Drugs in Context最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum: real-world management of abnormal scarring using topical silicone gel: expert consensus and case series from the Asian SCARS Expert Group","authors":"Xiaonan Yang, Visnu Lohsiriwat, Frank Chun Shin Chang, Tan Thiam Chye, Catherine J Howard, Liang Qiao, Steven W Shaw, Tu Nguyen Anh Tran, Chan Yung, Daniel Dellosa, Dinesh Nagrale","doi":"10.7573/dic.2023-10-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2023-10-3","url":null,"abstract":"The authors wish to make the following corrections to their article: Yang X, Lohsiriwat V, Chang FCS, Chye TT, Howard CJ, Qiao L, Shaw SW, Tran TNA, Yung C, Dellosa D, Nagrale D. Real-world management of abnormal scarring using topical silicone gel: expert consensus and case series from the Asian SCARS Expert Group. Drugs Context. 2023;12:2023-4-3. https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2023-4-3","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal resistance, combinations and pipeline: oh my!","authors":"Kayla R Stover, Brandon K Hawkins, J Myles Keck, Katie E Barber, David A Cretella","doi":"10.7573/dic.2023-7-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2023-7-1","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive fungal infections are a strong contributor to healthcare costs, morbidity and mortality, especially amongst hospitalized patients. Historically, Candida was responsible for approximately 15% of all nosocomial bloodstream infections. In the past 10 years, the epidemiology of Candida species has altered, with increasing prevalence of resistant species. With rising fungal resistance, especially in Candida spp., the demand for novel antifungal therapies has exponentially increased over the last decade. Newer antifungal agents have become an attractive option for patients needing long-term therapy for infections or those requiring antifungal prophylaxis. Despite advances in coverage of non-Candida pathogens with newer agents, clinical scenarios involving multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens continue to arise in practice. Combination antifungal therapy can lead to a host of side-effects, some of which can be drug limiting. Additional antifungal therapies with enhanced fungal spectrum of activity and decreased rates of adverse effects are warranted. Fosmanogepix, ibrexafungerp, olorofim and rezafungin may help fill some of these gaps in the antifungal armamentarium. This article is part of the Challenges and strategies in the management of invasive fungal infections Special Issue: https://www.drugsincontext.com/special_issues/challenges-and-strategies-in-the-management-of-invasive-fungal-infections","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":" 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of xyloglucan associations with gelatin or gelose on Escherichia coli-derived lipopolysaccharide-induced enteritis in rats.","authors":"Vassilia Theodorou,&nbsp;Catherine Beaufrand,&nbsp;Hélène Eutamene","doi":"10.7573/dic.2023-5-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2023-5-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> is the predominant non-pathogenic facultative microbe of the human intestine, although some strains are diarrhoeagenic in humans. <i>E. coli</i>-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces diarrhoea, intestinal barrier impairment, bacterial translocation and intestinal inflammation. Associations with the mucoprotectant xyloglucan exhibit antidiarrhoeal effects. This study evaluated and compared the effects of xyloglucan in combination with gelatin or gelose (agar-agar) on jejunal permeability and inflammation using an <i>in vivo</i> rat model of <i>E. coli</i> LPS-induced enteritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Xyloglucan (12.5 mg/kg) plus gelatin (250 mg/kg) or gelose (250 or 500 mg/kg) were administered orally 2 hours before intraperitoneal injection with <i>E. coli</i> LPS. Following euthanasia, jejunal segments were removed for intestinal permeability measurement in Ussing chambers and inflammatory tone evaluation by myeloperoxidase activity assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LPS administration increased jejunal permeability and increased mucosal inflammation in male Wistar rats. Xyloglucan plus gelatin 250 mg/kg and xyloglucan plus gelose 500 mg/kg significantly attenuated LPS-induced jejunal hyperpermeability and myeloperoxidase activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Xyloglucan, a known mucosal barrier protector, in combination with gelatin or gelose, has beneficial and comparable effects on intestinal permeability and inflammation following <i>E. coli</i> LPS insult in male rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"12 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71421717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood guttate psoriasis: an updated review.","authors":"Alexander Kc Leung,&nbsp;Benjamin Barankin,&nbsp;Joseph M Lam,&nbsp;Kin Fon Leong","doi":"10.7573/dic.2023-8-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2023-8-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Guttate psoriasis is common and affects 0.5-2% of individuals in the paediatric age group. This review aims to familiarize physicians with the clinical manifestations, evaluation, diagnosis and proper management of guttate psoriasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search was conducted in July 2023 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term \"guttate psoriasis\". The search strategy included all observational studies, clinical trials and reviews published within the past 10 years. The information retrieved from the search was used in the compilation of the present article.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Guttate psoriasis typically presents with an abrupt onset of numerous, small, scattered, tear-drop-shaped, scaly, erythematous, pruritic papules and plaques. Sites of predilection include the trunk and proximal extremities. There may be a history of preceding streptococcal infection. Koebner phenomenon is characteristic. Guttate psoriasis may spontaneously remit within 3-4 months with no residual scarring, may intermittently recur and, in 40-50% of cases, may persist and progress to chronic plaque psoriasis. Given the possibility for spontaneous remission within several months, active treatment may not be necessary except for cosmetic purposes or because of pruritus. On the other hand, given the high rates of persistence of guttate psoriasis and progression to chronic plaque psoriasis, some authors suggest active treatment of this condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Various treatment options are available for guttate psoriasis. Triggering and exacerbating factors should be avoided if possible. Topical corticosteroids alone or in combination with other topical agents (e.g. tazarotene and vitamin D analogues) are the most rapid and efficient treatment for guttate psoriasis and are therefore the first-line treatment for mild cases. Other topical therapies include vitamin D analogues, calcineurin inhibitors, anthralin, coal tar and tazarotene. Ultraviolet phototherapy is the first-line therapy for moderate-to-severe guttate psoriasis, as it is more practical than topical therapy when treating widespread or numerous small lesions. Systemic immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies (e.g. methotrexate, cyclosporine, retinoids, fumaric acid esters and biologics) may be considered for patients with moderate-to-severe guttate psoriasis who fail to respond to phototherapy and topical therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"12 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71421716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ingredients of Vicks VapoRub inhibit rhinovirus-induced ATP release.","authors":"Rebecca J Stinson,&nbsp;Alyn H Morice,&nbsp;Basir Ahmad,&nbsp;Laura R Sadofsky","doi":"10.7573/dic.2023-3-2","DOIUrl":"10.7573/dic.2023-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over-the-counter therapies, such as Vicks VapoRub, are frequently used in the management of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. Of these, acute cough is the most bothersome; however, the mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. The temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, including TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPM8 and TRPV4, are potential candidates. TRPV4 is also thought to be involved in cough through the TRPV4-ATP-P2X3 pathway. Here, we hypothesise that Vicks VapoRub ingredients (VVRIs) modulate the TRP cough channels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stably transfected HEK cells expressing TRP channels were challenged with VVRIs, individually or in combination, and the agonist and antagonist effects were measured using calcium signalling responses. In addition, rhinovirus serotype-16 (RV16)-infected A549 airway epithelial cells were pre-incubated with individual or combinations of VVRIs prior to hypotonic challenge and extracellular ATP release analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Calcium signalling reconfirmed some previously defined activation of TRP channels by specific VVRIs. The combined VVRIs containing menthol, camphor and eucalyptus oil activated TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPM8 and untransfected wild-type HEK293 cells. However, pre-incubation with VVRIs did not significantly inhibit any of the channels compared with the standard agonist responses. Pre-incubation of RV16-infected A549 cells with individual or combined VVRIs, except menthol, resulted in a 0.45-0.55-fold reduction in total ATP release following hypotonic stimulation, compared with infected cells not treated with VVRIs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that some VVRIs may reduce symptoms associated with upper respiratory tract infection by modulating specific TRP receptors and by reducing RV16-induced ATP release.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"12 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ed/b8/dic-2023-3-2.PMC10578958.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of baricitinib in patients with alopecia areata: evidence to date.","authors":"Sofia Faria,&nbsp;Egídio Freitas,&nbsp;Tiago Torres","doi":"10.7573/dic.2023-6-2","DOIUrl":"10.7573/dic.2023-6-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, tissue-specific autoimmune disorder, characterized by non-scaring hair loss, with a global prevalence of approximately 2%. Typically, it affects a young population, with initial onset frequently occurring before the age of 30 years. Even though the exact pathogenesis of AA remains unclear, the predominant hypothesis is the breakdown of immune privilege of the hair follicle, resulting in increased self-antigen and major histocompatibility complex expression in the follicular epithelium. The relapsing nature of the disease negatively impacts patients' quality of life and makes them more susceptible to developing psychiatric comorbidities. Although many treatment modalities have been proposed, there are no currently available treatments able to induce and sustain disease remission. Traditional treatment modalities, despite being widely used, present limited results and a high risk of adverse effects. Hence, there exists an unfulfilled requirement for treatments that are both more efficient and safer. The latest understanding of the pathophysiology of AA and its connection to the JAK-STAT pathway has prompted the advancement of JAK inhibitors. These small-molecule agents function by obstructing the JAK-STAT intracellular signalling pathway. Baricitinib an orally administered, selective JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor is a promising alternative to the available treatments, and is already approved for the treatment of AA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"12 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/50/dic-2023-6-2.PMC10537548.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41135306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precautions in the management of opioid agonist therapy: from target population characteristics to new formulations and post-marketing monitoring - a focus on the Italian system.","authors":"Guido Mannaioni, Fabio Lugoboni","doi":"10.7573/dic.2023-2-6","DOIUrl":"10.7573/dic.2023-2-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a serious medical condition with vast social, health and economic impact. Individuals with OUD are prescribed opioid agonist therapies, such as methadone, levomethadone, buprenorphine or naloxone/buprenorphine, to reduce the risks associated with illegal substance abuse, eventually leading to opioid use abstinence. The OUD population has peculiar frailties, mainly related to the psychiatric sphere, which may jeopardize their therapeutic course. Amongst the possible phenomena that may contribute to treatment failure, opioid agonist therapy misuse and diversion are of utmost importance, leading to serious repercussions for patients as well as for national health systems. To minimize the consequences related to these practices, it is necessary to implement cross-cutting precautions, from the formulation of abuse-deterrent drugs to the implementation of a national monitoring system that oversees the health situation and signals when action is needed. Based on these premises, this article focuses on data and insights concerning the Italian territory.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"12 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a3/ab/dic-2023-2-6.PMC10470859.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10156262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Precautions in the management of opioid agonist therapy: from target population characteristics to new formulations and post-marketing monitoring - a focus on the Italian system.","authors":"","doi":"10.7573/dic.2023-11-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2023-11-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7573/dic.2023-2-6.].</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"12 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10751103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139039662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical experience with pemigatinib for previously treated metastatic cholangiocarcinoma: practical considerations from clinical cases.","authors":"Jonathan Wadsley, Alan Christie, Roopinder Gillmore, Amy Trinh, Rachel Greig","doi":"10.7573/dic.2023-5-5","DOIUrl":"10.7573/dic.2023-5-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is challenging. In patients with advanced CCA, gemcitabine/cisplatin combination is the standard frontline chemotherapy, with 5-fluorouracil-based regimens preserved for subsequent lines; however, the expected survival is poor. Pemigatinib was approved for locally advanced or metastatic CCA with <i>FGFR2</i> fusions or rearrangement. Pemigatinib has a manageable safety profile and achieves a durable response. Nearly 50 patients with CCA have been treated with pemigatinib in the United Kingdom. However, clinical experience with pemigatinib is lacking. We present our experience with three clinical cases to illustrate the position of pemigatinib in the management of CCA and related toxicities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"12 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4b/e6/dic-2023-5-5.PMC10435267.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10050262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world management of abnormal scarring using topical silicone gel: expert consensus and case series from the Asian SCARS Expert Group.","authors":"Xiaonan Yang, Visnu Lohsiriwat, Frank Chun Shin Chang, Tan Thiam Chye, Catherine J Howard, Liang Qiao, Steven W Shaw, Tu Nguyen Anh Tran, Chan Yung, Daniel Dellosa, Dinesh Nagrale","doi":"10.7573/dic.2023-4-3","DOIUrl":"10.7573/dic.2023-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preventing abnormal scar formation and correcting non-aesthetic mature scars are important to prevent physical and psychosocial consequences of abnormal scarring. Evidence-based guidelines for scar management in Asian patients recommend first-line silicone-based products. Dermatix^®* Ultra and Dermatix Ultra Kids are topical silicone gels containing a vitamin C ester that helps lighten scar tissue. Herein, we report a case series including patients with hypertrophic and keloid scars treated with Dermatix, showing that Dermatix is effective for scar treatment and prevention, as well as expert consensus supporting the safe and effective use of Dermatix.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"12 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/57/aa/dic-2023-4-3.PMC10321470.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9809287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}