D. Skaltsas, C. Papadopoulos, C. Sarafoglou, P. Ioannou, D. Andreouli, I. Georgiopoulos, C. Zotiadis, D. Korres, S. Vouyiouka
{"title":"Composite Capsule Embedded Coatings Deposition using Thermal Spraying","authors":"D. Skaltsas, C. Papadopoulos, C. Sarafoglou, P. Ioannou, D. Andreouli, I. Georgiopoulos, C. Zotiadis, D. Korres, S. Vouyiouka","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0581","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study of self-lubricant coatings is a rapidly developing research field that is expected to address major issues arising from operation under high loads and thermal stresses of machine parts. It is of utmost importance that various critical tribological pairs such as crankshaft bearings, piston rings, etc. maintain their integrity, thus contributing to the engines efficient and reliable operation for long periods of time. Therefore, a choice of high-strength metals is required, with special treatments and/or coatings in combination with sufficient lubrication. In the present study, liquid lubricants encapsulated in poly(urea-formaldehyde) were incorporated in ceramic-metal matrices for the production of composite coatings by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying. Aspects concerning the survival of the capsules during their flight through the high temperature plasma flame, the maintenance of their integrity at impact with the substrate with high kinetic energy, their homogeneous dispersion within the coating mass, thermal spray deposition parameters adjustment and optimization are thoroughly discussed. Coating properties such as roughness, friction, adhesion strength, and wear behaviour were also investigated. Microstructural characteristics and friction-wear behaviour were found to be critical to the durability of coating.","PeriodicalId":114755,"journal":{"name":"International Thermal Spray Conference","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133382629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of Thermally Protective Al2O3-TiO2 Coating Fabricated by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying","authors":"H. Kwon, Y. Yoo, Youngjin Park, U. Nam, E. Byon","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0380","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, Al2O3-based coatings with varying TiO2 contents (0, 3, 13, and 40%) were fabricated using atmospheric plasma spraying technique. To compare the superiority of the samples, their thermal properties (thermal conductivity and thermal shock resistance) were characterized. As observed, Al2O3- 40%TiO2 (A-40T) coating exhibited relatively superior thermal insulation and thermal shock resistance at 600°C. According to the microstructure and phase analysis, this finding can be attributed to the special phase, Al2TiO5, and the pre-existing microcracks inside the coating. Thus, A-40T manifested excellent characteristics for thermal insulation application compared with pure Al2O3 and low-TiO2 content coatings.","PeriodicalId":114755,"journal":{"name":"International Thermal Spray Conference","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133411181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Toma, S. Gruber, A. Selbmann, C. Leyens, Martin Propst, T. Dorau
{"title":"Suspension Sprayed YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings on Inconel 718 Aerospike Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion","authors":"F. Toma, S. Gruber, A. Selbmann, C. Leyens, Martin Propst, T. Dorau","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0675","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes offer geometrical freedom to design complex shaped parts that cannot be manufactured with conventional processes. This leads to new applications including aerospace propulsion systems where the Ni-superalloy based material has to withstand high operating temperatures. In this contribution suspension plasma sprayed YSZ TBC coating was applied on the spike contour of an additively manufactured aerospike engine demonstrator. The engine was designed for a hydrogen peroxide / kerosene 6 kN thrust at 2.0 MPa chamber pressure and was manufactured from nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 powder using the laser powder bed fusion process (LPBF). Due to the novelty of the application of suspension sprayed YSZ thermal protection coatings on additively manufactured Inconel 718 components, extensive tests were necessary to characterize the interaction between the coating and the component.","PeriodicalId":114755,"journal":{"name":"International Thermal Spray Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116835168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phase Field Modelling of Microstructure Evolution of Cold-Sprayed Ni-Ti Composite upon Post-Spray Heat Treatment","authors":"R. Nikbakht, H. Assadi","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Cold spray (CS) is a promising solid-state additive manufacturing method. The interesting physics involved in the CS process including cold, high strain rate, adiabatic and severe plastic deformation results in a unique and complex structure of CS deposits at different length scales that directly determines the properties of the deposits. Therefore process- structure properties (performance) (PSP) linkages explorations are pivotal. Integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) methods in complement with experimental analyses are required to evaluate materials properties and behaviour in PSP links exploration. Finite element modelling is used to simulate the thermomechanical response of materials and evolution of field variables in CS, i.e stress, strain, strain rate, and temperature, at structural scales. Molecular dynamics modellings of nano-particle impact have provided useful insights into atomic-scale phenomena of individual particle impact while the modelling of microstructure evolution in micro and mesoscale has yet to be investigated. In this study, we developed and implemented a thermodynamic phase field simulation method to capture the structure evolution of CS composite Ni-Ti deposit upon post-spray heat treatment (PSHT) in microstructure scale. The external or internal stimuli such as heat and strain either generated in the system because of phase transformation or stored as internal energy upon CS process are accounted for. The interface mobility and microstructure development are calculated by minimization of Gibbs free energy of the system. The comparison of the simulated microstructure with experimental results confirms that the phase field modelling precisely predicts the microstructure evolution of the CS deposits upon PSHT.","PeriodicalId":114755,"journal":{"name":"International Thermal Spray Conference","volume":"401 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132208706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daiki Ikeuchi, A. Vargas-Uscategui, P. King, Xiaofeng Wu
{"title":"Data-Driven Overlapping Track Profile Modelling in Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Daiki Ikeuchi, A. Vargas-Uscategui, P. King, Xiaofeng Wu","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cold spray additive manufacturing is an emerging solid-state deposition process that enables large-scale components to be manufactured at high production rates. Control over geometry is important for reducing the development and growth of defects during the 3D build process and improving the final dimensional accuracy and quality of components. To this end, a machine learning approach has recently gained interest in modelling additively manufactured geometry; however, such a data-driven modelling framework lacks the explicit consideration of a depositing surface and domain knowledge in cold spray additive manufacturing. Therefore, this study presents surface-aware data-driven modelling of an overlapping-track profile using a Gaussian Process Regression model. The proposed Gaussian Process modelling framework explicitly incorporated two relevant geometric features (i.e., surface type and polar length from the nozzle exit to the surface) and a widely adopted Gaussian superposing model as prior domain knowledge in the form of an explicit mean function. It was shown that the proposed model is able to provide better predictive performance than the Gaussian superposing model alone and purely data-driven Gaussian Process model, providing consistent overlapping-track profile predictions at all overlapping ratios. By combining accurate prediction of track geometry with toolpath planning, it is anticipated that improved geometric control and product quality can be achieved in cold spray additive manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":114755,"journal":{"name":"International Thermal Spray Conference","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133645092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Berger, S. Conze, Kerstin Gnauck, M. Vostřák, Š. Houdková, Tomáš Taranda
{"title":"Microstructure and Properties of Cr3C2-Rich Binary Cr3C2-WC-Ni(Co) Hardmetal Coatings","authors":"L. Berger, S. Conze, Kerstin Gnauck, M. Vostřák, Š. Houdková, Tomáš Taranda","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0589","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hardmetal coating compositions containing both WC and Cr3C2 are less intensively studied than WC-Co(Cr) and Cr3C2-NiCr. In particular, compositions with Cr3C2 as the main phase are relatively new in the market. In this contribution, two commercial agglomerated and sintered feedstock powders with similar compositions (42Cr3C2-42WC-16Ni and 45Cr3C2- 37WC-18NiCoCr) were studied. Both powders differ in their porosity and the melting behavior, as was found by DSC experiments. Coatings were deposited with a liquid-fueled HVOF process (JP 5220). Optimization of the spray conditions was evaluated with five different spray parameter sets. Coating microstructures and phase compositions, as well as microhardness HV0.3 and abrasion wear resistance were less influenced by the spray parameter sets. At the same time, significant differences in deposition efficiency between the two compositions were observed, which might be related to the differences in the melting behavior of the compositions and the powder porosity. However, coating microhardness and abrasion wear resistance were similar for each of the spray parameter sets. Coating microstructure and phase composition were studied with a focus on the interaction between Cr3C2 and WC and will be discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":114755,"journal":{"name":"International Thermal Spray Conference","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132997439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ajay Sharma, A. Vashishtha, D. Callaghan, S. R. Bakshi, M. Kamaraj, Ramesh Raghavendra
{"title":"Investigation of a Modified Circular Nozzle for Cold Spray Applications","authors":"Ajay Sharma, A. Vashishtha, D. Callaghan, S. R. Bakshi, M. Kamaraj, Ramesh Raghavendra","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0235","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The current work numerically evaluates the efficacy of a coflowing nozzle for cold spray applications with the aim to mitigate nozzle clogging by reducing the length of its divergent section. The high-pressure nitrogen flow through convergentdivergent axis-symmetric nozzles was simulated and the particle acceleration is modelled using a 2-way Lagrangian technique which is validated using experimental results. An annular co-flow nozzle with a circular central nozzle has been modelled for nitrogen gas. Reduction of nozzle divergent length from 189 mm to 99 mm showed an approximate 2.2% drop in particle velocity at high pressure operation while no variation at lower pressure operation was observed. Co-flow was introduced to the reduced nozzle length to compensate for particle velocity loss at higher operating conditions and it was found that co-flow facilitates momentum preservation for primary flow resulting in increased particle speed for a longer axial distance after the nozzle exit. The reduced divergent section nozzle, when combined with co-flow, is comparable to the original length nozzle.","PeriodicalId":114755,"journal":{"name":"International Thermal Spray Conference","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133001574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Study of Ni-, Co- and Fe-Based Laser Cladding Coatings for Wear and Corrosion Resistance","authors":"B. Larouche, Rolf Hepp, G. Reisel, P. Fiala","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Among hardfacing processes using welding, laser cladding is nowadays one of the most efficient surface coating techniques. It is widely used to increase wear and corrosion resistance of machine parts as a result of the unique process characteristics such as low heat input (smaller heat affected zone), distortion free clad layers, lower dilution rate, finer coating microstructure as well as good metallurgical bonding at the coating/substrate interface. A wide range of new hardfacing materials and corrosion-resistant alloys are available on the market and in this study, different coatings of Ni-, Co- and Fe-based alloys as well as carbide-based metal matrix composites have been deposited by laser cladding for benchmarking purposes. Coatings were deposited onto mild steel substrates using a high-power diode laser. Coating microstructure and hardness were investigated as well as their tribological properties such as 2-body and 3-body abrasion, slurry abrasion and cavitation erosion resistance. Corrosion performance of coatings was also investigated with the salt spray test. Coatings are ranked according to their performance in the different tests and relationships between microstructure and coating properties are discussed.","PeriodicalId":114755,"journal":{"name":"International Thermal Spray Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122314346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Process Innovation for the Internal Coating of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) Tubes via Thermal Spraying","authors":"Christian Semmler, A. Killinger","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0323","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The application of thermally sprayed coatings on CFRPs has gained great interest to enhance thermal and tribological properties and several processes have been optimized. However, for the coating of internal surfaces of tubes there is no sufficient technical solution. This paper introduces a novel and unique process technique for coating the internal surfaces of CFRP tubes using the transplantation of thermally sprayed coatings. A negative shape tube with defined surface and material properties was used as a mandrel and coated using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The CFRP was then produced using filament winding onto the coating, and after curing, the specimen was separated from the mandrel. With this process innovation, CFRP tubes with internal ceramic or metallic coatings can be produced without any thermal degradation of the polymeric matrix or damage to the carbon fibers. Compared to conventional coating methods, this novel process technique has several advantages. It allows for the production of internal coatings with low roughness of Rz = 10 μm as sprayed without post-processing. The specimens also have a significantly lower tendency to corrode compared to conventional coated CFRPs. A high adhesion strength of the coatings of 15.9 MPa was achieved and the hardness of the internal ceramic coating is 918 HV0.1","PeriodicalId":114755,"journal":{"name":"International Thermal Spray Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127618656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterisation of Shrouded Plasma-Sprayed Al4C3-Ni Alloy Composite Coatings as Novel Bond Coats for TBCs","authors":"Wenbo Kan, S. Matthews","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0365","url":null,"abstract":"Ni/Co-based alloys have been widely employed as bond coats (BCs) in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to provide oxidation resistance through the formation of a dense thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer. TGO thickening is a major contributor to TBC failure. Conventional approaches to minimize its growth have included refinement/optimization of the BC composition, deposition techniques, and post-treatments. However, these approaches have only led to incremental improvements in TBC performance and do not directly address the effect of the thin interfacial oxide layer on the TBC lifetime. In a shift from conventional thinking, the development of an Al4C3-Ni alloy composite BC aims to overcome the challenges generated by current TGOs. Post-deposition heat treatment tailors the coating microstructure to form a continuous internal carbide network. At elevated temperatures, the Al4C3 preferentially oxidizes to form an interlacing protective Al2O3 “root” that provides better TGO anchoring and reduces TBC thermal mismatch with the substrate. In this paper, the coatings were manufactured through gas-shrouded plasma spraying using various parameters to optimize the degree of inflight carbide dissolution and minimize the extent of coating porosity and cracking. XRD and carbon analysis were performed on the coatings and the microstructure was observed using SEM. Differences between coatings are discussed in relation to the spraying parameters.","PeriodicalId":114755,"journal":{"name":"International Thermal Spray Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117052042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}