Earth, Planets and Space最新文献

{"title":"On the occurrence of mirror modes at Mercury and their comparison with magnetic holes and ion cyclotron waves.","authors":"Martin Volwerk, Tomas Karlsson, Charlotte Goetz, Daniel Heyner, Ferdinand Plaschke, Daniel Schmid, Cyril Simon Wedlund, Rumi Nakamura, Francesco Califano, Maria Hamrin, Francesco Pucci, Adriana Settino, Diana Rojas-Castillo, Georg Blüthner","doi":"10.1186/s40623-026-02533-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-026-02533-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The MESSENGER magnetometer data for the years 2011 through 2015 are used to study the presence of mirror modes in Mercury's environment. Using magnetic-field-only-detection of these structures, 13,691 intervals of 20 s and longer are found in the solar wind, and in the magnetosheath and magnetosphere of Mercury. The distribution of mirror modes around the planet is similar to that found at Venus and Mars, however, the occurrence rate of <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mspace></mspace> <mn>1.0</mn> <mspace></mspace> <mo>×</mo> <mspace></mspace> <msup><mn>10</mn> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math> per second is up to 2 orders of magnitude smaller than at the other two planets. The mirror modes are more prone to be excited near Mercury's aphelion. A comparison shows that mirror modes and magnetic holes have a similar behaviour around Mercury, and that about 40% of the mirror modes can also be identified as magnetic holes. As ion cyclotron waves can be generated by the same temperature anisotropy, they are also compared with the mirror modes. It is found that the ion cyclotron waves show a lesser dependence on the true anomaly angle.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>Occurrence rate of mirror modes around Mercury for the whole MESSENGER mission.</p>","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"78 1","pages":"223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"InSAR-based observations of the 2020-2021 transient deformation and the 2023 earthquake in Noto Peninsula, Japan","authors":"Yohei Kinoshita","doi":"10.1186/s40623-025-02265-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02265-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The northeastern region of the Noto Peninsula experienced sudden seismic activity, accompanied by transient displacement since the end of 2020. During this period of heightened seismic activity, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake (Japan Meteorological Agency magnitude scale, $$M_{JMA}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>JMA</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) occurred on May 5, 2023, within the region of active seismicity. Here, I performed a Sentinel-1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time-series analysis to detect transient continuous displacement and investigate the mechanism of this event. The derived InSAR time series indicated an approximately 2 cm/year line-of-sight (LOS) change featuring an inflation pattern until the end of 2021. For the 2023 $$M_{JMA}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>JMA</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> 6.5 earthquake, I performed InSAR analysis with ALOS-2 stripmap mode images and found that the coseismic displacement reached 20 cm in the LOS direction. Bayesian inversion for the transient continuous displacement suggested that the point source model showed the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) among the different source model types, the combination of a point source model and a rectangular reverse slip model showed a lower RMSE than single-source model cases. The estimated slip distribution for the 2023 earthquake revealed a maximum reverse-type slip of 177 cm at a depth of 7.8 km, which was the upper part of the seismically estimated hypocenter. The Coulomb failure stress change ( $$Delta $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> </mml:math> CFS) on the 2023 earthquake fault was calculated based on the combined source model estimated from the Sentinel-1 time series. Overall, the $$Delta $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> </mml:math> CFS showed positive values in zones where the depths were greater than 10 km, indicating that the 2023 earthquake fault may be affected to promote the earthquake triggering by the preceding activity since late 2020. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://earth-planets-space.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40623-025-02265-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147897062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing the structure and motion of sporadic E layer using marine traffic radio signals","authors":"Keisuke Hosokawa, Nanako Mayumi, Atsushi Yamamoto, Susumu Saito, Satoshi Andoh, Hiroyuki Shinagawa, Toru Takahashi, Jun Sakai, Takuo T. Tsuda, Ichiro Tomizawa, Hiroyuki Nakata, Akinori Saito, M. Shinohara, Michi Nishioka, Takuya Tsugawa, Mamoru Ishii","doi":"10.1186/s40623-025-02193-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02193-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The sporadic E layer (EsL), characterized by enhanced ionospheric electron density at around 100 km altitude, has been recognized as one of the prominent phenomena in the E region ionosphere and is known to influence radio wave propagation, particularly in the HF and VHF frequency range. This study explores the spatial structure and dynamical characteristics of EsL using multiple radio observations, including Automatic Identification System (AIS) maritime signals, aeronautical navigation signals, GNSS-based ionospheric irregularity measurements and ionosondes. In particular, AIS signals at 162 MHz were utilized for the first time to show the two-dimensional structure of strong EsL (corresponding foEs is at least greater than 20 MHz) over maritime regions. The combined radio observations on May 30, 2023 revealed EsL structures extending east–west, showing dynamic behavior such as northward and southwestward movements. In particular, it was demonstrated that AIS signals can be used to track the motion of intense EsL events, and their integration with aeronautical radio and GNSS data allows for detailed visualization of EsL characteristics over a wide area. This result highlights the potential of combining multiple radio techniques to advance the understanding of EsL characteristics and its impact on radio propagation. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://earth-planets-space.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40623-025-02193-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147902242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of local and non-local post-midnight equatorial spread-F generation based on long-term AMISR-14 observations.","authors":"Alexander A Massoud, Fabiano S Rodrigues, Jonas Sousasantos, Karim M Kuyeng, Danny E Scipión, Carlos Padin","doi":"10.1186/s40623-025-02319-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02319-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present results of a study of post-midnight equatorial spread F (ESF) events over the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO) that examined unambiguous radar measurements of event origin in the American sector. Our analysis considers variations in post-midnight ESF generation due to changing seasonal, solar, and geomagnetic conditions. We analyzed 396 nights of observations made with the 14-panel version of the Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar (AMISR-14) between July 2021 and August 2023. We leveraged the 10-beam AMISR-14 mode, which effectively measures ~ 400 km zonally of the equatorial F-region ionosphere, to identify and classify post-midnight ESF as either local (i.e., generated within the instrument field of view) or non-local (i.e., generated outside the instrument field of view). Our results for the occurrence rates of post-midnight ESF exhibit a strong seasonal dependence, with maximum values in June solstice and minimum values for equinoxes. The results also show the post-midnight ESF occurrence rates are anticorrelated to the solar flux conditions. As for geomagnetic activity, the results indicate that occurrence rates decrease considerably under geomagnetically quiet conditions. The combination of these seasonal, solar flux, and geomagnetic activity influences suggests the weakened downward plasma drifts late at night during June solstice conditions can be reversed to upward drifts by contributions from disturbance drifts. In the case of upward drifts caused by geomagnetic disturbances, the reversed upward post-midnight drifts may then contribute to conditions favoring ESF development provided that a prompt penetration or disturbance dynamo electric field with appropriate polarity, even from modest geomagnetic activity, is present. In support of this proposed post-midnight ESF generation mechanism, we also present and discuss simultaneous AMISR-14 and collocated incoherent scatter radar measurements of a June solstice 2023 event. Perhaps most importantly, our results show the occurrence rates of local and non-local post-midnight ESF as observed with AMISR-14 are nearly identical. That is, local events were observed effectively as often as non-local events, and vice versa, under all seasonal, solar, and geomagnetic conditions. Therefore, data-driven forecasting approaches relying exclusively on local (i.e., \"overhead\") measurements of ionospheric/thermospheric conditions may not always be well-suited to reproducing the observed ESF phenomenology.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"77 1","pages":"189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12660415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145647758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma structuring within an expanded polar cap and cusp studied with the SS-520-3 sounding rocket.","authors":"L M Buschmann, K Asamura, L B N Clausen, Y Jin, H Kojima, A Kumamoto, S Kurita, Y Ogawa, K Oksavik, Y Saito, A Spicher, S Yokota, W J Miloch","doi":"10.1186/s40623-025-02189-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02189-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The SS-520-3 sounding rocket was launched on November 4th, 2021 as part of the Grand Challenge Initiative - Cusp from Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. The rocket was launched into the cusp ionosphere during the main phase of a geomagnetic storm. In this study we utilize two low energy particle analyzers as well as a multi-needle Langmuir probe and an impedance probe as part of the rocket payload. This study aims to provide an overview of the flight conditions from a range of ground-based instruments and scintillation receivers. We were able to confirm that the rocket entered the cusp through the poleward edge at around <math><msup><mn>74</mn> <mo>∘</mo></msup> </math> of northern geographic latitude. Additionally, the rocket encountered polar cap patches (PCP), as well as a patch within the cusp (CP) and a newly-formed tongue of ionisation (TOI). Analysis of the density variations within different scale sizes show enhancements within meter-size and kilometer-size scales on the edges of PCP, within the CP and TOI. Overall, the enhancements within the variations on all sizes, as well as enhancements of the electron density were significantly higher within the CP and TOI in comparison to the PCP, though all structures were encountered at similar altitudes. The strongest enhancements were found on the poleward edge of the TOI, corresponding to strong fluctuations within the electron density. The TOI also had the largest enhancements within gradients of kilometer-size in comparison to meter-sizes. As the TOI is convecting with respect to the background plasma, the edges are susceptible to instabilities like the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) and Gradient-Drift instability (GDI), giving rise to plasma density structures on several scale sizes.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"77 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine-learning detection and variability of mesospheric frontal waves observed by VIIRS day/night band.","authors":"Yuta Hozumi, Jia Yue, Seraj Al Mahmud Mostafa, Chenxi Wang, Jianwu Wang, Sanjay Purushotham, Steven D Miller","doi":"10.1186/s40623-025-02308-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40623-025-02308-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frontal waves, characterized by sharp boundaries of airglow jump accompanied by following undulations, were detected using machine learning techniques, and their variability was examined. Frontal waves are thought to be manifestations of ducted waves called mesospheric bores or \"wall\" waves (large-amplitude gravity waves). The YOLOv3 machine learning model, short for \"You Only Look Once version 3,\" was trained to detect frontal wave events in Day/Night Band (DNB) data from the Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite. The YOLOv3 detector was trained with DNB images, including manually labeled objects of 756 unique frontal waves. The model achieved 83.19% of average precision (AP) for frontal wave event detection during the testing phase. Utilizing the trained model, 1,150 frontal wave events were identified out of all available 515,187 moonless images from Suomi NPP VIIRS/DNB from January 2012 to June 2023. Over the past eleven years, the monthly occurrence of frontal wave events has gradually decreased from approximately 15 in 2012 to around 5 in 2022. Frontal waves exhibit a high occurrence peak at equatorial latitudes and weaker occurrence peaks at winter mid-latitudes. In these regions, the migrating diurnal and semidiurnal tides exhibit large temperature amplitudes, which could create a favorable environment for ducted waves or mesospheric bores, such as a temperature inversion layer. Frontal waves detected in this study show higher occurrences in regions where conditions favor the formation of ducted waves or mesospheric bores.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"77 1","pages":"179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12615530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145539514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coseismic crustal seismic velocity changes associated with the 2024 M_W 7.5 Noto earthquake, Japan.","authors":"Nicolas Paris, Yuji Itoh, Florent Brenguier, Qing-Yu Wang, Yixiao Sheng, Tomomi Okada, Naoki Uchida, Quentin Higueret, Ryota Takagi, Shin'ichi Sakai, Satoshi Hirahara, Shuutoku Kimura","doi":"10.1186/s40623-025-02177-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02177-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p> The 2024 <math><msub><mtext>M</mtext> <mtext>w</mtext></msub> </math> 7.5 Noto earthquake, Japan, was preceded by an intense seismic swarm thought to be driven by upward fluid migration. Crustal seismic velocities vary with external perturbations caused by earthquakes, and the presence of pressurized fluids in the crust amplifies the resulting coseismic velocity change. Hence, we characterize subsurface fluid by measuring the coseismic velocity change associated with the 2024 mainshock. For this purpose, we perform multi-frequency-band ambient noise seismic interferometry using data from permanent and temporary seismic stations. Significant coseismic velocity drops are observed, with an average decrease of about 0.5% inside the Noto peninsula, reaching 0.6-0.8% in the regions near the coseismic slip peaks. The observed velocity drops inside the peninsula correlate well with the modeled static-stress-change-induced velocity drops and peak ground velocity (PGV) and acceleration (PGA) as proxies of dynamic stress change. However, their respective contribution to the observed coseismic velocity drop remains unclear because of the similarities in their spatial pattern. Outside the Noto Peninsula, the observed velocity drops average around 0.1%, which is predominantly attributed to dynamic stress changes from passing waves because modeled static stress changes are negligible at these great distances. Although the addition of temporary stations significantly increases the resolution of the velocity drop measurements in the pre-mainshock swarm zone, our results exhibit no large velocity drop anomaly in this region, suggesting that the amount of pressurized fluids in the shallow crust down to <math><mo>∼</mo></math> 2.5 km depth is not anomalously large. This implies that the upward migration of fluids preceding the mainshock is likely confined to greater depths.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40623-025-02177-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"77 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A drone-based prototype technique for monitoring soil degassing at active volcanic craters.","authors":"Társilo Girona, Jason Williams, James Copple, Matthew Westhoff, Kyriaki Drymoni, Noé García-Martínez, David Benavente, Conor A Bacon, Maarten de Moor, Einat Lev","doi":"10.1186/s40623-025-02303-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40623-025-02303-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing techniques to monitor volcanic activity from safe distances is crucial for advancing scientific knowledge while protecting the safety of field personnel. One of the most demanding tasks in this context is the measurement of soil gas emissions, which offer valuable insights into fluid migration through the shallow crust and act as an early indicator of volcanic unrest and potential eruptive activity. Traditional soil degassing measurements commonly require two operators to be physically present with the instrument, sometimes exposing them to hazardous conditions. In this study, we present a new method for performing soil degassing measurements from a safe distance, using a customized Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS). This drone-based approach was designed to carry out accumulation chamber measurements in hazardous or otherwise inaccessible areas. We tested the system at four locations around the active crater of Poás Volcano in Costa Rica, where we collected data on CO₂ and H₂O fluxes, along with soil temperature and moisture. Our results reveal spatial variability in gas emissions and surface conditions across the study sites. A site located on the crater rim (Site 1) showed the highest CO₂ and H₂O fluxes, indicating active gas release possibly associated with structural features. A second site, located within the crater (Site 2), exhibited elevated H₂O flux without detectable CO₂, suggesting localized processes related to moisture transport. Our experiment on another crater site (Site 3) produced a complete and high-quality dataset, demonstrating the operational success of the method. In contrast, measurements at the last crater site (Site 4) were affected by chamber sealing issues and potentially by the influence of volcanic gas plumes. While the experiment faced several challenges, including imperfect ground-sensor contact as well as occasional telemetry interruptions, it successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using drones for soil degassing surveys. Based on these findings, we identify specific areas for improvement and propose future directions to enhance the system reliability and performance. Overall, this method offers a promising tool for extending soil gas measurements to hazardous or hard-to-reach environments, contributing to safer and more comprehensive monitoring of active volcanic systems.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40623-025-02303-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"77 1","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12546497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145376544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dehydroxylate I formation from the thermal decomposition of serpentine on c-complex asteroids: similarities to carlosturanite.","authors":"Laura E Jenkins, Ashley J King, Martin R Lee, Luke Daly, Konstantin Ignatyev, Cameron J Floyd, Pierre-Etienne M C Martin","doi":"10.1186/s40623-025-02310-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40623-025-02310-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dehydroxylate I, a product of the thermal decomposition of serpentine, has been observed in heated carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. To better understand the occurrence of dehydroxylate I on carbonaceous asteroids, we have experimentally heated the carbonaceous chondrite Murchison from 400 to 550 °C at 25°C temperature steps, during which in situ micro X-ray diffraction (µXRD) patterns were collected using synchrotron radiation. µXRD was utilized such that the dehydroxylate I's diffraction pattern could be isolated and characterized. This was successfully achieved, with the phase being detected at 400 °C. A diffraction pattern for dehydroxylate I was isolated at 525 °C, where it displayed crystallographic similarities to the mineral carlosturanite. We propose dehydroxylate I is produced when gaps form in serpentine's tetrahedral sheet during its breakdown, which is consistent with previous studies on serpentine decomposition. The d-spacings for dehydroxylate I described here can be used to better identify it in natural and experimentally heated terrestrial and meteoritic samples.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"77 1","pages":"191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12689694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BepiColombo cruise science: overview of the mission contribution to heliophysics.","authors":"Beatriz Sánchez-Cano, Lina Z Hadid, Sae Aizawa, Go Murakami, Yumi Bamba, Shota Chiba, Takuya Hara, Daniel Heyner, George Ho, Kazumasa Iwai, Emilia Kilpua, Gaku Kinoshita, Benoit Lavraud, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Marco Pinto, Daniel Schmid, Daikou Shiota, Rami Vainio, Nicolas Andre, Alessandro Aronica, Sami Asmar, Hans-Ulrich Auster, Stas Barabash, Alain Barthe, Wolfgang Baumjohann, Johannes Benkhoff, Mark Bentley, Emma Bunce, Paolo Cappuccio, Dominique Delcourt, Ivan di Stefano, Irene Doria, Nina Dresing, Andrei Fedorov, David Fischer, Bjorn Fiethe, Markus Fränz, Jan Gieseler, Franz Giner, Gabriel Giono, Yuki Harada, Hauke Hussmann, Luciano Iess, Takeshi Imamura, Harald Jeszenszky, Geraint Jones, Bruno Katra, Adrian Kazakov, Alexander Kozyrev, Gunter Laky, Carlo Lefevre, Herbert Lichtenegger, Simon Lindsay, Marco Lucente, Carmelo Magnafico, Werner Magnes, Adrian Martindale, Ayako Matsuoka, Anna Milillo, Igor Mitrofanov, Gaku Nishiyama, Philipp Oleynik, Stefano Orsini, Meegyeong Paik, Christian Palmroos, Christina Plainaki, Emanuel Penou, Moa Persson, Francesco Quarati, Eric Quémerais, Ingo Richter, Rozenn Robidel, Mathias Rojo, Yoshifumi Saito, Francesco Santoli, Alexander Stark, Mirko Stumpo, Rong Tian, Ali Varsani, Christopher Verdeil, Hayley Williamson, Olivier Witasse, Shoichiro Yokota","doi":"10.1186/s40623-025-02256-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40623-025-02256-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BepiColombo, the joint ESA/JAXA mission to Mercury, was launched in October 2018 and is scheduled to arrive at Mercury in November 2026 after an 8-year cruise. Like other planetary missions, its scientific objectives focus mostly on the nominal, orbiting phase of the mission. However, due to the long duration of the cruise phase covering distances between 1.2 and 0.3 AU, the BepiColombo mission has been able to outstandingly contribute to characterise the solar wind and transient events encountered by the spacecraft, as well as planetary environments during the flybys of Earth, Venus, and Mercury, and contribute to the characterisation of the space radiation environment in the inner Solar System and its evolution with solar activity. In this paper, we provide an overview of the cruise observations of BepiColombo, highlighting the most relevant science cases, with the aim of demonstrating the importance of planetary missions to perform cruise observations, to contribute to a broader understanding of Space Weather in the Solar System, and in turn, increase the scientific return of the mission.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":11409,"journal":{"name":"Earth, Planets and Space","volume":"77 1","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}