ecancermedicalscience最新文献

{"title":"Clinicopathological features associated with CD44 and CD63 expression in breast cancer.","authors":"Carlos A Castaneda, Miluska Castillo, Joselyn Sanchez, Luis Bernabe, Katherin Tello, Nancy Suarez, Raul Alatrista, Ximena Quiroz-Gil, Alexandra Granda-Oblitas, Javier Enciso, Nathaly Enciso, Henry L Gomez","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1779","DOIUrl":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CD44 is a cell-surface transmembrane glycoprotein that participates in the regulation of many cellular processes, including cell division, adhesion, migration and stem-like characteristics. CD63 is involved in the exocytosis process.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the relationship between CD44 and CD63 expression and clinicopathological features, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PIK3CA) mutation and survival.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>CD44 and CD63 were stained in samples from 101 breast cancer cases from Peruvian women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median age was 52 years, most were most were grade-3 (68%), estrogen receptor (ER)+ (64%) and stage II-III (92%). Median ki67 was 30%, median stromal TIL was 30% and <i>PIK3CA</i> mutation was found in 49%. Longer survival was associated with earlier stages (<i>p</i> = 0.016), lower ki67 (<i>p</i> = 0.023), ER+ (<i>p</i> = 0.034), luminal phenotype (<i>p</i> = 0.029) and recurrence (<i>p</i> < 0.001). CD44 was classified as high cell density staining in 57% and high intensity in 55%. High CD44 density was associated with younger age (<i>p</i> = 0.043), triple-negative phenotype (<i>p</i> = 0.035) and shorter survival (<i>p</i> = 0.005). High CD44 expression was associated with short survival (<i>p</i> = 0.005). High CD63 cell density was found in 56% of cases and was associated with ER-positive (<i>p</i> = 0.045), low TIL levels (<i>p</i> = 0.007), Luminal-A (<i>p</i> = 0.015) and low CD44 intensity (<i>p</i> = 0.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CD44 expression was associated with aggressive features and low CD63 density staining.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African colorectal cancer burden in 2022 and projections to 2050.","authors":"Mounoume Lobe Irma Louise Virginie, Qiu Zhao, Lan Liu","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1780","DOIUrl":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is on a rapid increase on the African continent, yet grossly under reported. Herein, we provide and updated estimates of CRC burden (incidence and mortality) across Africa as of 2022, and make crucial predictions to 2050.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We gathered information on CRC incidence and mortality from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database, which covers 185 countries. The age-standardised incidence and mortality rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person-years were determined. Cases and deaths up to 2050 were estimated using 2022 incidence and mortality rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2022, an estimated 70,428 cases and 46,087 mortalities due to CRC were recorded across the African continent. Africa's ASRs for CRC incidence and mortality were 8.2 and 5.6 per 100,000 population, respectively, and were highest in North Africa followed by East Africa. At national levels, CRC ranked in the top four of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in more than half (56%) of African countries. ASRs of both incidence and mortality were higher among males than females. New cases are predicted to increase by 139.7% (from 70,428 in 2022 to 168,683 in 2050) at the current incidence rate. Similarly, mortalities will increase by 155.2% (from 46,061 in 2022 to 117,568 in 2050).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CRC remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many African countries, and the number of new cases and deaths is predicted to rise significantly by 2050. Efforts to reduce the incidence of preventable CRC cases should be prioritised.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1780"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing tobacco quitting: findings from National Tobacco-Quitline Services, Mumbai, India.","authors":"Atul Budukh, Sharyu Mhamane, Sonali Bagal, Priyal Chakravarti, Ganesh Ogale, Radhika Sharma, Manisha Yadav, Sushama Saoba, Suvarna Gore, Pankaj Chaturvedi","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1777","DOIUrl":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Government of India established National Tobacco Quitline Services (NTQLS) to provide free and effective telephonic counselling to help people quit tobacco. The objective of the paper is to present the data of tobacco quitters who quit tobacco through NTQLS, Mumbai, in the years 2021-2022 and the factors that influenced tobacco quitting. This is a prospective study where individuals willing to quit tobacco utilised NTQLS. Effective counselling was provided and was followed up. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted. Tobacco quitting is the dependent variable while sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco consumption habits, previous quit attempts, alcohol consumption, other substance use and co-morbidity were independent variables. In the years 2021-2022, a total of 448,893 calls hit the system. Of these, 127,163 (28.3%) calls were attended. Of the attended calls, a quit date was set for 21,504 calls (16.9%); of these, 8,276 (38.5%) callers quit tobacco. Individuals with no previous quit attempts [OR: 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25-1.75], never consumed alcohol (OR: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.2-1.56), consumed tobacco within 6-30 minutes (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12-1.49) and 30-60 minutes after waking up (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05-1.51) had higher quitting rates. While, female callers (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35-0.99), private sector workers (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.61-0.81), individuals consuming more than ten tobacco units/packets (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.61-0.79), tobacco use more than 10 years (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73-0.97), expenditure of more than 5,000 rupees on tobacco (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.44-0.77) and those with no known co-morbid conditions (OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.71-0.91) were less likely to quit tobacco. Reduced tobacco consumption will inadvertently reduce the non-communicable disease (NCD) burden and help in achieving the sustainable development goals related to tobacco control and NCD. Quitline plays an important role in tobacco control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1777"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating a mobile application to support communication about HPV testing among women and professionals: barriers and facilitators from the perspective of health professionals in a middle- and low-income setting in Argentina.","authors":"Lucila Szwarc, Paula Frejdkes, Victoria Sánchez Antelo, Melisa Paolino, Silvina Arrossi","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1778","DOIUrl":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The delivery of positive Human papillomavirus (HPV) test results can have a psychosocial impact and act as a barrier for women to continue the cervical cancer (CC) prevention process. A previous formative research based on a woman's perspective indicated that a mobile app could be an acceptable and appropriate tool to help women obtain information and reduce fears related to a positive result. Based on these findings, we developed an app-based intervention that would function as a support for professionals who offer the HPV test and communicate their results. We report data on the perceptions of healthcare providers regarding the barriers and facilitators to the incorporation, in a low and middle-income context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Qualitative study based on individual semi-structured interviews with health professionals. All the professionals (<i>n</i> =13) took HPV and Pap test samples and provided information on HPV testing, in the public health system of Ituzaingó, Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. The themes explored were selected and analysed using domains and constructs of Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Practitioners had a positive assessment of the intervention through most included constructs: adaptability, compatibility, complexity, relative advantage, belief in the validity and robustness of the intervention, innovation source and knowledge and beliefs about the intervention. However, some potential barriers were also identified including: adaptability, tensions for change, relative priority and leadership engagement. Practitioners conditioned the intervention's success to specific adjustments of the app (weight and interface usability), legitimmated institutions' support, and clear and sustained health authorities' commitment and directions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Health professionals had a positive assessment of implementing an app to support the HPV test communication and information provision process, although they conditioned its effectiveness to specific adjustments. The results allow us to identify and develop recommendations for the app to be implemented effectively and sustained over time. The findings of this study have important implications not only for Argentina, but also for other low and middle-income countries, given that the implementation could be adapted, with the aim of improving communication between patients and health institutions in the CC prevention process.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1778"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of care and treatment outcomes of metastatic non-clear cell kidney cancer: a single centre experience from India.","authors":"Somnath Roy, Sreejata Raychaudhuri, Bivas Biswas, Deepak Dabkara, Arnab Bhattacherjee, Sandip Ganguly, Joydeep Ghosh, Yesha Sandipbhai Patel, Souhita Pal, Jagriti Karmakar, Anindita Mitra, Sujoy Gupta","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1775","DOIUrl":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) refers to a rare diverse heterogeneous group of tumours; usually treated with immune check point inhibitors and or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Prospective large-scale data from Asian countries is limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of patients with metastatic nccRCC treated at Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, India, from 2012 to 2022. Demographic profiles, histologic subtypes, treatment details, response to therapy (by response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST v1.1)) and survival status were captured from electronic medical records (EMRs) of hospitals up till May 2023. Kaplan Meier methods were estimated to assess progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 89 consecutive patients were screened for this study, 24 were excluded due to inadequate data in EMR. 65 patients were included in the final analysis, with a median age at diagnosis of 59 years (range 20-84) of which 81% were male. Histologic subtypes comprised of 43% papillary, 31% clear cell with mixed histology, 3% sarcomatoid and 23% others including chromophobe, mucinous-tubular, spindle cell, oncocytic, medullary, poorly differentiated and rhabdoid). The most common site of metastasis was the lung 62% (<i>n</i> = 40) followed by non-regional nodes 32%, bone 26% and liver 14%. 15% patients presented with haematuria and 62% underwent nephrectomy prior to systemic therapy. The majority received pazopanib 46% (<i>n</i> = 30), chemotherapy 20% (<i>n</i> = 13) including bevacizumab plus erlotinib, sunitinib 15% (<i>n</i> = 10) or cabozantinib 14% (<i>n</i> = 9). Only 3(5%) patients received nivolumab plus cabozantinib combination. Response to treatment showed complete response in 1.5%, partial response in 20%, stable disease in 51% and progressive disease in 23% as per RECIST v1.1. 17 patients required dose reduction and interruption due to adverse effects and 33% (<i>n</i> = 22) received second-line therapy with nivolumab 18% (<i>n</i> = 4), axitinib and everolimus among others. After a median follow up of 44 months, the median PFS was 13 months (95%CI 7.2-18.9) and the median OS was 17 months (95%CI 12.1-22.1) for the entire cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The overall response and survival for metastatic nccRCC was relatively better in comparison with published data, despite the limited number of patients treated with ICIs due to cost and access barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tyrosine crystal deposition in pleomorphic adenoma: a rare presentation in a male smoker with long-term follow-up.","authors":"Sandhya Tamgadge, Gokul Venkateshwar, Treville Pereira, Avinash Tamgadge, Simran Pethani","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1776","DOIUrl":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report presents the diagnosis and management of a pleomorphic adenoma in a 55-year-old male smoker with a habit of smoking tobacco for 6 years. The patient presented with a chief complaint of swelling in the posterior palatal region. Clinical examination revealed a well-circumscribed, non-tender, firm swelling in the palatal region. An incisional biopsy followed by surgical excision was performed, and histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. Tyrosine crystals were observed within the tumour stroma, providing additional diagnostic insight. A 10-year post-operative follow-up revealed no recurrence of the lesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1776"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A physiotherapists perspective of a geriatric clinic in a tertiary oncology centre.","authors":"Ankita Chitre, Akhil Kapoor, Bipinesh Sansar, Anuj Gupta, Praveen Lakshmanamurthy, Somnath Dey, Kunal Vinayak, Ajit Sahoo, Navneet Kaur, Sumaiya Azeem, Dipti Kadu, Akash Anand Shrivastav","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1774","DOIUrl":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1774","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims and objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To analyse various domains amongst the geriatric population such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, type of cancer and use of assistive devices, and find a correlation between the outcome measures such as short physical performance battery (SPPB) and performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methodology: &lt;/strong&gt;Patients above 60 years were screened and further referred to the physiotherapy department. A brief history was recorded to retrieve the demographic data such as name, age, gender, height, weight, BMI, hand dominance, diagnosis, previous investigations are done, comorbidities if any present, use of assistive devices if required and in case any previous oncological treatment has been delivered. Various outcome measures were administered such as POMA, SPPB, 6 minutes walk test (6 MWT) and numerical rating for fatigue. The interpretations were noted on a case report sheet and the appropriate interventions for the deficits were delivered to the patient. Also, the patients were asked to carry on the necessary investigation (if required) and get back to the physiotherapy OPD. No follow-up is required by the patients as this was a retrospective single-endpoint study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results and analysis: &lt;/strong&gt;The descriptive analysis was done by using R software (version 4.2.3). The main objective was to analyse the variables descriptively using numbers and percentages. The correlation between 2 outcome measures: SPPB and POMA was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation.All the 100 patients had solid tumour malignancies, commonly GI (37%), thoracic (18%), breast (17%), H and N (13%), uro-oncology (11%) and gynecology (4%). The median age was 70 years (range, 60-88). The median BMI was 22.10 (IQR, 19.40-24.77). Among 100 patients, comorbidities were found in most of the patients, most commonly hypertension (35%), diabetes mellitus (20%), heart disease (9%) and other diseases (8%). Out of 100 patients, 15% of them used assistive devices but the remaining 85% of patients did not require any assistive devices. Different outcome measures were also assessed for understanding the patients' risk in different categories. On assessing POMA, most of the patients had a medium risk of fall (49%), followed by high risk (31%) and low risk (14%). On assessing SPPB, most of the patients had low risk (41%), followed by medium risk (31%) and high risk (28%). The aerobic capacity of patients was assessed using 6 MWT (walking capacity) which showed that most of them had a severe reduction in aerobic capacity (37%) followed by moderation reduction (28%), good aerobic capacity (25%) and mild reduction (10%). The treatment required by the patients involved most commonly LL strengthening (71; 30.6%) and aerobic conditioning (67; 28.9%) and the least was brisk walking (4; 1.72%) and UL strengthening (2; 0.86%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Commonly deranged domains included fatig","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of human papilloma virus infection and risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among female sex workers in Mumbai, India.","authors":"Vandita Pahwa, Sharmila A Pimple, Gauravi A Mishra, Parishi Majmudar, Sanjay K Biswas, Kedar Deodhar","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1772","DOIUrl":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cervical cancer, mostly caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), has disproportionately high incidence in developing countries. HPV infection being essentially a sexually transmitted infection, high-risk behaviour women with multiple sexual contacts like female sex workers (FSWs) are at higher risk of co-infection with HPV and of developing cervical precancer and cancer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among FSWs in Mumbai, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 448 FSWs, between the ages of 18-50 years, by collaborating with local non-government organizations working for the health and welfare of FSW communities at sexually transmitted diseases clinics. All FSWs were screened for HPV DNA by hybrid capture II followed by reference diagnosis of colposcopy and/or cervical biopsy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of HPV DNA positivity was 35.5% and CIN was 2.2%. Factors significantly associated with HPV DNA positivity were age group younger than 30 years odds ratio (OR = 2.098, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.408-3.127), Illiteracy (OR = 2.015, 95% CI 1.305-3.112), being single (OR = 2.409, 95% CI 1.558-3.724), less than 18 years of age at time of initiating work as FSW (OR = 3.718, 95% CI 3.718-2.392), having more than five clients per day (OR = 2.078, 95% CI 1.301-3.318), been working as a FSW for more than 5 years (OR = 2.321, 95% CI 1.455-3.701), not using barrier contraception methods (OR = 5.155, 95% CI 3.395-7.827) and having no exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) education program (OR = 29.153, 95% CI 15.385-55.240). FSWs with a positive HPV DNA test are substantially more likely to have CIN compared to those with a negative test (OR = 7.6, 95% CI 1.59-36.25).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of HPV infection and CIN was high among FSWs. FSWs with a positive HPV DNA test had a seven times higher risk of developing CIN. The persistence of HPV infection is expected to significantly raise the risk of cervical cancer in the future. It is suggested to have an integrated approach towards cervical cancer screening and HIV/AIDS control activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of incidence, mortality and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) for leading cancers in BRICS countries.","authors":"Anita Nath, Ruchita Taneja, Yamini Saraswathi Thadi, Gokul Sarveswaran, Prashant Mathur","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1773","DOIUrl":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While cancer stands as a prominent global contributor to mortality, the BRICS countries, which contribute a considerable proportion of the world's economy, also account for a substantial proportion of global cancer-related deaths. The study aims to compile data on the incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of leading cancers in BRICS countries to assess any variations in these parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Indicators such as the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) were abstracted from GLOBOCAN 2022. Global Burden of Disease 2019 provided an overview of DALYs. Additionally, 'Cancer Tomorrow' provided projections for future cancer rates up to 2050.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that Russia had the highest ASIR for both sexes. Among males, leading cancer sites included prostate, lung and colorectum, while India stood out with lip and oral cavity cancer as the primary site. Breast cancer dominated among females in all BRICS countries, except China, where lung cancer took precedence. South Africa recorded the highest ASMR for both sexes, with Russia leading among males and South Africa among females. Lung cancer has been the leading cause of death in all countries except India, where breast cancer leads. Trachea, bronchus and lung cancers contributed the most to DALYs, except in India, where breast cancer prevailed. South Africa and India are anticipated to have the highest increase in new cancer cases and deaths in future.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Breast and lung cancers accounted for the highest incidence, mortality and DALYs in females and males, respectively. Although the BRICS countries anticipate sustained economic growth and have viable cancer control plans, it is essential to investigate cancer risk factors and health systems influencing cancer incidence and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver metastasis and resistance to immunotherapy in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. A literature review.","authors":"Marcelo Porfirio Sunagua Aruquipa, Mauro S Donadio, Renata D Peixoto","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1771","DOIUrl":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) remains predominantly managed with chemotherapy. The use of immunotherapy, whether alone or in combination with other systemic or local treatments, displays limited success, especially in the context of active liver metastases (LM). The mechanisms responsible for this resistance are not fully understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive search across electronic databases such as Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. This search targeted translational studies evaluating the liver tumour immune microenvironment and immune tolerance mechanisms in CRC with LM and prospective studies that assessed immunotherapy either as a standalone treatment or in combination with other systemic or local therapies for patients diagnosed with MSS CRC. Our primary objectives included elucidating the mechanisms of resistance originating from LM in a non-systematic literature review and presenting a summary of the outcomes observed in prospective trials utilising immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), with a focus on the presence of LM.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>There were 16 prospective trials evaluating immunotherapy for metastatic CRC comprising 1,713 patients. Response rates to immunotherapy inpatients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) varied from 0% to 23%. Overall, reduced or null responses to immunotherapy in the presence of liver metastasis in comparison to patients without liver involvement were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Studies consistently show the resistance derived from classical ICI, both alone and in combination with other systemic treatments in patients with CRLM. The design of upcoming trials using immunotherapy should consider LM as a stratification factor or contemplate excluding patients with liver involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}