Earth, Planets and Space最新文献

{"title":"A drone-based prototype technique for monitoring soil degassing at active volcanic craters.","authors":"Társilo Girona, Jason Williams, James Copple, Matthew Westhoff, Kyriaki Drymoni, Noé García-Martínez, David Benavente, Conor A Bacon, Maarten de Moor, Einat Lev","doi":"10.1186/s40623-025-02303-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40623-025-02303-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing techniques to monitor volcanic activity from safe distances is crucial for advancing scientific knowledge while protecting the safety of field personnel. One of the most demanding tasks in this context is the measurement of soil gas emissions, which offer valuable insights into fluid migration through the shallow crust and act as an early indicator of volcanic unrest and potential eruptive activity. Traditional soil degassing measurements commonly require two operators to be physically present with the instrument, sometimes exposing them to hazardous conditions. In this study, we present a new method for performing soil degassing measurements from a safe distance, using a customized Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS). This drone-based approach was designed to carry out accumulation chamber measurements in hazardous or otherwise inaccessible areas. We tested the system at four locations around the active crater of Poás Volcano in Costa Rica, where we collected data on CO₂ and H₂O fluxes, along with soil temperature and moisture. Our results reveal spatial variability in gas emissions and surface conditions across the study sites. A site located on the crater rim (Site 1) showed the highest CO₂ and H₂O fluxes, indicating active gas release possibly associated with structural features. A second site, located within the crater (Site 2), exhibited elevated H₂O flux without detectable CO₂, suggesting localized processes related to moisture transport. Our experiment on another crater site (Site 3) produced a complete and high-quality dataset, demonstrating the operational success of the method. In contrast, measurements at the last crater site (Site 4) were affected by chamber sealing issues and potentially by the influence of volcanic gas plumes. While the experiment faced several challenges, including imperfect ground-sensor contact as well as occasional telemetry interruptions, it successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using drones for soil degassing surveys. Based on these findings, we identify specific areas for improvement and propose future directions to enhance the system reliability and performance. Overall, this method offers a promising tool for extending soil gas measurements to hazardous or hard-to-reach environments, contributing to safer and more comprehensive monitoring of active volcanic systems.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40623-025-02303-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"77 1","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12546497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145376544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dehydroxylate I formation from the thermal decomposition of serpentine on c-complex asteroids: similarities to carlosturanite.","authors":"Laura E Jenkins, Ashley J King, Martin R Lee, Luke Daly, Konstantin Ignatyev, Cameron J Floyd, Pierre-Etienne M C Martin","doi":"10.1186/s40623-025-02310-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40623-025-02310-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dehydroxylate I, a product of the thermal decomposition of serpentine, has been observed in heated carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. To better understand the occurrence of dehydroxylate I on carbonaceous asteroids, we have experimentally heated the carbonaceous chondrite Murchison from 400 to 550 °C at 25°C temperature steps, during which in situ micro X-ray diffraction (µXRD) patterns were collected using synchrotron radiation. µXRD was utilized such that the dehydroxylate I's diffraction pattern could be isolated and characterized. This was successfully achieved, with the phase being detected at 400 °C. A diffraction pattern for dehydroxylate I was isolated at 525 °C, where it displayed crystallographic similarities to the mineral carlosturanite. We propose dehydroxylate I is produced when gaps form in serpentine's tetrahedral sheet during its breakdown, which is consistent with previous studies on serpentine decomposition. The d-spacings for dehydroxylate I described here can be used to better identify it in natural and experimentally heated terrestrial and meteoritic samples.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"77 1","pages":"191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12689694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BepiColombo cruise science: overview of the mission contribution to heliophysics.","authors":"Beatriz Sánchez-Cano, Lina Z Hadid, Sae Aizawa, Go Murakami, Yumi Bamba, Shota Chiba, Takuya Hara, Daniel Heyner, George Ho, Kazumasa Iwai, Emilia Kilpua, Gaku Kinoshita, Benoit Lavraud, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Marco Pinto, Daniel Schmid, Daikou Shiota, Rami Vainio, Nicolas Andre, Alessandro Aronica, Sami Asmar, Hans-Ulrich Auster, Stas Barabash, Alain Barthe, Wolfgang Baumjohann, Johannes Benkhoff, Mark Bentley, Emma Bunce, Paolo Cappuccio, Dominique Delcourt, Ivan di Stefano, Irene Doria, Nina Dresing, Andrei Fedorov, David Fischer, Bjorn Fiethe, Markus Fränz, Jan Gieseler, Franz Giner, Gabriel Giono, Yuki Harada, Hauke Hussmann, Luciano Iess, Takeshi Imamura, Harald Jeszenszky, Geraint Jones, Bruno Katra, Adrian Kazakov, Alexander Kozyrev, Gunter Laky, Carlo Lefevre, Herbert Lichtenegger, Simon Lindsay, Marco Lucente, Carmelo Magnafico, Werner Magnes, Adrian Martindale, Ayako Matsuoka, Anna Milillo, Igor Mitrofanov, Gaku Nishiyama, Philipp Oleynik, Stefano Orsini, Meegyeong Paik, Christian Palmroos, Christina Plainaki, Emanuel Penou, Moa Persson, Francesco Quarati, Eric Quémerais, Ingo Richter, Rozenn Robidel, Mathias Rojo, Yoshifumi Saito, Francesco Santoli, Alexander Stark, Mirko Stumpo, Rong Tian, Ali Varsani, Christopher Verdeil, Hayley Williamson, Olivier Witasse, Shoichiro Yokota","doi":"10.1186/s40623-025-02256-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40623-025-02256-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BepiColombo, the joint ESA/JAXA mission to Mercury, was launched in October 2018 and is scheduled to arrive at Mercury in November 2026 after an 8-year cruise. Like other planetary missions, its scientific objectives focus mostly on the nominal, orbiting phase of the mission. However, due to the long duration of the cruise phase covering distances between 1.2 and 0.3 AU, the BepiColombo mission has been able to outstandingly contribute to characterise the solar wind and transient events encountered by the spacecraft, as well as planetary environments during the flybys of Earth, Venus, and Mercury, and contribute to the characterisation of the space radiation environment in the inner Solar System and its evolution with solar activity. In this paper, we provide an overview of the cruise observations of BepiColombo, highlighting the most relevant science cases, with the aim of demonstrating the importance of planetary missions to perform cruise observations, to contribute to a broader understanding of Space Weather in the Solar System, and in turn, increase the scientific return of the mission.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"77 1","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A secular variation candidate for IGRF-14 based on core-flow inversion via an ensemble Kalman smoother.","authors":"Kyle Gwirtz, Terence Sabaka, Weijia Kuang","doi":"10.1186/s40623-025-02289-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40623-025-02289-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a candidate mean secular variation (SV) model for the 2025.0 <math><mo>-</mo></math> 2030.0 period. The forecasted SV is produced with a data assimilation (DA) system built around a simple frozen-flux model of the core flow and magnetic field near the core-mantle boundary (CMB). An Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and smoother (EnKS) are used to assimilate Gauss coefficients from the Kalmag field model, to estimate a core flow which is then used to predict changes in the magnetic field. This forecast methodology is tested against past 5-year periods where it is found to be effective in predicting mean SV, and is superior to an otherwise identical setup using an EnKF alone (no EnKS). The inferred core flow is examined and is seen to exhibit structures consistent with the eccentric gyre and westward drift found in traditional inversions. While this study presents an SV candidate, its secondary purpose is to explore and highlight the potential of the EnKS methodology in understanding the geodynamo. Notably, the EnKS algorithm we use requires no adjoint for the model and can be implemented into already existing EnKF-based systems. The ease of implementation and improvement provided by the EnKS make it a desirable addition to other geomagnetic data assimilation systems, particularly those built around full, 3-D numerical dynamo models, for which the production and maintenance of an adjoint can be challenging.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"77 1","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12532758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145328370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional velocity structure models in and around the Kathmandu Valley, Central Nepal","authors":"Kazuki Koketsu, Haruhiko Suzuki, Yujia Guo","doi":"10.1186/s40623-023-01954-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-023-01954-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"11 8","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of the double-thin-shell approach for studying nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using two dense GNSS observation networks in Japan","authors":"Weizheng Fu, Yuichi Otsuka, A. Shinbori, M. Nishioka, S. Perwitasari","doi":"10.1186/s40623-023-01956-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-023-01956-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"42 2","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139379922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel high accuracy finite-difference time-domain method","authors":"Harune Sekido, Takayuki Umeda","doi":"10.1186/s40623-023-01934-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-023-01934-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"27 3","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomagnetic relative paleointensity and direction during the last 40,000 years obtained from a sediment core in the Nankai Trough","authors":"Ryoya Goto, T. Yamazaki, N. Okutsu, J. Ashi","doi":"10.1186/s40623-023-01945-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-023-01945-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"22 10","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can we explain the post-2015 absence of the Chandler wobble?","authors":"Ryuji Yamaguchi, Masato Furuya","doi":"10.1186/s40623-023-01944-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-023-01944-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"109 44","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic scheme to develop dynamic earthquake rupture scenarios: a case study on the Wenchuan–Maoxian Fault in the Longmen Shan, China, thrust belt","authors":"Rongjiang Tang, Ryosuke Ando","doi":"10.1186/s40623-023-01932-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-023-01932-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"8 3","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}