Ecological Research最新文献

{"title":"Plant strategy of root system architecture and exudates for acquiring soil nutrients","authors":"Kazumichi Fujii","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12477","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12477","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vascular plants develop diverse root system architectures and exudates to facilitate acquisition of soil nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). Plant species have inherently specific properties of root system architectures and exudates, but some plants exhibit high plasticity to respond to spatiotemporal variations in soil nutrient forms and availability. This paper synthesizes evidence on how plant species diversity and root plasticity contribute to soil nutrient mobilization and uptake in plants from the tropics to the Arctic with varying plant species diversity. The development of finer roots in the surface soil is a well-known strategy for the acquisition of limited nutrients (especially phosphorus), but the allocation of roots foraging “nutrient hotspots” in deeper soil (podzolic soil or permafrost-affected soils) is an alternative strategy for coniferous trees tested in the Arctic and boreal forests. This contrasts with findings in tropical forests, where diverse plant species with different capacities of organic acid exudation coexist and species composition shifts in response to phosphorus deficiency. In particular, high malate exudation from roots and rhizosphere microbes stimulates phosphorus solubilization, aluminum detoxification, and lignin degradation in acidic soils. The diversity and plasticity of the root system architecture, root exudation, and the flexibility of nutrient sources mitigate nutrient limitation in soil. Root plasticity facilitating soil nutrient acquisition has a large impact on biogeochemistry and soil formation, such as podzolization, in the long term.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 5","pages":"623-633"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1440-1703.12477","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Announcement of the 24th Ecological Research Paper Award","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1703.12474","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 3","pages":"407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can vermicomposting be used to process hyperaccumulator biomass in nickel agromining?","authors":"Celestino Quintela-Sabarís,&nbsp;Adrián Fernández Dosouto,&nbsp;María Gómez-Brandón,&nbsp;Jorge Domínguez","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12479","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12479","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hyperaccumulator plants are a botanical curiosity that have allowed the development of agromining of metals, with a special focus on nickel. In nickel agromining, this element is recovered from ashed hyperaccumulators cultivated on metal-rich soils. In order to explore bio-based approaches for the decomposition of hyperaccumulator biomass and nickel recovery that do not include burning, we performed a vermicomposting experiment using the earthworm species <i>Eisenia andrei</i> and the biomass of <i>Bornmuellera emarginata</i> (which contained almost 1% of nickel). We conducted our experiment for 12 weeks and assessed the decomposition process of the hyperaccumulator biomass, changes in earthworm number and biomass, and changes in nickel concentration and mobility. Despite the initial mortality and an increase of Ni concentration in earthworm tissues, <i>E. andrei</i> was able to decompose <i>B. emarginata</i> biomass. This process also showed a massive colonization of the biomass by a fungus during the first weeks of the assay. Our results indicate that the vermicomposted hyperaccumulator biomass had a higher nickel concentration than the starting material but the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-extractable nickel decreased. At the same time, due to earthworm activity, the nickel was redistributed and diluted in the vermicompost bedding, reducing the interest of this approach for agromining, but opening the perspective of using the vermicomposted hyperaccumulator biomass as an organic amendment in nickel-deficient crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 4","pages":"611-620"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1440-1703.12479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140929087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aluminum dynamics in nitrogen‐saturated Andisols in Tokyo","authors":"Mitsuhisa Baba, Masanori Okazaki, Yuko Itoh, Kazuhide Matsuda, Fuka Tachiyanagi, Koki Toyota","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1703.12480","url":null,"abstract":"The debate over whether forests around the Tokyo metropolitan area are nitrogen (N) saturation persists, as atmospheric N deposition in throughfall has decreased. This decrease is evidenced by a notable decline in samples collected in the 1990s (especially 1991–1992 and 1995). This decline can be attributed to a reduction in nitrogen oxide (NO<jats:sub><jats:italic>x</jats:italic></jats:sub>) emissions from automobiles. The acidity derived from N deposition can increase aluminum (Al) mobility. We conducted a monitoring study from September 2010 to December 2021 to elucidate the effects of decreased N deposition on Al concentrations and flux in a forested Andisol. Throughfall and soil‐percolated water samples were collected under stands of Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress in Hachioji, Tokyo (Field Museum Tamakyuryo). Major inorganic ions were determined by ion chromatography. Total Al concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry after concentration under acidic conditions. Aluminum and nitrate () concentrations were significantly correlated in the both Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress stands. In the case of the Japanese cedar stand, Al concentrations tended to decrease over time from November 2010 to May 2015. Based on stepwise multiple regression analysis, acid load associated with N transformation ([H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>]<jats:sub>load</jats:sub>) was chosen as the sole factor affecting Al mobilization in the Japanese cedar stand. Decreased N deposition affects Al dynamics via a decrease in [H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>]<jats:sub>load</jats:sub>.","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140929089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An updated checklist of serpentinophytes for research and conservation in ultramafic ecosystems on the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain)","authors":"Andrés V. Pérez-Latorre,&nbsp;Nazaret Keen,&nbsp;Federico Casimiro-Soriguer,&nbsp;Estefany Goncalves,&nbsp;Noelia Hidalgo-Triana","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12478","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12478","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although checklists are essential tools for managing and conserving ultramafic ecosystems, no updated checklist currently exists for ultramafic ecosystems on the southern Iberian Peninsula. Thus, the objectives of our study were (1) to create an updated checklist of serpentinophytes on southern Iberian Peninsula, (2) to determine whether the distribution of serpentinophytes is associated with certain specific types of ultramafic rocks, and (3) to calculate the abundance and richness of serpentinophytes per outcrop to guide conservation efforts. Following a methodology involving field work and searches of bibliographies and herbaria we produced an updated checklist containing 28 serpentinophytes (i.e., 23 obligates, one preferential taxon, one sub-serpentinophyte, and three regional serpentinophytes). The serpentinophytes showed different petrological affinity, where harzburgite–lherzolite and harzburgite–pyroxenite–dunite exhibited higher occupancy, possibly due to their mineralogical and chemical composition (e.g., containing heavy metals) and/or the larger surface area of those outcrops. We also observed that the occupancy of 21 species was higher in different petrographic entities, the reasons for which could be elucidated by future soil analyses. The highest richness of serpentinophytes was found in the main outcrop of Bermeja, followed by smaller outcrops of Alpujata, Aguas, and Guadalhorce Valley. Although the richness of Aguas resembled that of Alpujata, a notable difference emerged in some of its areas owing to bioclimatic and biogeographic isolation. Given the exclusive presence of serpentinophyte flora on the southern Iberian Peninsula, all southern Iberian outcrops should receive some form of conservation as protected natural spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 4","pages":"543-562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1440-1703.12478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140929096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elemental localization in inflorescences of the hyperaccumulators Noccaea praecox and Noccaea caerulescens (Brassicaceae)","authors":"Ksenija Jakovljević,&nbsp;Tomica Mišljenović,&nbsp;Dennis Brueckner,&nbsp;Julien Jacquet,&nbsp;Gabrielle Michaudel,&nbsp;Antony van der Ent","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12473","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Noccaea praecox</i> and <i>Noccaea caerulescens</i> (Brassicaceae) are nickel and zinc hyperaccumulators, native to Europe. To date, most studies have focused on metal accumulation in the leaves, whereas the distribution of metals in the inflorescences of hyperaccumulator plants remains largely unexplored, but of great interest in the context of adaptation to fertility and (insect) pollination. Samples of <i>N. praecox</i> from an ultramafic site and <i>N. caerulescens</i> from an industrially contaminated site were used for synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) analysis. The results showed that nickel and zinc in the flowers of <i>N</i>. <i>praecox</i> are mainly distributed in the receptacle, ovary, and anthers, but at different concentrations. Similar results were found in <i>N</i>. <i>caerulescens</i>, with the greatest accumulation in the receptacle and ovary, especially in the walls, however at lower levels in the anthers. Although the leaves of <i>N</i>. <i>praecox</i> and <i>N</i>. <i>caerulescens</i> are the main deposition sites for nickel and zinc, significant concentrations of these elements were deposited in the flowers, especially in the pistils and anthers, indicating possible negative effects on fertility and pollinator species.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 4","pages":"588-595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1440-1703.12473","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assisting nickel agromining using sustainable amendments","authors":"Alexis Durand,&nbsp;Léa Jafeu,&nbsp;Pierre Leglize,&nbsp;Emile Benizri","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12476","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12476","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the challenges of agromining is the adoption of more environmentally-friendly solutions to improve plant biomass yields and Ni concentrations in plants. Here, we focused on four sustainable solutions for optimizing nickel phytoextraction by the hyperaccumulator <i>Odontarrhena chalcidica</i>: a biostimulant, another biostimulant/plant defense stimulator, artificial root exudates, and a biodegradable metal chelator. Their effects on the growth and physiology of <i>O. chalcidica</i>, on Ni phytoextraction capacity, on physicochemical soil characteristics, and on the diversity of rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria were compared to a conventional mineral fertilizer. A 5-month pot experiment was carried out with <i>O. chalcidica</i> growing on an ultramafic soil. Element concentrations in both soil and plant were measured. Moreover, numerous compounds were analyzed (photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde, flavonoids, free amino acids, and starch). We also characterized rhizosphere and endophytic bacterial communities associated with this hyperaccumulator. Biostimulants appeared to be a promising way of improving Ni concentration in shoots and plant biomass production, and showed a positive effect on bacterial richness and diversity. In contrast, our experiments did not show that artificial exudates and mineral fertilizer had a positive effect on Ni phytoextraction. Finally, the biodegradable chelator had no significant effect. The use of sustainable amendments into a Ni agromining system improved both plant biomass and Ni yields, in comparison to mineral fertilization. Thus, improving agromining by replacing mineral fertilizers would be an eco-efficient strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 4","pages":"563-587"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the use of deep learning models for land cover classification from street-level imagery","authors":"Narumasa Tsutsumida,&nbsp;Jing Zhao,&nbsp;Naho Shibuya,&nbsp;Kenlo Nasahara,&nbsp;Takeo Tadono","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12470","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12470","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Land cover classification mapping is the process of assigning labels to different types of land surfaces based on overhead imagery. However, acquiring reference samples through fieldwork for ground truth can be costly and time-intensive. Additionally, annotating high-resolution satellite images poses challenges, as certain land cover types are difficult to discern solely from nadir images. To address these challenges, this study examined the feasibility of using street-level imagery to support the collection of reference samples and identify land cover. We utilized 18,022 images captured in Japan, with 14 different land cover classes. Our approach involved using convolutional neural networks based on Inception-v4 and DenseNet, as well as Transformer-based Vision and Swin Transformers, both with and without pre-trained weights and fine-tuning techniques. Additionally, we explored explainability through Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM). Our results indicate that using a Vision Transformer was the most effective method, achieving an overall accuracy of 86.12% and allowing for full explainability of land cover targets within an image. This paper proposes a promising solution for land cover classification from street-level imagery, which can be used for semi-automatic reference sample collection from geo-tagged street-level photos.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 5","pages":"757-765"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1440-1703.12470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140666743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citizen‐participatory nationwide survey of mountain streamwater chemistry in Japan in 2022: Comparison of nitrate concentrations with the 2003 survey","authors":"Soyoka Makino, Naoko Tokuchi, Daisuke Akaishi, Lina A. Koyama, Yukio Komai, Yoshimi Itaya, Nay Lin Maung, Kanae Ishimaru, Tomoki Oda, Rei Shibata, Shinya Numamoto","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1703.12465","url":null,"abstract":"Mountain streamwater chemistry is an effective indicator of forest condition. In 2022, we conducted a nationwide investigation of mountain streamwater chemistry in Japan, leveraging citizen‐participatory sampling. This approach involved 629 individuals with regular exposure to mountain and natural environments. Although our primary aim was to sample at locations from a 2003 study, we also welcomed samples from new sites. In total, 1414 streamwater samples were collected one time from each forested watershed at the baseflow condition. Our study focused on stream nitrate (NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sup>−</jats:sup>) concentration as a key indicator of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) loading impacts on forests. We compared NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sup>−</jats:sup> concentrations in 2022 with those from 2003 at identical sampling points. After excluding 179 points with evident human‐created features upstream, the mean NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sup>−</jats:sup> concentration in 2022 was 0.328 mg N L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 1236). Comparing data from 1088 points sampled in both years, the mean value in 2022 (0.324 mg N L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) was significantly lower than that in 2003 (0.359 mg N L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Notably, 88.5% of sampling points showed differences within ±0.25 mg N L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. The spatial distribution pattern of mountain stream NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sup>−</jats:sup> concentrations in 2022 did not consistently align with large cities, industrial areas, or N deposition sources. This unique approach marked the first nationwide participatory survey for collecting mountain streamwater in Japan. Our success in ensuring sample quality through accessible explanations, manuals, and videos demonstrates the potential of citizen science. However, the quantitative evaluation of scientific accuracy remains a forthcoming challenge.","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographical gradient of the structure and diversity of a woody plant community in a seasonally dry tropical forest in northwestern Madagascar","authors":"Yutaro Fujimoto,&nbsp;Takayuki Kaneko,&nbsp;Hiroki Sato,&nbsp;Ando Harilalao Rakotomamonjy,&nbsp;Zo Lalaina Razafiarison,&nbsp;Kaoru Kitajima","doi":"10.1111/1440-1703.12475","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1440-1703.12475","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Few studies have evaluated the structure and dynamics of forests in Madagascar with high levels of endemism. Ankarafantsika National Park holds the largest of the remaining primary dry forests in northwestern Madagascar, where most of the forests have been lost or degraded by fire and other human activities. In this primary forest, we established a 15-ha forest dynamics monitoring plot and mapped and identified all woody stems with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥5 cm. The forest stand was characterized by small-sized individuals (75% of stems with DBH &lt;10 cm, with 99% of trees with height &lt;15 m), encompassing 35,758 tree and 513 liana individuals belonging to 160 species in 53 families (including 20 species of lianas accounting for 1.4% of the stems). Most species-rich families were Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, and Malvaceae, which together encompassed 43 tree species and 23% of all tree individuals. The plot was located on a hill consisting of white sand at elevations from 150 to 200 m, with a gentle slope down from southwest to northeast. Over this elevation gradient, stem density and species diversity increased with elevation, while tree height and diameter decreased. The most abundant two species, <i>Drypetes perrieri</i> (Putranjivaceae) and <i>Noronhia alleizettei</i> (Oleaceae) are evergreen, suggesting the importance of a nutrient conservation strategy. These results provide the foundational knowledge necessary for the conservation and restoration of natural semi-deciduous dry forests that used to cover large areas in northwestern Madagascar until recently.</p>","PeriodicalId":11434,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Research","volume":"39 5","pages":"705-716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1440-1703.12475","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}