Labor eJournal最新文献

The Role of Seniority at U.S. Work Places: A Report on Some New Evidence 资历在美国工作场所的作用:一些新证据的报告

Labor eJournal Pub Date : 2015-08-23 DOI: 10.3386/w0618

James L. Medoff, Katharine G. Abraham

引用次数: 13

An Empirical Analysis of the Role of Risk Aversion in Executive Compensation Contracts 风险规避在高管薪酬契约中的作用实证分析

Labor eJournal Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.249571

E. Peek, F. Moers

引用次数: 13

Maternal Employment and Overweight Children 产妇就业与超重儿童

Labor eJournal Pub Date : 2002-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.327060

Kristin F. Butcher, P. Anderson, P. Levine

引用次数: 600

The Impact of Welfare Reform on Living Arrangements 福利改革对生活安排的影响

Labor eJournal Pub Date : 2002-02-01 DOI: 10.3386/W8784

M. Bitler, Jonah B. Gelbach, H. Hoynes

{"title":"The Impact of Welfare Reform on Living Arrangements","authors":"M. Bitler, Jonah B. Gelbach, H. Hoynes","doi":"10.3386/W8784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W8784","url":null,"abstract":"Labor market outcomes of welfare reform have been the subject of extensive research by economists, but there has been relatively little work on living arrangements, which was an important focus of reformers. Our research fills that gap by using data from the March CPS to examine the impacts of 1990s welfare waivers and the 1996 Federal welfare reform on living arrangements in samples of both children and women. Our findings suggest three main conclusions. First, welfare reform has had large effects on some important measures of living arrangements, including household size, parental co-residence among children, and marital status among women. Second, those effects are neither entirely aligned with the stated goals of reform nor entirely in spite of these goals. For example, in states that never had waivers, TANF was associated with a reduction of 14 percentage points in the fraction of Black children living in central cities who live with an unmarried parent. However, the fraction of these children living with neither parent rose by 8 percentage points, essentially doubling the baseline level. Third, there is a great deal of treatment heterogeneity both with respect to racial and ethnic groups, and with respect to whether reforms were waivers, TANF in states that had waivers, or TANF in states that did not (e.g., waiver effects on parental co-residence among Black, central-city children was much smaller than were TANF effects). Standard approaches - using only data on adult women, pooling the data across racial and ethnic groups, focusing only on high school dropouts, and/or assuming that TANF effects are the same in waiver and nonwaiver states - would generally not uncover these important changes in living arrangements.","PeriodicalId":114523,"journal":{"name":"Labor eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131621657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Project Selection, Production, Uncertainty, and Incentives 项目选择、生产、不确定性和激励

Labor eJournal Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.297461

J. Core, Jun Qian

{"title":"Project Selection, Production, Uncertainty, and Incentives","authors":"J. Core, Jun Qian","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.297461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.297461","url":null,"abstract":"We model how a firm motivates a risk-averse CEO not only to exert productive effort but also to evaluate and to adopt new projects. Evaluation effort produces better information on risky projects, but the agent may reject a good project in order to avoid risk. Productive effort increases the mean of firm value but the agent faces uncertainty in his productivity due to the externality created by the new project. We examine the effect of uncertainty about the success of the new project on contract slope and convexity. The convexity in the contract protects the agent from uncertainty about the success of the new project, and the contract is more convex when uncertainty is greater. The contract slope encourages the agent to work on both tasks and to make the right project choice. We show conditions under which increases in uncertainty about the success of the new project cause increases in the contract slope. This positive relation between contract slope and uncertainty contrasts with the standard agency model's prediction of a decreasing relation. The features of the optimal contract are broadly consistent with prior empirical evidence on cross-sectional variation in CEO incentives. In addition our model suggests that there can be two groups of firms. The first group of firms has high uncertainty, and there is an increasing relation between risk and CEO incentives. The second group of firms has lower uncertainty, and there is the traditional decreasing relation between risk and CEO incentives.","PeriodicalId":114523,"journal":{"name":"Labor eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115281548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Testing for the Option Value of Migration 测试迁移选项值

Labor eJournal Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.292845

L. Locher

引用次数: 14

Making a Name 创造一个名字

Labor eJournal Pub Date : 2001-09-01 DOI: 10.3386/W8474

C. Goldin, Maria Shim

{"title":"Making a Name","authors":"C. Goldin, Maria Shim","doi":"10.3386/W8474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W8474","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since Lucy Stone decided to retain her surname at marriage in 1855, women in America have tried to do the same. But their numbers were extremely low until the 1970s. The increased age at first marriage, rising numbers with professional degrees and Ph.D.'s, the diffusion of 'the Pill,' state legal decisions, and the acceptance of the appellation 'Ms.,' among other factors, spurred surname retention among married women in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This paper tracks the fraction of college graduate women who kept their surnames upon marriage and after childbirth and explores some of the correlates of surname retention. We use two decades of data from The New York Times and twenty years of information on the Harvard class of 1980. A time series on surname retention at marriage for college graduate women, gleaned from wedding announcements in The New York Times, shows a large increase from 1980 to 1984, a leveling off to 1998, and a possible subsequent increase. About 35 percent kept their surname at marriage in 2001, but fewer than 10 percent did in 1980. Among the women in the Harvard class of 1980, about 52 percent kept their surname at some time after marriage and only a small fraction of this group changed their surname after having children. The observable characteristics of importance in surname retention are those revealing that the bride had already 'made a name' for herself.","PeriodicalId":114523,"journal":{"name":"Labor eJournal","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124145896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Mobility as Progressivity: Ranking Income Processes According to Equality of Opportunity 流动性作为累进性:根据机会均等对收入过程进行排名

Labor eJournal Pub Date : 2001-08-01 DOI: 10.3386/W8431

R. Bénabou, Efe A. Ok

引用次数: 120

Shared Modes of Compensation and Firm Performance: UK Evidence 薪酬共享模式与公司绩效:英国证据

Labor eJournal Pub Date : 2001-08-01 DOI: 10.3386/W8448

M. Conyon, Richard B. Freeman

引用次数: 156

The Limits to Wage Growth: Measuring the Growth Rate of Wages for Recent Welfare Leavers 工资增长的极限:衡量近期福利离职者的工资增长率

Labor eJournal Pub Date : 2001-08-01 DOI: 10.3386/W8444

David Card, C. Michalopoulos, Philip K. Robins

引用次数: 37