E3S Web of Conferences最新文献

{"title":"Multi-dimensional analysis of In-vehicle air quality: An industry status study of benzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and TVOC","authors":"Danfeng Liu, Fei Xue, Yang Liu, Xiaodi Cai, Chao Li","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202562801020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202562801020","url":null,"abstract":"The concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) determines the air quality in vehicles, so we build a new evaluation system based on the concentration of aldehydes, the odor of vehicles, the total VOCs (TVOCs) and other parameters to evaluate the air quality in vehicles. Though the overall air quality in the car improves rapidly in recent years, there are still challenges in the release of aldehydes and odor control in the car under the high temperature condition. First of all, in terms of benzene series, they are under a considerable control and are below the national standard limit (0.11 mg/m 3 ) in the three-stage working conditions. Secondly, for aldehydes, the formaldehyde concentration under normal temperature and ventilation conditions is lower than the national standard limit (0.1 mg/m 3 ), while the formaldehyde concentration under high temperature conditions generally exceeds the national standard limit. Acetaldehyde is one of the most serious pollutants exceeding the standard. The proportion of acetaldehyde exceeding the national standard limit (0.05 mg/m 3 ) at normal temperature and ventilation conditions is 54% and 17%, respectively, and only 15% under high temperature conditions are not exceeding the standard. In addition, in terms of the odor in vehicles, the average compliance rate is as low as 76% and become inferior under high temperature conditions. Finally, in terms of TVOC, the vehicle industry lacks a unified control standard, and the concentration level of various enterprises fluctuates greatly. The average values of TVOCs in normal temperature and high temperature conditions are 2.467 mg/m 3 and 8.392 mg/m 3 respectively. With the increase of the temperature inside vehicles, the TVOC concentration increases to different degrees. On the basis of the existing in-vehicle air quality management standards and technical guidelines, the vehicle industry should expand the range of quality control indicators, introduce the TVOC dimension, further improve the in-vehicle air quality management, reduce health hazards, and improve the level of in-vehicle air quality management.","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"628 1","pages":"01020-01020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2025/28/e3sconf_eppct2025_01020.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147915095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft-switching dual Active Bridge Converter-based Bidirectional On-Board Charger for Electric Vehicles under Vehicle-to-Grid and Grid-to-Vehicle Control Optimization","authors":"Venkateshwarlu Sonnati, Sairaj Arandhakar, K.S.V. Phani Kumar","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202447201021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447201021","url":null,"abstract":"Electric Vehicles (EVs) are rapidly replacing conventional fuel vehicles, offering powerful, emission-free performance. This paper introduces an innovative three-phase bidirectional charger for Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) applications, strengthening the connection between EVs and the power grid. The charger employs a two-stage power conversion approach with advanced converters and a simplified dq-based charging control strategy. An efficient AC-DC converter facilitates smooth transitions between modes, responding to grid directives for active and reactive power. A Soft Switching Dual Active Bridge (SS-DAB) DC-DC converter optimally interfaces with the EV battery pack, while dual active LCL filters suppress harmonics, enhancing system performance. Simulated results confirm the charger’s effectiveness in a 3.5kW prototype using MATLAB/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"27 9‐10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140444971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review and Psychometric Appraisal of Instruments Measuring Tuberculosis Stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Alanna J Bergman, Katherine McNabb, Jason E Farley","doi":"10.1037/sah0000328","DOIUrl":"10.1037/sah0000328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) stigma is one barrier to TB testing, treatment uptake and treatment completion. Therefore, stigma measurement must be approached through rigorous scientific methodology in order to accurately and reliably estimate the impact of TB stigma on treatment outcomes. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the methods and instruments used to measure TB stigma and interrogate strategies used to culturally validate measures of TB stigma in global research. Two reviewers used the PRISMA method to extract and analyze the existing body of literature on TB stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa. A thorough search was performed using three data bases generating 2,302 independent studies. After systematic screening, this review includes 28 studies. Of those studies, 13 used a psychometrically validated instrument while 15 used informal questionnaires or proxy variables to measure stigma. Psychometric appraisal was limited due to the number of studies that measured stigma using unvalidated questionnaires or proxy variables. The <i>Patient and Community Perceptions of TB scales</i> validated by Van Rie et al. were the most commonly used instruments to measure TB stigma; additionally, many instruments were not culturally or linguistically validated in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our appraisal emphasizes the need for reliable and valid instruments to measure TB stigma in low- and middle-income countries most affected by TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"1 1","pages":"81-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10901500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79908102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) by cuttlebone-derived materials and its stability","authors":"Yanqing Xiong, Peirui Qin, Xiao Sun, Mengnan Yin, Zhaohui He","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202449001011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449001011","url":null,"abstract":"This work mainly studied the Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption properties of cuttlebone-derived materials and the effects of adsorption time, initial solution concentration, and material aging. Cuttlebone is a fishery waste, which is mainly composed of calcium carbonate, and β-chitin. The cuttlebone derivative was prepared by high-temperature carbonization and deacetylation. The results showed that the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) by carbonized and deacetylated cuttlebone derivatives was significantly improved from 1644 mg/g to 2216 mg/g and 2118 mg/g, respectively. It resulted that high-temperature carbonization promoted the crystal change of calcium carbonate in cuttlebone from aragonite crystal to calcite crystal, and the latter has a stronger ion exchange capacity for Pb(Ⅱ) than the former. Deacetylation promoted the conversion of chitin in cuttlebone to chitosan, which is beneficial to complexing Pb(Ⅱ) and further improving the adsorption performance. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of Pb(Ⅱ)on cuttlebone-derived materials conform to the quasi-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, respectively. After freeze-thaw aging and hydrogen peroxide aging, the adsorption capacity of Pb(Ⅱ) has been further improved, indicating that the derived materials of cuttlebone are relatively stable. Based on this study, the derived materials of cuttlebone have the potential to treat Pb(Ⅱ) ions in wastewater.","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"490 1","pages":"01011-01011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/20/e3sconf_arfee2024_01011.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147898161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity of Zwitterionic Perfluorinated Compounds in Water Hyacinth","authors":"Minggao Cui, Guopeng Tian, Rui Han, Hanyu Yuan","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202453602020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453602020","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) pollution has become a hot environmental issue. PFASs have been detected in various types of environmental media and biological tissues, and the aquatic environment is an important “sink” for PFASs. As one of the most widely distributed organisms in aquatic environment, plants inevitably contact with PFASs, which may cause toxic effects in aquatic plants. However, most current studies focus on terrestrial plants and animals, but neglect the effects of PFASs in aquatic plants. Therefore, in this study, the freshwater plant, water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ), is selected as the research object to explore the toxic effects of zwitterionic perfluorinated compounds on aquatic plants. The results show that low concentration of perfluorooctaneamido betaine (PFOSB) (500 ng/L, 96 h) promotes the net photosynthetic rate of water hyacinth leaves, and the presence of perfluorooctanesulfonamido betaine (PFOAB) and PFOSB cause a significant increase in CAT activity in water hyacinth roots after 48 h. The antioxidant system is activated in response to the PFOAB and PFOSB stresses. This study provides a powerful theoretical basis for the toxic effects and ecological risks of zwitterionic PFASs in aquatic plants.","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"536 1","pages":"02020-02020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/66/e3sconf_eppct2024_02020.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147905295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Properties of Amphoteric Etherified Starch Flocculant CMSG","authors":"Haihua Li, Yuhua Gao, Yaze Zhang, Na Li","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202459801009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202459801009","url":null,"abstract":"Etherified starch has the advantages of cheap raw materials and simple preparation process. In the field of wastewater treatment, it can be used as a flocculant and adsorbent. Amphoteric etherified starch CMGS was synthesized in a one-step method using cornstarch (St) as raw material, 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTA) and chloroacetic acid (CAA) as cationic and anionic etherification agents, respectively, and the flocculation performance on kaolin suspension was studied. The results showed that compared with cationic etherified starch, the optimal dose of the amphoteric etherified starch CMGS increased and the flocculation window length increased. The optimal dose of CMGS2 was 14 mg/L, and the flocculation window length was 24 mg/L, which has certain practical value.","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"598 1","pages":"01009-01009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/128/e3sconf_icaeer2024_01009.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147917083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of reconstituted tailings samples based on their mechanical response","authors":"João Oliveira, Paulo Coelho, Luís Araújo Santos","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202454414009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454414009","url":null,"abstract":"With a growing global population and greater environmental awareness modern societies inevitably need more mineral resources. Thus, an increase in mining activity is expected through the reactivation of old mines and/or the licensing of new explorations. Increased mining operations will lead to the production of higher volumes of tailings that often endanger people and the environment. To suitably assess the behaviour of tailings, it will be necessary to carry out a complete and exhaustive laboratory characterisation in order to determine the necessary parameters for the correct sizing of the tailings disposal structures. In this sense, for a successful laboratory work, it is necessary to obtain good quality intact or remoulded samples for testing and comparison. However, good quality intact samples of tailings are rarely available. Therefore, reconstituted samples assume an important role. Currently the most commonly used reconstitution methods for mine tailings are the moist tamping and slurry methods. This paper aims to discuss the potential of the most commonly used sample reconstitution methods in mine tailings. Some mechanical characterisation studies of tailings are also presented, namely when subjected to monotonic and cyclic stresses, with the aid of triaxial and oedometer equipment. Complementary tests with unusual equipment, such as Hollow Cylinder Apparatus (HCA) and bender elements, are also presented. Finally, and in view of the research carried out, the main limitations in laboratory tests carried out on these materials are identified.","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"544 1","pages":"14009-14009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/74/e3sconf_is-porto2024_14009.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147900448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of non-linear undrained behaviour in the moderate strain range for fine-grained soils","authors":"Mair Beesley, Erdin Ibraim, Paul J. Vardanega","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202454404007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454404007","url":null,"abstract":"To select appropriate stress-strain parameters for serviceability limit state calculations, an understanding is needed of the likely variation of stress-strain behaviour within the model displacement mechanism. One approach that may be utilised to investigate variations in stress-strain behaviour is by employing a simple non-linear model (with a small number of physically significant parameters) that simulates experimental measurements of soil stress-strain with reasonable precision. By testing the sensitivity of the model parameters to changes in physical properties that can be expected to be related to them the reliability of different models can be established. Recently, empirical analysis of the published triaxial test database RFG/TXCU-278 identified a significant positive correlation between  50 and OCR for four test modes (CIUC, CIUE, CKUC and CKUE). In this paper, a new experimental dataset from a programme of reconstituted soil tests on Kaolin and Bothkennar Clay is used to investigate the validity of a simple non-linear model.","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"544 1","pages":"04007-04007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/74/e3sconf_is-porto2024_04007.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147922317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A weighted Jackknife approach utilizing linear model based-estimators for clustered data.","authors":"Ruofei Du, Ye Jin Choi, Ji-Hyun Lee, Ounpraseuth Songthip, Zhuopei Hu","doi":"10.1080/03610918.2022.2039396","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03610918.2022.2039396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small number of clusters combined with cluster level heterogeneity poses a great challenge for the data analysis. We have published a weighted Jackknife approach to address this issue applying weighted cluster means as the basic estimators. The current study proposes a new version of the weighted delete-one-cluster Jackknife analytic framework, which employs Ordinary Least Squares or Generalized Least Squares estimators as the fundamentals. Algorithms for computing estimated variances of the study estimators have also been derived. Wald test statistics can be further obtained, and the statistical comparison in the outcome means of two conditions is determined using the cluster permutation procedure. The simulation studies show that the proposed framework produces estimates with higher precision and improved power for statistical hypothesis testing compared to other methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1048-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10959512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79826407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing food potatoes from small fraction minitubers obtained under conditions of water-air culture","authors":"VIKTOR I. STAROVOITOV, Olga Starovoitova, A.A. Manokhina","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202449404019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449404019","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, due to the shortage of their own seed material Russian producers of original seed potatoes are interested in using highly efficient cultural practices based on the use of aerohydroponic cultivation technologies. The results of studies conducted in the period of 2019-2021 in order to determine the effectiveness of growing food potatoes from mini-tubers obtained using aerohydroponic systems with a compound nutrient scheme are presented in the work. The field test was launched according to the available procedures on the territory of the Korenevo (Kraskovo) experimental station in the Moscow region on sod-podzolic medium-cultivated, granulometric composition sandy loam soil. Sprouted small fraction mini-tubers of 10-15 mm in size and 3-5 g in weight of the following varieties were planted: Gulliver (early ripening (ER)), Amethyst and Grand (medium early ripening (MER)), Sineglazka and Fritella (midseason variety (MSV)). The research years – 2019, 2020 and 2021 – were characterized, respectively, as humid, very humid and slightly arid. The average yield for all varieties was 16.4 t/ha, including commercial tubers in size – 96.5-98.6%, or 38-89% of the possible potential yield, depending on the variety. The starch content in tubers was within the range of potentially possible values, namely, in Grand (16.5-18.3%), in Sineglazka (16.0- 19.8%) and in Fritella (16.3-17.6%). The nitrate content in potato tubers of all varieties did not exceed MPC – 250 mg/kg. Tubers of all varieties turned out to be quite tasty – 5.5-8.0 points, Gulliver tubers (7.5 points) being found the most delicious, despite the low starch content. Potatoes were sold at a price of 17 rubles/ kg, the income from potato cultivation amounted to 17.2-79.9 thousand rubles/ ha, and profitability was 15.5- 24.5%. The economic feasibility of producing food potatoes grown in the field from mini-tubers of small fractions obtained using aerohydroponic devices with a compound nutrition system has been shown.","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"494 1","pages":"04019-04019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/24/e3sconf_aees2024_04019.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147921253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}