Eating behaviors最新文献

{"title":"Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and diet quality among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participating adults","authors":"Yarisbel Melo Herrera,&nbsp;Emily Elenio,&nbsp;Alison Tovar,&nbsp;Maya K. Vadiveloo","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultra-processed food (UPF) intake is linked to poor health, though some subgroups may offer affordable, nutritious options. Few studies have examined how UPF consumption—overall and by subgroup—relates to diet quality among populations with low income. We evaluated UPF subgroup intake and associations with diet quality among adults participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Rhode Island (RI) and Connecticut (CT) participants (n = 1244, 92% female, 58% food insecure) completed an online sociodemographic survey and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We categorized food codes (n = 301) using NOVA, and developed thirteen UPF subgroups within NOVA group 4. We calculated UPF intake (total %kcal and by subgroup) and evaluated diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020). We performed Kruskal-Wallis and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests to compare total and UPF subgroup consumption across Total HEI-2020 tertiles. Mean Total HEI-2020 score was 63.9 ± 11.5. While higher total UPF intake was associated with lower Total HEI-2020 scores, associations between subgroups and diet quality differed. Ultra-processed refined grains, sugar-sweetened beverages, and ready-to-eat/heat mixed dishes were associated with lower Total HEI-2020 scores, whereas whole grains, yogurt, and plant-based products were associated with higher Total HEI-2020 scores. UPFs are heterogeneous, with select subgroups associated with higher diet quality in a sample of SNAP-participating adults. As policymakers consider SNAP UPF waivers and restrictions, accounting for subgroup differences will be imperative to avoid unintentionally restricting access to foods that support higher diet quality among individuals with low income.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148776658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facets of mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and eating disorder symptoms: A network analysis","authors":"Olivia Marie Soliman,&nbsp;Mariel Messer,&nbsp;Robyn Moffitt,&nbsp;Jake Linardon","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is an effective treatment for eating disorders (EDs), teaching three skills to overcome maladaptive eating behaviours – mindfulness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance. Although research has demonstrated that each of these skills are independently protective against ED symptoms, no research has explored their interconnectedness. This limits our understanding of which facets are most strongly and uniquely related to various ED symptoms. Thus, the present study (<em>n</em> = 1136) employed a cross-sectional network approach to identify which DBT skills were most central (i.e. the most strongly connected to other variables in the network), and which skills acted as bridges between DBT skills and ED symptoms. Under emotion regulation, negative urgency was negatively associated with binge eating, self-compassion was negatively associated with body dissatisfaction, and psychological inflexibility was positively associated with restriction. Under mindfulness, acting with awareness was negatively associated with binge eating. Moreover, binge-eating, negative urgency, and self-compassion emerged as key bridging symptoms between DBT skills and ED symptoms. Findings suggest that emotion regulation difficulties, particularly negative urgency, psychological inflexibility, low self-compassion, and low acting with awareness, may be especially relevant to ED symptoms, whereas other mindfulness and distress tolerance skills demonstrated comparatively weaker direct associations. Self-compassion in particular emerged as an important construct in the overall network, demonstrating high centrality across strength and betweenness indices, and was identified as a bridge node between DBT skills and ED symptoms. Explicitly targeting self-compassion within DBT protocols may be useful for more reducing prominent ED symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148776659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between food insecurity, food insufficiency, and disordered eating behaviors among U.S. adolescents","authors":"Jessica L. Caouette,&nbsp;Claire E. Branley,&nbsp;Melissa Goulding,&nbsp;Shao-Hsien Liu,&nbsp;Stephenie C. Lemon","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) are common among adolescents and are associated with an increased risk for clinical eating disorders. Using 2022–2023 National Survey of Children's Health data, we examined associations between food insecurity and food insufficiency and DEBs among U.S. adolescents aged 10–17 years. We hypothesized that adolescents experiencing food insecurity and food insufficiency would have higher rates of overall DEBs, compensatory behaviors, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) behaviors, and binge eating behavior. Using modified Poisson regression models on a weighted sample (<em>n</em> = 42,844, representing 30,303,175 adolescents), we estimated crude and adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall DEBs, compensatory behaviors, ARFID behaviors, and binge eating behavior. The overall DEB prevalence was 29.7%. Compared to adolescents with food security, those with food insecurity had a 17% (aRR: 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09–1.24) increased risk of any DEB, a 12% increased risk of compensatory behaviors (aRR: 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01–1.25), an 18% increased risk of ARFID behaviors (aRR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09–1.28), and a 25% increased risk of binge eating behavior (aRR: 1.25; 95%CI, 1.04–1.52). Those with food insufficiency had a 19% (aRR: 1.19; 95% CIs: 1.06–1.35) increased risk of any DEB, a 24% increased risk of compensatory behaviors (aRR: 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01–1.51), a 23% increased risk of ARFID behaviors (aRR: 1.23; 95%CI: 1.07–1.42), and a 16% increased risk of binge eating behavior (aRR: 1.16; 95% CI, 0.88–1.54). These findings underscore the need for public health policies and clinical practice to prioritize food security among U.S. adolescents to reduce the risk of DEBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial difficulty, disordered eating behaviors, and intuitive eating behaviors during pregnancy: A preliminary investigation","authors":"Tori Elliott,&nbsp;Cassidy M. Sandoval,&nbsp;Shelby Holmes,&nbsp;Alyssa Giannone,&nbsp;Kristin E. Heron","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Financial difficulty, a social driver of health, is associated with adverse maternal outcomes; however, its relation to perinatal eating behaviors is not well understood. The present study examined associations between financial difficulty and binge eating, purging, dietary restriction, and intuitive eating during pregnancy. Data were drawn from a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional, online study conducted between December 2022 and July 2023. Participants were a U.S. community sample of pregnant adults (<em>N</em> = 176; <em>M</em>_age = 29.24; 77.8% White). Approximately 35% of participants endorsed current financial difficulty. Multiple regression analyses controlling for total number of pregnancies indicated that greater financial difficulty was significantly associated with higher levels of binge eating (<em>B</em> = 2.04, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), purging (<em>B</em> = 1.53, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), and dietary restriction (<em>B</em> = 1.67, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), as well as lower intuitive eating (<em>B</em> = −0.11, <em>p</em> = .002). Findings suggest that financial difficulty is associated with greater engagement in disordered eating behaviors and reduced engagement in adaptive eating during pregnancy. Results underscore financial difficulty as an important and modifiable risk factor in the perinatal period. Interventions that address financial stressors and support intuitive eating, alongside routine screening in prenatal care, may help mitigate disordered eating risk and promote maternal and fetal health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148676930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal weight discrimination experiences and restrictive feeding practices are associated with child body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness","authors":"Jordan A. Levinson,&nbsp;Jordan E. Parker,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Hunger,&nbsp;Elissa Epel,&nbsp;Barbara Laraia,&nbsp;A. Janet Tomiyama","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research has established that experiencing weight discrimination is associated with myriad negative consequences, including disordered eating cognitions. However, it has not yet been tested whether a parent's experiences of weight discrimination affect their children's disordered eating cognitions. This paper seeks to establish a relationship between a mother's experiences with weight discrimination and her children's disordered eating cognitions. Using data from the NHLBI Growth and Health Study, we tested whether 193 mothers' weight stigma experiences are associated with their children's (<em>N</em> = 264) body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness, and whether maternal restricted feeding practices is a mechanism through which they are related. We found that maternal weight discrimination experiences are associated with both child body dissatisfaction and child drive for thinness through maternal restrictive feeding practices. In race-stratified models, these same patterns were evident for non-white children but not white children. Overall, these associations were sometimes, but not consistently, robust to the addition of covariates. Our results suggest that maternal experiences of weight discrimination may influence their restrictive feeding patterns, and subsequently their children's disordered eating cognitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food reward sensitivity mediates the association between chemosensory pleasure and adiposity in young adults","authors":"Emine Kurtbeyoglu ,&nbsp;Zeynep Caferoglu Akin ,&nbsp;Busra Aslan Gonul","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This cross-sectional study investigated whether food reward sensitivity mediates the association between chemosensory pleasure and adiposity in young adults. A total of 300 university students completed the Chemosensory Pleasure Scale (CPS), the Power of Food Scale (PFS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), alongside anthropometric assessments. Chemosensory pleasure was strongly and positively associated with food reward sensitivity (β = 0.620, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), and this relationship remained robust after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and depressive symptoms. While chemosensory pleasure showed only weak direct associations with adiposity indicators, food reward sensitivity was positively associated with body fat percentage. Mediation analyses demonstrated a significant indirect effect of chemosensory pleasure on body fat percentage through food reward sensitivity (indirect effect = 0.105; 95% CI: 0.039–0.179), indicating an indirect-only pathway. Although sex-stratified analyses suggested some pattern differences, moderated mediation analyses did not support a significant moderating role of sex. These findings suggest that chemosensory pleasure may be related to adiposity primarily when accompanied by increased food reward sensitivity. The results highlight food reward sensitivity as a potential psychological mechanism linking sensory responsiveness to adiposity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102091"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147971281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Brief Assessment of Stress and Eating (BASE) in transgender and gender-diverse adults","authors":"Jason M. Nagata ,&nbsp;Christopher D. Otmar ,&nbsp;Char Potes ,&nbsp;Ken Murakami ,&nbsp;Jason M. Lavender ,&nbsp;Emilio J. Compte ,&nbsp;Tiffany A. Brown ,&nbsp;Kelsie T. Forbush ,&nbsp;Annesa Flentje ,&nbsp;Juno Obedin-Maliver ,&nbsp;Mitchell R. Lunn","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Eating disorders (EDs) are frequently underdiagnosed in transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adults. Many existing ED screeners were developed in cisgender, White, female samples and may miss symptom patterns relevant to TGD adults. This study evaluated internal consistency and screening accuracy of the Brief Assessment of Stress and Eating (BASE), a 10-item ED screener, in a national sample of TGD adults.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Participants were 2098 TGD adults (57.5% gender diverse; 28.5% transgender men; 14.0% transgender women) enrolled in The PRIDE Study, a U.S.-based longitudinal cohort. Participants completed the BASE and SCOFF and were identified for elevated ED risk using a DSM-5–aligned Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale algorithm. We examined internal consistency and classification accuracy using receiver operating characteristic and precision-recall curves, and compared BASE and SCOFF performance overall and by gender subgroup.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The BASE showed good internal consistency (ordinal α = 0.80). In the full sample, the BASE outperformed the SCOFF (AUC = 0.803 vs. 0.764, <em>p</em> = .0003), with a similar pattern among transgender men (AUC = 0.793 vs. 0.730). Among transgender women and gender-diverse adults, AUCs did not differ significantly between the BASE and SCOFF. Cut-scores based on Youden's J (7.5–8.5) produced balanced sensitivity (0.68–0.75) and specificity (0.70–0.77), whereas more liberal cut-scores (5–6) increased sensitivity (&gt;0.85) with reduced specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The BASE is a psychometrically sound and low-burden screener for elevated ED risk in TGD adults. Its broader symptom coverage and comparable performance across TGD subgroups support use in primary care and gender-affirming services to improve identification of probable EDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147940459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep, mood, and binge eating: Evidence from a student sample","authors":"Cristina Martinelli ,&nbsp;Goffredina Spano","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Binge eating is a transdiagnostic symptom that occurs along a continuum and is common in the general population. Sleep difficulties are widespread in clinical eating disorders populations and carry important implications for treatment and outcome; yet it remains unclear if similar difficulties occur in individuals with undiagnosed binge eating. The present study investigated the relationship between binge eating and sleep in an undiagnosed student sample, using both objective and subjective measures of sleep quality and duration. A secondary aim was to examine whether difficulties in emotional regulation contribute to this relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Sixty-nine participants without a diagnosis of an eating disorder were classified into low or moderate-to-high binge eating groups and completed a 7-day protocol in which sleep was continuously monitored via the MotionWatch 8. Validated self-report questionnaires were administered to assess low mood, sleep quality, eating disorder symptomatology, worry, daytime sleepiness, and chronotype.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Individuals with moderate-to-high binge eating reported poorer perceived sleep alongside higher levels of low mood and worry, despite no detectable differences in actigraphy derived sleep. Low mood – but not worry – emerged as a significant mediator of the relationship between sleep and binge eating.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Together, these findings highlight the importance of considering affective processes and sleep perception, rather than objective sleep alone, when examining sleep-binge eating links in undiagnosed populations. This may have important implications for sleep research in at-risk and undiagnosed eating disorders samples, as well as for the development of public health interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102092"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147971222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating behaviors following metabolic bariatric surgery in lower, medium, and higher responders","authors":"Laura Vuorela ,&nbsp;Tuure Saarinen ,&nbsp;Sanna Meriläinen ,&nbsp;Vesa Koivukangas ,&nbsp;Jari E. Karppinen ,&nbsp;Maheswary Muniandy ,&nbsp;Per-Henrik Groop ,&nbsp;Anne Juuti ,&nbsp;Kirsi H. Pietiläinen ,&nbsp;Bram J. Berntzen ,&nbsp;Sini Heinonen","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined eating behaviors over 12 months in lower, medium, and higher responders to metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eating behaviors were assessed using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, and Binge-Eating Scale in 112 gastric bypass patients before and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Body weight, body composition, and metabolic parameters were measured. Based on TWL at 12 months, participants were classified as lower (TWL &lt; 20%, n = 26), medium (20% ≤ TWL &lt; 30%, n = 57), and higher (TWL ≥ 30%, n = 29) responders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Lower responders exhibited the highest internal hunger and lowest cognitive restraint, while higher responders had the highest baseline restraint. At 12 months, higher responders demonstrated the greatest decreases in rigid control and restrained eating. Hunger and disinhibited eating decreased similarly across groups, but emotional and external eating decreased only in medium and higher responders. Binge-eating declined in all groups, least in lower responders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Successful weight loss after MBS is marked by lower preoperative hunger, higher cognitive restraint, and postoperative improvements in restraint as well as emotional and external eating. Lower responders show greater hunger, lower restraint, and no improvements in emotional or external overeating. These findings define behavioral signatures of surgical success and highlight targeted opportunities for intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102090"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147956746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term eating disorder trajectories and the impact of depression: A naturalistic cohort approach","authors":"Eline S.J. de Rijk ,&nbsp;Roula Tsonaka ,&nbsp;Eric F. van Furth ,&nbsp;Alexandra.E. Dingemans ,&nbsp;Margarita C.T. Slof-Op ’t Landt","doi":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to explore how depressive symptoms were associated with the course of eating disorders (EDs) in a longitudinal naturalistic cohort of individuals with a past or current ED.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data from 1308 participants enrolled in the Netherlands Eating disorder Register was used. Participants completed one to seven waves of assessment, and the mean duration of follow-up was 98 months (range 0–112). At each follow-up, the presence or absence of an ED was assessed at symptomatic (objective presence of ED symptoms and behaviors) and subjective level (individual perception of illness status). Mixed-effects logistic regression analyses were performed to examine whether depressive symptoms were associated with ED outcomes over time, controlling for BMI, age and ED subtype.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher levels of depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with increased odds of ED presence at each wave at symptomatic (OR = 2.22 at wave 0 to OR = 1.26 at wave 6) and subjective level (OR = 2.02 at wave 0 to OR = 1.41 at wave 6) with all <em>p's</em> &lt; 0.001. Over the course of the seven waves, no significant differences were observed between the two levels.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The results show that higher levels of depressive symptoms at baseline were consistently associated with the presence of EDs at follow-up in a naturalistic transdiagnostic sample. This underscores the importance of systematically assessing and addressing depressive symptoms throughout the entire course of EDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11476,"journal":{"name":"Eating behaviors","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102087"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}