for preventing subthreshold problems from becoming full-threshold EDs are needed. An 8-week, single-arm feasibility study of a mobile heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) app supported strong acceptability and preliminary efficacy for reducing ED symptoms. The present study investigated potential mechanisms of change from pre- to post-intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Participants were 24 healthcare workers recruited during the COVID-19 pandemic who scored in the clinically significant range on the Loss of Control Eating Scale-Brief (LOCES-Brief) (92 % female, 83 % non-Hispanic white, Mean age = 42; SD = 11.8). Measures included the eight subscales from the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2 (MAIA-2) for interoceptive sensibility, and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire 7-item Short (EDE-Q7) and LOCES-Brief for ED symptoms. Mediation analyses were conducted using the MEMORE macro for repeated measures, with indirect effects evaluated via 95 % Monte Carlo confidence intervals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant indirect effects on EDE-Q7 scores were found for MAIA-2 ‘<em>noticing</em>’, ‘<em>attention-regulation</em>’, ‘<em>emotional-awareness</em>’, ‘<em>self-regulation</em>’, and ‘<em>body-listening</em>’ subscales. ‘<em>Not-worrying</em>’, ‘<em>not-distracting</em>’, and ‘<em>trusting</em>’ did not significantly mediate EDE-Q7 changes. For LOCES-Brief, significant indirect effects were found for ‘trusting’. No other MAIA-2 subscales showed statistically significant indirect effects for LOCES-Brief.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings suggest HRV biofeedback may reduce ED symptoms by enhancing interoceptive skills. These results support further investigation into biofeedback as a low-cost, scalable intervention for populations at risk for EDs. Future studies should evaluate fully powered controlled efficacy trials of mobile HRVB as a preventive strategy for eating and body-related mental health concerns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102060"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A few clicks away: Emotional eating, but not external and restrained eating, predicts online food delivery use","authors":"Francantonio Devoto ,&nbsp;Carol Coricelli ,&nbsp;Margaux Girati ,&nbsp;Laura Zapparoli","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Online Food Delivery (OFD) services have grown rapidly in popularity, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. While these platforms offer substantial convenience, their association with the increased consumption of energy-dense foods has raised public health concerns. To date, research on OFD use has focused on sociodemographic or lifestyle factors, with relatively little attention given to psychological determinants.</div><div>The present study addressed this gap by examining whether individual differences in eating styles - emotional, external, and restrained eating - predict OFD use beyond basic sociodemographic variables, and whether these effects interact with body mass index (BMI).</div><div>Eighty-one adult participants completed an online survey assessing OFD use patterns and eating styles using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analyses tested the incremental predictive value of sociodemographics, eating styles, and eating style × BMI interactions in predicting OFD use.</div><div>Results indicated that people who identified as female and individuals with higher BMI reported more frequent use of OFD. Notably, emotional eating emerged as a significant positive predictor of OFD use, even after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and other eating styles. External and restrained eating was unrelated to OFD behavior. Eating styles did not interact with BMI in predicting OFD use.</div><div>These findings highlight emotional eating as a key psychological driver of OFD use, suggesting that emotional eaters may rely on such platforms as a coping mechanism for emotional distress. Future research should consider the role of state-level variables and explore potential associations between different eating styles and categories of food ordered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More than just awareness: Longitudinal evaluation of an eating disorders training program for school counselors","authors":"Hakan Öğütlü ,&nbsp;Uğur Tekeoğlu ,&nbsp;Fiona McNicholas","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Eating disorders (EDs) are complex psychiatric conditions that often remain undetected in school settings. School counselors (SCs), as frontline observers, may play an important role in early recognition and referral. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a training program designed to support SCs' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding EDs in Türkiye.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were obtained from forty-nine SCs from Erzincan, Türkiye, who had previously provided baseline data (T0) and participated in a longitudinal study with two additional assessment time points: post-training (T1) and three-month follow-up (T2). The training consisted of a full-day, primarily didactic seminar incorporating clinical vignettes. Participants' recognition knowledge, referral preferences, attitudes, and stigma levels were assessed using a structured, study-specific questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The training led to a short-term increase in preference for hospital-based referral (T0: 61%, T1: 83%, <em>p</em> = .005), but this effect diminished at follow-up (T2: 67%). Knowledge about anorexia nervosa also improved post-training but declined significantly by T2. No significant changes were observed in correct diagnostic recognition, referral to a psychiatrist, or most attitudinal measures. Total stigma scores increased immediately after training (T0: 30.7, T1: 34.1, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), partially decreasing at follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A didactic, vignette-based training program was associated with temporary changes in selected knowledge domains and referral preferences, but these effects were not sustained. The absence of improvement in diagnostic recognition and the short-term increase in stigma highlight the limitations of brief, information-focused approaches. Future studies may explore whether more interactive, empathy-focused, and repeated training formats are associated with more durable and balanced outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating bidirectional relationships between Instagram “addiction” and eating disorder symptoms","authors":"Mariel Messer ,&nbsp;Claudia Liu ,&nbsp;Hannah K. Jarman ,&nbsp;Cleo Anderson ,&nbsp;Jake Linardon","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Social media use has been implicated in the development and maintenance of eating disorder (ED) symptoms, yet most existing research has focused on general social media engagement rather than addictive patterns of use. This study expands that work by examining <em>Instagram</em>—a widely used social media platform—and the role of <em>Instagram addiction</em>, defined as a compulsive and dysregulated pattern of engagement, in ED symptoms. Additionally, prior research has largely assumed that social media use precedes ED symptoms, despite the theoretical plausibility of a bidirectional relationship. This study aimed to examine prospective, bidirectional associations between Instagram addiction and core ED symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A prospective study was conducted with 1710 adult women (<em>M</em> = 33.76 years; <em>SD</em> = 9.25, range = 18–80) recruited from an online self-help platform for EDs. Participants completed self-report measures of Instagram addiction, binge eating severity, inflexible dieting, and overvaluation of weight and shape. Cross-lagged panel models were estimated to assess bidirectional associations at Time 1 (T1; baseline) and Time 2 (T2; 3-month follow-up).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant, positive, and bidirectional relationships were observed between Instagram addiction and both binge eating and inflexible dieting. In contrast, only a unidirectional association was found between T1 overvaluation and T2 Instagram addiction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings provide novel evidence of potential feedback loops between specific ED symptoms and Instagram addiction. Results highlight the importance of integrating strategies to address problematic Instagram use within ED prevention and treatment efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 102047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minority stress and eating pathology among sexual minority undergraduate women","authors":"An Pham ,&nbsp;Taryn Henning ,&nbsp;Junpei Tarashi ,&nbsp;Chelsea Derlan Williams ,&nbsp;Suzanne Mazzeo","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to compare eating pathology between heterosexual and sexual minority (SM) undergraduate women and explore the relation between eating pathology and minority stress in SM undergraduate women. Undergraduate women at a Southeastern university (<em>N</em> = 547; 38 % SM, 62 % heterosexual) completed a one-time online survey (2023–2024) measuring eating pathology, internalized stigma, and stigma concealment. We analyzed descriptive statistics and Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVAS). SM undergraduate women reported more body dissatisfaction and shape/weight overvaluation (<em>p</em> &lt; .001) and no difference in dietary restraint (<em>p</em> = .78) compared with their heterosexual counterparts. For SM undergraduate women, dietary restraint was linked to stigma concealment (<em>p</em> &lt; .05). These findings suggest that although SM undergraduate women experience unique stressors related to eating pathology, they are at similar risk of restrictive eating pathology to heterosexual undergraduate women. In addition to typical university life stressors, providers should be aware of the potential impact of stigma on SM female students' eating behaviors/cognitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 102031"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociation between wanting and liking for high-calorie foods across physiological states in restrained eating subgroups","authors":"Xiaowei Xie ,&nbsp;Hong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.102048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Restrained eaters are individuals who chronically attempt to restrict caloric intake for weight loss or maintenance. However, only a minority of this population sustains long-term dietary control. Based on the conceptual separation between motivational wanting (cue-driven desire) and hedonic liking (consumption pleasure) proposed by the incentive-sensitization theory, this study investigated differences in food reward processing between low-disinhibited restrained eaters (LD-REs, <em>n</em> = 29) and high-disinhibited restrained eaters (HD-REs, <em>n</em> = 30). By assessing changes in wanting and liking ratings for high-calorie snacks under hunger and satiety states, we identified significantly distinct reward processing patterns between groups. Specifically, HD-REs exhibited higher wanting ratings than LD-REs across both physiological states, despite comparable liking ratings between groups. Crucially, during the transition from hunger to satiety, LD-REs demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in wanting than HD-REs, while liking changes showed no significant group difference. These results suggest that dysregulation in restrained eating is primarily associated with an imbalance in the motivational component of food reward, rather than the hedonic component. This study provides preliminary behavioral evidence highlighting distinct food reward patterns between LD-REs and HD-REs subgroups, contributing to a more nuanced theoretical framework for understanding individual differences in eating behavior regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 102048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145444036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}