Ecological Research最新文献

{"title":"Food web structures of irrigated rice fields estimated from carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes: Special reference to the role of filamentous green algae as a food resource of aquatic consumers","authors":"Natsuru Yasuno,&nbsp;Gen Kanaya,&nbsp;Eisuke Kikuchi","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12454","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12454","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rice fields are characterized by high algal production and dense mats of filamentous green algae, and they function as habitats for various aquatic organisms. However, how algal production supports the secondary production of aquatic consumers in rice fields has not been assessed. Herein, aquatic food web structures in two adjacent rice fields in northeastern Japan were examined using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses. Filamentous algae often showed higher δ¹³C values (mean, −23.1‰ to −21.4‰) than other organic matter sources, including particulate organic matter, benthic microalgae, and soil organic matter (−30.1‰ to −25.4‰). A δ¹³C-based isotopic mixing model estimated that among 19 taxa of herbivores and omnivores, most taxa depended on filamentous algae-derived carbon (ca. &gt;30%). Particularly, <i>Peltodytes intermedius</i> larvae, a specialist feeder for filamentous algae, showed the highest reliance (mean, 66.7%–80.0%). The microcrustacean, Ostracoda sp. also utilized a diet consisting of a substantial proportion of filamentous algae-derived carbon (57.6%). Seven out of 10 carnivorous taxa showed reliance on filamentous algae-derived carbon by &gt;30%. Particularly, larvae of beetles (<i>Berosus</i> sp., <i>Enochrus</i> sp., and <i>Hydrochara affinis</i>) showed the highest reliance (40.2%–44.3%). They could assimilate filamentous algae-based carbon by consuming herbivores, such as <i>P. intermedius</i>. Because fresh filamentous green algae were eaten less by aquatic consumers, the herbivores could consume decomposed filamentous algae rather than fresh ones. Our results suggest that filamentous algae are one of the major organic matter sources supporting secondary production in rice field food webs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 3","pages":"318-329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1440-1703.12454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140008513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Database of aquatic macrophytes in Japanese lakes","authors":"Syou Kato,&nbsp;Takashi Shiga,&nbsp;Takashi Yamanouchi,&nbsp;Jun Nishihiro","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12449","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12449","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Macrophytes, comprising aquatic vascular plants, bryophytes, and macroalgae, including charophytes, are crucial components of lake ecosystems. Their diversity affects ecosystem functions and services, and they are sensitive to environmental changes, making them effective indicators of lake health. Historical records of macrophyte species composition are essential for evaluating environmental changes and conservation goals. In this study, we compiled a comprehensive database of macrophytes, along with lake and survey information from the literature, providing a historical record of macrophyte biodiversity for lakes in Japan. This database enables the analysis of changes in the flora of Japanese lakes and fluctuations in species distribution, facilitating future monitoring. The complete dataset for this abstract published in the Data Article section of the journal is available in MetaCat in JaLTER at http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/JaLTER/metacat/metacat/ERDP-2024-02.1/jalter-en.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 3","pages":"368-379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139951375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Mining” the herbarium for hyperaccumulators: Discoveries of nickel and zinc (hyper)accumulation in the genus Noccaea (Brassicaceae) through X-ray fluorescence herbarium scanning","authors":"Ksenija Jakovljević,&nbsp;Tomica Mišljenović,&nbsp;Antony van der Ent,&nbsp;Alan J. M. Baker,&nbsp;Vanessa R. Invernón,&nbsp;Guillaume Echevarria","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12448","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12448","url":null,"abstract":"<p>X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is a relatively new method for non-destructive elemental analysis of herbarium material that meets the scientific interest in being capable of discovering new hyperaccumulator plant species. Since the genus <i>Noccaea</i> (Brassicaceae family) is known to be one of the most numerous in term of the hyperaccumulator plant species it contains, especially those that hyperaccumulate Ni, the herbarium material available worldwide represents a great resource for expanding our knowledge of their elemental profiles. In this first systematic XRF scanning of herbarium specimens of the genus <i>Noccaea</i>, a total of 794 specimens from the collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris (MNHN) were analyzed, and the raw values obtained were corrected using regression formulas against inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy data. Hyperaccumulation of Ni was detected in 90 specimens covering 21 taxa, with Ni concentrations reaching up to 48,700 mg kg⁻¹ in <i>Noccaea cappadocica</i>, an ultramaficophyte from Syria. Zinc concentrations above the hyperaccumulation threshold were found in 210 specimens covering 23 taxa, most of which belonged to different subspecies of <i>Noccaea caerulescens</i>, with the highest concentration reaching up to 56,200 mg kg⁻¹ in <i>N. caerulescens</i> subsp. <i>caerulescens</i>. Although the accumulation of Ni and Zn is contrasting in most of the specimens studied, in 10 specimens, predominantly belonging to <i>N</i>. <i>caerulescens</i>, simultaneous hyperaccumulation of Ni and Zn was found. This study also revealed previously unknown hyperaccumulation of Ni in several <i>Noccaea</i> taxa, as well as a simultaneous hyperaccumulation of Ni and Zn that needs to be confirmed by further experimental and field studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 4","pages":"450-459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary and ecological trends in the Neotropical cycad genus Dioon (Zamiaceae): An example of success of evolutionary stasis","authors":"José Said Gutiérrez-Ortega,&nbsp;Miguel Angel Pérez-Farrera,&nbsp;Mitsuhiko P. Sato,&nbsp;Ayumi Matsuo,&nbsp;Yoshihisa Suyama,&nbsp;Andrew P. Vovides,&nbsp;Francisco Molina-Freaner,&nbsp;Tadashi Kajita,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Watano","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12442","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12442","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cycads represent an example of the success of evolutionary stasis. Despite their early origin, they survived multiple events of mass extinction and diversified in modern tropical ecosystems during the Cenozoic without major changes in their morphology. What factors have allowed their persistence and diversification despite their conservative nature? We reviewed documentation on the micro- and macro-evolutionary processes involved in the diversification of the Neotropical genus <i>Dioon</i>. <i>Dioon</i> comprises 18 species from varied habitats in Mexico and Honduras, and serves as a model to understand the patterns of cycad diversification. Here, we synthesize evidence reached from different fields, especially biogeography, phylogenetics, population ecology, and speciation, to propose a mechanism that can explain the current patterns of biodiversity in <i>Dioon</i>. At the macroevolutionary scale, a Paleogene origin for <i>Dioon</i> is more likely than an alternative hypothesis of a Neogene origin. <i>Dioon</i> lineages have dispersed along with the expansion of tropical forests throughout main mountain chains. Subsequently, climate change, and particularly aridification, promoted the fragmentation of the tropical forests, allowing the main <i>Dioon</i> clades to evolve in isolation at distinct biogeographic regimes. At the microevolutionary scale, low seed dispersal capability, stochastic demographic processes, and niche conservatism restrict the lineages to isolate themselves at narrow habitats, promoting local adaptation in populations. Local adaptation seems to be a process achieved through many generations under stabilizing selection. Altogether, these processes shaped the diversification in <i>Dioon</i>. This review attempts to stimulate further research on cycads and other biological groups that have diversified despite their apparent evolutionary stasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 2","pages":"131-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1440-1703.12442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139656891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking small mammal capture probability with understory structural complexity using a mobile laser scanning-derived metric: A case study","authors":"Scott M. Appleby,&nbsp;Ieva Bebre,&nbsp;Hannes Riebl,&nbsp;Niko Balkenhol,&nbsp;Dominik Seidel","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12447","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12447","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forest understory complexity is important for many species, from large herbivores such as deer to small mammals such as mice and voles. For species that utilize the forest understory on a very small scale, it is often impractical to conduct correspondingly fine-grained manual surveys of the understory, and thus few studies consider this small-scale variation in understory complexity and instead work with average values on a larger scale. We explored the use of a mobile laser scanning derived understory complexity measure—understory roughness—to predict the capture probability of two representative small mammal species, the yellow-necked mouse (<i>Apodemus flavicollis</i>) and the bank vole (<i>Clethrionomys glareolus</i>). We found a positive relationship between capture probability and understory roughness for both bank voles and yellow-necked mice. Our results suggest that mobile laser scanning is a promising technology for measuring understory complexity in an ecologically meaningful way.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 3","pages":"360-367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1440-1703.12447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139656893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest tree community ecology and plant–soil feedback: Theory and evidence","authors":"Kohmei Kadowaki","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12445","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12445","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mounting evidence suggests that reciprocal interactions between plants and the soil microbiota can be a primary force that generates key macroscopic patterns of plant communities (coexistence, dominance, and succession) in forest ecosystems. The aim of this article is to review empirical and theoretical perspectives of plant–soil feedback research in the context of forest community ecology. I first use a simple theoretical model to get insights into an array of the dynamics generated by plant–soil feedback: negative plant–soil feedback maintains plant species diversity and reduces plant growth, while positive plant–soil feedback drives plant growth of certain species and hence their dominance. I then describe how ecologists have unveiled the enormously complex plant-microbiota interaction (i.e., the soil conditioning experiment) and review the linkage of plant–soil feedback with three key plant community patterns: (i) dominance, (ii) spatial structure and (iii) succession. I highlight one belowground plant trait (mycorrhizal type) that can mediate these linkages: arbuscular mycorrhizal species tend to exhibit negative plant–soil feedback while ectomycorrhizal species tend to exhibit positive plant–soil feedback. Although mycorrhizal plant–soil feedback potentially explains the patterns of tree diversity from local to global scales, many questions remain. Future studies should expand plant–soil feedback theory to incorporate numerous other feedback mechanisms and test how mycorrhizal types mediate the net feedback effects that could propagate to shape large-scale forest structures and dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 3","pages":"257-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1440-1703.12445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139657046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eclipta thermalis, a previously common weed, threatened by the expansion of the exotic congener E. alba in Japanese rice paddies","authors":"Yoshiaki Kameyama,&nbsp;Hiroki Moriwaki,&nbsp;Yuto Suzuki,&nbsp;Masaaki Fujiyoshi","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12446","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12446","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rice paddies are wetland ecosystems recognized as important habitats for many organisms; however, the hybridization-related extinction risk of native plant species has not been investigated in this system so far. <i>Eclipta</i> L. (Compositae) is a common paddy weed in Japan; however, its genetic composition might be altered due to the hybridization between the native <i>E. thermalis</i> and the closely related exotic <i>E. alba</i>. We examined <i>Eclipta</i>'s genetic composition using 12 microsatellite markers (612 samples collected from 109 populations) and found (i) widespread geographical distribution of <i>E. alba</i> in Japan, (ii) hybridization with <i>E. thermalis</i>, and a large number of later-generation hybrids, and (iii) widely varying situations among regions and populations. <i>Eclipta alba</i> appears to have invaded an open niche in northern Japan but has not yet reached southern Japan. Both <i>E. alba</i> and <i>E. thermalis</i> were found in central Japan; however, the latter had become rare due to hybridization-mediated processes such as competition, and demographic and genetic swamping. Notably, endogenous and exogenous selection plays an important role in the invasion of <i>E. alba</i>, but to varying degrees among different areas. In summary, considering the genetic variability in <i>E. thermalis</i>, the genetic cluster of mainland Japan is in a highly critical situation due to the invasion of <i>E. alba</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 3","pages":"303-317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139657072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The discovery and global distribution of hyperaccumulator plants: A personal account","authors":"Roger D. Reeves","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12444","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12444","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An instance of extreme accumulation of Zn by a plant species was found in the 19th century, and observations of unusually high concentrations of other elements (Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb, As, Se) were recorded between the 1920s and 1970s. Of relevance to the study of ultramafic areas and their floras is the occurrence of extreme Ni accumulation. The term “hyperaccumulator” was introduced in 1976 to signify a species exhibiting a concentration that can be hundreds or thousands of times greater than that usually found in plants on most common soils. Concentration criteria that allow a species to be regarded as a hyperaccumulator have been defined and refined from time to time. The following account details my own involvement in the discovery of new examples of metal hyperaccumulation, with particular emphasis on Ni accumulation by plants of ultramafic floras worldwide. The interest in hyperaccumulators has prompted investigations into different aspects of the biota of metalliferous soils. The search for new examples of hyperaccumulation continues, aided in part by non-destructive X-ray fluorescence scanning of herbarium specimens, which previously served as a resource providing small fragments for sensitive but destructive analysis. Identification of species as hyperaccumulators must be supported by further field exploration to understand the factors governing the level of metal uptake, and to stimulate further work on plant systematics, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. Applications to phytoremediation and agromining are worth pursuing in some cases. Conservation issues are important because many hyperaccumulators are rare and restricted in their distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 4","pages":"416-436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139586133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed flotation in some widespread, oceanic-dispersed trees and their island-endemic congeners","authors":"Jedediah F. Brodie,&nbsp;Joaquin R. Brodie,&nbsp;Niko P. Brodie","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12443","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12443","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Variation in plant dispersal capabilities strongly influences the assembly of island plant communities. Many tropical plants have seeds capable of long-distance, often oceanic, dispersal; in some cases, these taxa speciate into island interior endemics with reduced dispersal capabilities, though whether this is a general pattern is debated. Flotation times are highly variable among plants with oceanic dispersal and between such plants and their inland congeners. Here, we experimentally compared salt-water flotation in three woody plant genera in Palau, Micronesia, comparing broadly distributed and island endemic species within each genus. The widespread <i>Calophyllum inophyllum</i> (with oceanic and vertebrate dispersal), <i>C. soulattri</i> (vertebrate dispersal), and <i>Terminalia catappa</i> had substantially longer flotation than their inland endemic relatives <i>C. pelewense</i> and <i>T. crassipes</i>. This supports the “Loss of dispersal ability” hypothesis for <i>Calophyllum</i> though, for <i>Terminalia</i>, additional phylogenetic information is needed to determine <i>T. crassipes</i>' sister species. Seed flotation in the widespread, oceanic dispersed <i>Pandanus tectorius</i> did not significantly differ from that of the Palau endemics <i>P. palawensis</i> and <i>P. aimiriikensis</i>. Our results highlight that differences among taxa in dispersal modes, speciation modes, and their interactions may influence the assembly of island floras.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 3","pages":"353-359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Element accumulation by the holoparasitic species Cuscuta planiflora from serpentines in Bulgaria","authors":"Dolja Pavlova,&nbsp;Irina Karadjova,&nbsp;Aida Bani","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12440","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12440","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The holoparasitic species <i>Cuscuta planiflora</i> Ten. (Convolvulaceae) parasitizes the Ni hyperaccumulator <i>Odontarrhena muralis</i> (Waldst. &amp; Kit.) Endl. and a non-hyperaccumulator, <i>Sanguisorba minor</i> Scop., in Bulgarian serpentine areas. This study investigated the host/parasite relationship to evaluate: (1) metal accumulation in different parts of the parasite and the host and (2) its potential threat to Ni phytomining/agromining by suppressing growth of the hyperaccumulator. Elemental concentrations in soil, shoots, leaves, and inflorescences of the two host plants, and in shoots and inflorescences of the parasite, were determined. Elemental concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, and Pb were determined after microwave digestion using inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) under optimal instrumental parameters. Individuals of hosts, both infected and non-infected, differed in the concentrations of essential elements (P, K) and some micronutrients. Infected individuals of <i>O. muralis</i> showed lower Ni concentrations in shoots, leaves, and inflorescences compared to non-infected ones. <i>Sanguisorba minor</i> is an excluder plant with low tissue Ni concentrations. The parasite had higher P and K, and lower Ca, Mg, Ni, Zn, Co, and Mn concentrations, than the host. The highest Ni concentration measured in the shoots of <i>C. planiflora</i> was 279 mg kg⁻¹, whereas that from <i>S. minor</i> was 29.9 mg kg⁻¹. Element transfer from host to parasite appeared element-specific and after infection Ni concentrations in all organs and biomass of hosts were reduced. We conclude that infection by <i>C. planiflora</i> is a potential threat to use of <i>O. muralis</i> for Ni agromining.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 4","pages":"437-449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139465447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}