E3S Web of Conferences最新文献

{"title":"Soft-switching dual Active Bridge Converter-based Bidirectional On-Board Charger for Electric Vehicles under Vehicle-to-Grid and Grid-to-Vehicle Control Optimization","authors":"Venkateshwarlu Sonnati, Sairaj Arandhakar, K.S.V. Phani Kumar","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202447201021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447201021","url":null,"abstract":"Electric Vehicles (EVs) are rapidly replacing conventional fuel vehicles, offering powerful, emission-free performance. This paper introduces an innovative three-phase bidirectional charger for Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) applications, strengthening the connection between EVs and the power grid. The charger employs a two-stage power conversion approach with advanced converters and a simplified dq-based charging control strategy. An efficient AC-DC converter facilitates smooth transitions between modes, responding to grid directives for active and reactive power. A Soft Switching Dual Active Bridge (SS-DAB) DC-DC converter optimally interfaces with the EV battery pack, while dual active LCL filters suppress harmonics, enhancing system performance. Simulated results confirm the charger’s effectiveness in a 3.5kW prototype using MATLAB/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"27 9‐10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140444971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review and Psychometric Appraisal of Instruments Measuring Tuberculosis Stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Alanna J Bergman, Katherine McNabb, Jason E Farley","doi":"10.1037/sah0000328","DOIUrl":"10.1037/sah0000328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) stigma is one barrier to TB testing, treatment uptake and treatment completion. Therefore, stigma measurement must be approached through rigorous scientific methodology in order to accurately and reliably estimate the impact of TB stigma on treatment outcomes. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the methods and instruments used to measure TB stigma and interrogate strategies used to culturally validate measures of TB stigma in global research. Two reviewers used the PRISMA method to extract and analyze the existing body of literature on TB stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa. A thorough search was performed using three data bases generating 2,302 independent studies. After systematic screening, this review includes 28 studies. Of those studies, 13 used a psychometrically validated instrument while 15 used informal questionnaires or proxy variables to measure stigma. Psychometric appraisal was limited due to the number of studies that measured stigma using unvalidated questionnaires or proxy variables. The <i>Patient and Community Perceptions of TB scales</i> validated by Van Rie et al. were the most commonly used instruments to measure TB stigma; additionally, many instruments were not culturally or linguistically validated in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our appraisal emphasizes the need for reliable and valid instruments to measure TB stigma in low- and middle-income countries most affected by TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"1 1","pages":"81-93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10901500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79908102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A weighted Jackknife approach utilizing linear model based-estimators for clustered data.","authors":"Ruofei Du, Ye Jin Choi, Ji-Hyun Lee, Ounpraseuth Songthip, Zhuopei Hu","doi":"10.1080/03610918.2022.2039396","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03610918.2022.2039396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small number of clusters combined with cluster level heterogeneity poses a great challenge for the data analysis. We have published a weighted Jackknife approach to address this issue applying weighted cluster means as the basic estimators. The current study proposes a new version of the weighted delete-one-cluster Jackknife analytic framework, which employs Ordinary Least Squares or Generalized Least Squares estimators as the fundamentals. Algorithms for computing estimated variances of the study estimators have also been derived. Wald test statistics can be further obtained, and the statistical comparison in the outcome means of two conditions is determined using the cluster permutation procedure. The simulation studies show that the proposed framework produces estimates with higher precision and improved power for statistical hypothesis testing compared to other methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1048-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10959512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79826407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Improves Physical Capacity, Cognition, Quality of Life and Promotes Neurotrophic Factors in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Mehmet Açık, Seçkin Şenışık, Dilek Taşkıran, Tolga Akşit, Ramazan Aydınoğlu, Ayşe Nur Yüceyar","doi":"10.29399/npa.28302","DOIUrl":"10.29399/npa.28302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We aimed to determine the effect of regular exercise on aerobic capacity, strength values, and plasma levels of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and investigate its effects on MS symptoms including cognitive impairment, fatigue, balance disorders, and quality of life (QOL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-three relapsing-remitting MS patients with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 4 or less participated in the study. Participants were divided into three groups: aerobic group, strength group, and control group. The patients in the exercise groups had exercise programs three days a week for three months. Aerobic capacity (maximum VO₂ value), strength measurements, and balance tests were done, and NGF and NT-3 plasma levels were analyzed in all participants at the beginning and end of the study. Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQoL-54), fatigue impact scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and, to evaluate cognitive functions, BICAMS scale were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aerobic exercise and strength exercise groups had significant increases in VO₂ max, back and leg strength values, and NGF and NT-3 plasma levels (p<0.01). Cognitive functions, fatigue, sleep quality, and QOL significantly improved in the exercise groups (p<0.01). The balance values were also significantly improved in the aerobic group (p<0.01), and althoughimprovement although improvement was observed in the strength group, it was not statistically significant (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study provides evidence that regular exercise improves quality of life, cognitive functions, fatigue, and sleep quality in MS patients. The levels of NGF and NT-3, which are important factors in neural regeneration and remyelination, were increased post exercise. It can be suggested that exercise may have a potential effect on MS and slow down the disease process with these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"1 1","pages":"335-343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10709708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79832347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified boron-carbon nanotubes as effective sensor devices for environmental pollution control","authors":"E. Dryuchkov, Irina Zaporotskova, D. Zvonareva","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202341903005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341903005","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a theoretical study of the sensing properties of a functionalized amino-group boron-carbon nanotube of the zig-zag type (6.0) containing equal amounts of carbon and boron is discussed. Such a nanotube could act as an element of a sensor device for environmental protection. The simulation was performed within a molecular cluster model using the DFT computational method, the B3LYP functional and the 6-31G basis set. The main characteristics of nanotube functionalization, its sorption and sensory activity with respect to the alkali metal atoms Li, Na, and K are obtained. It is concluded that the system can be used to detect the presence of alkali metal atoms.","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57816970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disc-Oedema Toxoplasmosis.","authors":"Parthopratim Dutta Majumder, Jyotirmay Biswas","doi":"10.1080/01658107.2023.2242969","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01658107.2023.2242969","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"1 1","pages":"309-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10735275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79789331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We'll never have a model of an AI major-general: Artificial Intelligence, command decisions, and kitsch visions of war.","authors":"Cameron Hunter, Bleddyn E Bowen","doi":"10.1080/01402390.2023.2241648","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01402390.2023.2241648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Military AI optimists predict future AI assisting or making command decisions. We instead argue that, at a fundamental level, these predictions are dangerously wrong. The nature of war demands decisions based on abductive logic, whilst machine learning (or 'narrow AI') relies on inductive logic. The two forms of logic are not interchangeable, and therefore AI's limited utility in command - both tactical and strategic - is not something that can be solved by more data or more computing power. Many defence and government leaders are therefore proceeding with a false view of the nature of AI and of war itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"1 1","pages":"116-146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10941604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79864586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Biocatalysis within Us: The Underexplored Xenobiotic Biotransformation Potential of the Urinary Tract Microbiota.","authors":"Thierry D Marti, Milo R Schärer, Serina L Robinson","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2023.424","DOIUrl":"10.2533/chimia.2023.424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enzymatic biotransformation of xenobiotics by the human microbiota mediates diet-drug-microbe-host interactions and affects human health. Most research on xenobiotics has focused on the gut microbiota while neglecting other body sites, yet over two-thirds of pharmaceuticals are primarily excreted in urine. As a result, the urinary microbiota is exposed to many xenobiotics in much higher concentrations than in the gut. Microbial xenobiotic biocatalysis in the bladder has implications for urinary tract infections and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. However, we have limited knowledge of biotransformations catalyzed by the urinary microbiota. In this perspective, we investigated differences in physicochemical conditions and microbial community composition between the gut and urinary tract. We used a comparative enzyme class mining approach to profile the distribution of xenobiotic-transforming enzyme homologs in genomes of urinary bacteria. Our analysis revealed a discontinuous distribution of enzyme classes even among closely related organisms. We detected diverse amidase homologs involved in pharmaceutical and dietary additive biotransformation pathways, pinpointing microbial candidates to validate for their involvement in xenobiotic transformations in urine. Overall, we highlight the biocatalytic potential of urinary tract bacteria as a lens to study how the human microbiota may respond and adapt to xenobiotic inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"1 1","pages":"424-431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79862503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface","authors":"N. Novitsky, B. Serttter, V. R. Chupin, E. Khaltar, L. Korelstein, V. A. Stennikov, M. Sukharev","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202339700001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339700001","url":null,"abstract":"Euro Asia Civil Engineering Forum (EACEF) was founded in 2006 in Stuttgart – Germany. The founders of EACEF are Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harianto Hardjasaputra, Professor of Pembangunan Jaya University – Indonesia, and Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karl-Heinz Reineck, Senior Lecturer of the University of Stuttgart-Germany. Both would like to further their many years of cooperation with their international colleagues (especially those from Europe and Asia) through EACEF. EACEF is a forum to promote cooperation and understanding between European and Asian countries, focusing on Civil Engineering expertise. EACEF will play an essential role as the bridge between these two continents in linking European and Asian Civil Engineers, especially those committed to sustainable development and environmentally friendly buildings. The conference has been conducted biannually since 2007 in Jakarta, Indonesia, and has been conducted in several countries as well. The details of previous conferences can be found at https://eacef.com/. As the biannual conference, the 8th EACEF conference should be conducted in September 2021. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the EACEF committee decided to postpone the 8th EACEF conference to October 2022.\u0000 This Proceeding contains papers based on invited keynote speeches and oral presentations at the 8th EACEF conference 2022 “Advanced and Innovative Technology for Sustainable Infrastructure”. The event was held on October 4th-5th 2022 at OST Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland and on October 12th-13th at University of Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The event covered several topics: “Structural Engineering”, “Construction Material”, “Construction Management”, “Infrastructure Engineering”, and “Geotechnical Engineering”.\u0000 The conference started with plenary sessions of keynote speakers on October 4th-5th 2022 (online presentation) and followed by technical sessions on October 12th-13th 2022 (hybrid presentation) which were divided into three parallel sessions. Each keynote speech took 30 minutes for presentation and discussion while speakers in technical sessions were given 10 minutes and 5 minutes for presentation and discussion, respectively. There was a total of 13 keynote speakers and 64 presenters which consist of both academicians and professionals from Indonesia as well as other countries such as China, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, Morocco, United States of America, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, United Kingdom, and Australia. Zoom video conferencing application was used in the event which served the event very well.\u0000 Finally, please allow us to thank all participants in the 8th EACEF conference 2022. We hope that the conference is beneficial in sharing advanced knowledge in the field of Civil Engineering. We would also like to thank our colleagues who have organized the conference. Indeed, it was a successful conference. Last but not least, we also would like to express our gratitude for the sponsors that have supp","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48940517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and Utility of Internet Image Search as a Learning Tool for Retinal Pathology.","authors":"Lucy V Cobbs, Hytham Al-Hindi, Cherie Fathy, Raziyeh Mahmoudzadeh, Tara Uhler, David Xu","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1768025","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1768025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>  Ophthalmology residency training heavily relies on visual and pattern recognition-based learning. In parallel with traditional reference texts, online internet search via Google Image Search (GIS) is commonly used and offers an accessible fund of reference images for ophthalmology trainees seeking rapid exposure to images of retinal pathology. However, the accuracy and quality of this tool within this context is unknown. We aim to evaluate the accuracy and quality of GIS images of selected retinal pathologies. <b>Methods</b>  A cross-sectional study was performed of GIS of 15 common and 15 rare retinal diseases drawn from the American Academy of Ophthalmology residency textbook series. A total of 300 evaluable image results were assessed for accuracy of images and image source accountability in consultation with a vitreoretinal surgeon. <b>Results</b>  A total of 377 images were reviewed with 77 excluded prior to final analysis. A total of 288 (96%) search results accurately portrayed the retinal disease being searched, whereas 12 (4%) were of an erroneous diagnosis. More images of common retinal diseases were from patient education Web sites than were images of rare diseases ( <i>p</i>  < 0.01). Significantly more images of rare retinal diseases were found in peer-reviewed sources ( <i>p</i>  = 0.01). <b>Conclusions</b>  GIS search results yielded a modest level of accuracy for the purposes of ophthalmic education. Despite the ease and rapidity of accessing multimodal retinal imaging examples, this tool may best be suited as a supplementary resource for learning among residents due to limited accuracy, lack of sufficient supporting information, and the source Web site's focus on patient education.</p>","PeriodicalId":11445,"journal":{"name":"E3S Web of Conferences","volume":"1 1","pages":"e93-e98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79859751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}