Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Review

Both the mother and the fetus are physiologically stressed out during pregnancy. The second most prevalent endocrine illness among pregnant women, behind diabetes mellitus, is thyroid disease. Several differences in the mother’s thyroid function are seen in the complete life cycle of pregnancy, and thyroid dysfunction occurs from the mother’s inability to adjust to these physiological changes. The possibility for maternal and fetal outcomes can be extremely high when endocrine abnormalities like Hypothyroidism are present during pregnancy. The fetal development and perinatal outcomes can be significantly impacted by thyroid illness, which is frequent in women of reproductive age. For the first part of pregnancy, the fetus depends on the mother’s thyroid hormone, which is essential for optimal fetal neurodevelopment. There is authentication of an association between overt maternal Hypothyroidism and overt maternal hyperthyroidism. With higher obstetrical risks and negative impacts on the offspring’s cerebrospinal nervous system expansion, grey matter”, and neurocognitive potential. Treatment for overt thyroid disorders improves results. Subclinical maternal hypothyroidism can have a negative impact on a baby’s neurocognitive and obstetrical outcomes, despite conflicting findings. Subclinical Hypothyroidism has not yet been successfully treated. Pregnancy-related subclinical hyperthyroidism is easily tolerated. However, new research has revealed no improvement with levothyroxine treatment, indicating that thyroid autoantibodies alone might also affect foetal and neurodevelopmental outcomes.. The fetus may be impacted by several uncommon maternal genetic thyroid conditions, such as a TSH receptor mutation that causes hCG hypersensitivity or“thyroid hormone contrary. The thyroid”perform a key function. For the best care, it is crucial to understand fetal health. Data was gathered from different search engines and databases such as; Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Elsevier, Cochrane, Sage, Medline, and Web of Science. Numerous studies were selected from 2017-2022, using the keywords Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Hypothyroidism, pregnancy, fetal damage, risk factors, current challenges, thyroid hormone, and American thyroid association. The full texts of the retrieved articles were made accessible.