American Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"A Systematic Review: Methods of Gingivectomy for Esthetic Marginal Periodontal Tissue Conditioning","authors":"Maha Munshi","doi":"10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1681","url":null,"abstract":"This review compared the prognosis of gingivectomy procedures carried out through a scalpel or alternative techniques. An extensive search was performed in the electronic database. Articles were identified according to inclusion criteria. The extracted data from the selected studies were organized in tables and assessed for risk of bias. Ten clinical trial studies were identified. Nine studies used the laser method for gingivectomy, and only one trial was based on the electrosurgical method. Seven studies were at low risk of bias, and three were at high risk. No significant differences were presented in pain and discomfort in the electrosurgical studies. One study reported non-significant differences between electrosurgery and scalpel regarding clinical healing. Based on limited data in this systematic review, the diode laser showed superiority over the scalpel in pain and discomfort postoperatively. In contrast, for PI and GI, the data were insufficient to conclude the results.","PeriodicalId":113806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127101427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potent Antioxidant Agents: Dithiocarbamates of Ω-Substituted (2-Naphthyloxy) Alkanes","authors":"S. Zaidi, D. Chaturvedi, N. Srivastava, M. Shukla","doi":"10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1686","url":null,"abstract":"A series of dithiocarbamates of ω-substituted (2-naphthyloxy) alkanes (4-48) was tested for antioxidant activity by radicals 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, DPPH assay (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), O2. (NET) assay and ROO. (TRAP) assay against curcumin and vitamin C as standard drugs. Most of these compounds have shown promising activities, such compounds are 11, 12, 13, 25, 26, 27, 28, 41, 42, and 43. The series was synthesized by the condensation reaction of 2-(2-chloro-alkoxy)-naphthalene with different types of aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, heterocyclic primary, as well as secondary amines to develop dithiocarbamates of ω-substituted (2-naphthyloxy) alkanes.","PeriodicalId":113806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130674044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: A Comparative Analysis of Vaccine Development Approaches and Glycosylation Implications","authors":"Leonel C. Mendoza","doi":"10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1634","url":null,"abstract":"In December 2019, a mysterious pneumonia-causing sickness frightened the world. SARS-CoV-2 caused the acute respiratory illness. Since March 11, 2020, 220,563,227 COVID-19 cases and 4,565,483 deaths have been reported worldwide as of October 2021. SARS-CoV-2, like all coronavirus, appears to have crowns due to its S proteins and enters host cells using highly glycosylated spike (S) proteins. S1 and S2 are SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunits. S2 controls transmembrane fusion, while S1 controls receptor binding. Antibody-mediated neutralization targets SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) proteins, which are essential for viral entry and fusion. This paper summarized how S protein was used in newly created and distributed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the implications for future advancements given the emergence of more lethal SARS-CoV-2 variants in this paper. It also discussed the role of S protein glycosylation in the viral entry and binding mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and the implications for developing adaptive immunity and vaccines. The review was carried out through a deductive search strategy with keywords: COVID-19 vaccines, nCoV-2019 vaccines, coronavirus, COVID-19 vaccine development, S protein, and protein glycosylation using Google Scholar. The emergence of more transmissible and potentially more lethal SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as the Delta variant, highlights the need for continued research on vaccine development. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanism of the spike protein and how vaccines can effectively target the mutated regions. Continued monitoring and adaptation of vaccination strategies are essential to control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":113806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133624543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of The Characterization of Purified Fly Ash from Xi’an Linyuan Silica Limited","authors":"S. Kamara, Edward Hingha Foday Jr, W. Wang","doi":"10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1608","url":null,"abstract":"Coal is a well-known source of electric power generation all over the globe. Pulverized coal combustion and fluidized coal bed combustion are the two conventional methods involved in the combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Pulverized coal combustion is operated at >14000C while the fluid bed is operated at a temperature between 850-9000C. The first two reactions are the main reactions in the coal combustion process and they are exothermic reactions. CO2 and CO are the first two combustion products. The inorganic minerals in coal are released as waste products in the combustion plants in which fly ash made a large part of the waste materials. Fly ash is formed due to the incomplete combustion of coal. The fly ash from both methods contains SiO2, Al, etc, which are significant constituents. High-grade coal has a higher SiO2 than the low grade. An experiment was conducted by preparing four samples of fly ash heated at 5000C, 6000C, 7000C, and 8000C, and one unheated sample to investigate the chemical composition of the fly ash obtained from Xi’an Linyuan Silica Limited and to prove its suitability as raw material for the fabrication of refractory composites. SEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR characterization were done on all five samples to determine the chemical parameters of the fly ash. According to the result and analysis of the four characterizations, it was discovered that the fly ash used in this research contains SiO2. SEM/EDS morphological analysis reveals the presence of spherical and a few geometrical crystalline-shaped structures known as cenospheres. Cenospheres are important components for the synthesis of refractory composites. The EDS micrographs show the percentages of silicon and oxygen in the fly ash. The FTIR results show Si-O-Si stretching in all the fly ash prepared samples. In the XRD, it was discovered that the fly ash was purely SiO2.","PeriodicalId":113806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116300445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on the Utilization and Environmental Concerns of Coal Fly Ash","authors":"S. Kamara, Edward Hingha Foday Jr, Wen Wang","doi":"10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1609","url":null,"abstract":"Fly ash is a solid by-product from the pulverization of coal in thermal power plants. It is a cost-effective raw material that has gained so much attention from industrialists for a series of engineering purposes. It is utilized in various applications like cement and concrete, bricks, road construction and embankments, mine backfilling, mixed asphalt, soil amelioration, catalyst, production plants, geopolymers, etc. Asia and USA. are the top global fly ash producers. The high demand for its utilization adds to the economy of fly ash-producing nations. China, India, and Japan contribute to the fly ash market growth through urbanization and sustainable infrastructural activities. Fly ash is not environmentally friendly. It is currently one of the leading industrial solid wastes that has attracted so much public attention due to its associated environmental health concerns. It poses a severe social and economic burden to municipal and central authorities. COX, NOX, SOX, and matter are pollutants emitted from fossil fuel burning. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are indirect agents of climate change. Fly ash contains heavy metals and some radioactive elements; therefore, utilizing it can lead to severe health and environmental consequences if not adequately managed.","PeriodicalId":113806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134008082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical and Biological Screening of Catholic Vegetable (Jatropha Tanjorensis) Aqueous Extract in Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria","authors":"Ojeaga Imohiosen","doi":"10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1602","url":null,"abstract":"Jatropha tanjorensis has been used as a medicinal herb in treatment and management of disease because they are relatively safer, more affordable and sometimes offers better therapeutic value than synthetic drugs. The study investigated the phytochemical and biological screening of catholic vegetable (Jatropha tanjorensis) aqueous extract with the objectives of evaluating some secondary metabolites in the plant using standard qualitative methods and ascertaining the antimicrobial effect of Jatropha tanjorensis aqueous leave extract on bacteria of medical importance such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli using the agar well diffusion method. The results revealed that the extract of the leaf of J. tanjorensis contain some important bioactive components (phytochemicals) in a high amount such as saponins followed by flavonoids, alkaloid and tannins in moderate amount whereas phenol, phlobatannins and glycosides are in low amount. It also shows that the extract was active against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, K. pneumonia and S. typhi measuring clear zones of inhibition 30.0mm, 22.0mm, 19.0mm, 18.0mm and 17.0mm respectively. Thus, the exhibition of strong antibacterial activity and phytochemical profiles obtained from the analyses of J. tanjorensis leaf indicated that it might be recommended for human consumption and adequate amount of consumption could contribute greatly towards meeting human nutritional needs for normal body growth and adequate protection and curative measures to common diseases related to the test organisms.","PeriodicalId":113806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121111584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Documenting Pharmacist Intervention: A Technology-Driven Solution to Overcome Challenges","authors":"Murooj Shukri","doi":"10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1630","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical pharmacist conducts multiple activities governed by the best evidence for disease management and safe medication practices. The ASHP highlighted the importance of documenting and recording clinical pharmacy interventions to prevent adverse drug events and reduce hospital length of stay. Our institution utilizes an in-house electronic documentation system (e-DS) to document clinical interventions. We aim to study the impact of enhancing the e-DS. This study is a retrospective single-center descriptive review post-implementation of in-house e-DS enhancements. Data were collected between September 2017 and December 2019 for documented interventions by clinical pharmacists for admitted patients. Fields for analysis include clinical interventions, expected outcomes of interventions, cycle time for documentation, and drug cost. Outcomes measures include several documented interventions, preventing medication errors/adverse drug events, time-saving and cost avoidance. Descriptive analysis will be performed for categorical variables. The study showed an increased number of documented interventions for preventing medication errors/adverse drug events, time-saving, and cost avoidance, with an average time-saving of 20 minutes per 10 interventions and estimated cost avoidance of 20 000 SAR per month. Study limitations include a lack of interface with EHR and non-feasibility to estimate indirect cost. Investment in documentation system optimization to reduce medication errors/adverse drug events, time-saving and cost avoidance.","PeriodicalId":113806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122425562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroma Formation after Mastectomy with or without Thoracoabdominal Binder – A Randomized Control Trial","authors":"Essa Alfard Maryam, Devendra Shereya","doi":"10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1540","url":null,"abstract":"The study’s main objective is to reduce seroma production post-mastectomy with the help of using thoracoabdominal binders. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) included patients (No=40) that received breast surgery. They were divided into two groups; the control group (No=20) was the one that did Not use the binders, and the study group (No=20), complied with adorning the thoracoabdominal binder for two weeks post-breast surgery. The drainage of both breasts and axillary drains was examined during this duration. The amount of drainage was Noted, and charts were created on that basis. A total of 40 patients initially became a part of this trial, equally divided into two groups of 20 patients each. All of the participants of this group had undergone breast surgery (either mastectomy or MRM) and had to appear for the follow-up examination 2-3 weeks post-surgery. In these follow-up meetings in the outpatient clinic, the drainage charts were maintained, including the levels of drain output and compliance rate of the thoracoabdominal binder group; some patients were excluded from the study due to exclusion criteria.There was No difference between both groups in the drainage output, thus imposing No major impact of thoracoabdominal binders on seroma reduction. Other implications of binders in breast care post-surgery were explored to add to the positive effects of binders. This suggests that more studies need to be done to find the best management methods for postoperative seroma formation.","PeriodicalId":113806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"399 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115202216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes Mellitus Control and Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Mohamed Matarid Safaa","doi":"10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1612","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the rampant onset of diabetes and related complications; chronic kidney disorders and end-stage renal disease are progressing in more than 10% of the world population and mostly affect the elderly, women, minorities and patients with diabetes and hypersensitivity. The early stages of CKD are typically quiet; thus, many people are unaware they have the condition. Data for this review was gathered from Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Elsevier, Cochrane, Sage, Medline, and Web of Science. Studies were selected from 2018-2023, using keywords such as Diabetes mellitus management, chronic kidney disease, microalbuminuria, target time in range, impaired fasting glucose, management ways, lifestyle modification, medication treatment, and diet control. Although blood glucose levels are too unpredictable to provide a reliable evaluation, measures reflecting long-term glycemic load are used instead. The results gathered after the review suggests that optimal glycemic control along with lifestyle medication and diet control contributes to better outcomes in individuals with DM, particularly for microvascular damage. While, HbA1c is the most well-known glycemic biomarker of long-term glycemic management. This suggests that effective treatments are progressing on progression.This review has discussed different CKD management parameters; the authors have discussed the disease’s treatment criteria and protocols, such as pharmacological therapies, lifestyle modifications, physical activities and insulin therapy and concluded that to avoid CKD, it’s critical to concentrate on underlying problems including hyperglycemia, hypertension, microalbuminuria, sedentary behaviour, and smoking. The occurrence of CKD can be reduced with changes in lifestyle, such as increased physical activity, nutritious food, and water consumption.","PeriodicalId":113806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126250369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Review","authors":"Mohamed Matarid Safaa","doi":"10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajcp.v2i2.1594","url":null,"abstract":"Both the mother and the fetus are physiologically stressed out during pregnancy. The second most prevalent endocrine illness among pregnant women, behind diabetes mellitus, is thyroid disease. Several differences in the mother’s thyroid function are seen in the complete life cycle of pregnancy, and thyroid dysfunction occurs from the mother’s inability to adjust to these physiological changes. The possibility for maternal and fetal outcomes can be extremely high when endocrine abnormalities like Hypothyroidism are present during pregnancy. The fetal development and perinatal outcomes can be significantly impacted by thyroid illness, which is frequent in women of reproductive age. For the first part of pregnancy, the fetus depends on the mother’s thyroid hormone, which is essential for optimal fetal neurodevelopment. There is authentication of an association between overt maternal Hypothyroidism and overt maternal hyperthyroidism. With higher obstetrical risks and negative impacts on the offspring’s cerebrospinal nervous system expansion, grey matter”, and neurocognitive potential. Treatment for overt thyroid disorders improves results. Subclinical maternal hypothyroidism can have a negative impact on a baby’s neurocognitive and obstetrical outcomes, despite conflicting findings. Subclinical Hypothyroidism has not yet been successfully treated. Pregnancy-related subclinical hyperthyroidism is easily tolerated. However, new research has revealed no improvement with levothyroxine treatment, indicating that thyroid autoantibodies alone might also affect foetal and neurodevelopmental outcomes.. The fetus may be impacted by several uncommon maternal genetic thyroid conditions, such as a TSH receptor mutation that causes hCG hypersensitivity or“thyroid hormone contrary. The thyroid”perform a key function. For the best care, it is crucial to understand fetal health. Data was gathered from different search engines and databases such as; Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Elsevier, Cochrane, Sage, Medline, and Web of Science. Numerous studies were selected from 2017-2022, using the keywords Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Hypothyroidism, pregnancy, fetal damage, risk factors, current challenges, thyroid hormone, and American thyroid association. The full texts of the retrieved articles were made accessible.","PeriodicalId":113806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116807677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}