Drugs in Context最新文献

{"title":"Immunostimulant-induced maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in respiratory infection prophylaxis.","authors":"Kanta Basharat, Melissa Ferraris, Fulvio Braido, Giovanni Melioli","doi":"10.7573/dic.2025-12-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2025-12-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunostimulants were established many years ago to improve the capacity of the immune system to react to exogenous noxae. Immunostimulants can be synthesized in the lab or extracted from bacterial cultures. For example, bacterial lysates have been shown to have a significant effect on the number of infectious episodes, duration of fever and use of antibiotics in patients affected by recurrent respiratory tract infections. The capacity of bacterial lysates to induce the maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) has been indicated as the first and fundamental effect focused on the activation of an efficient immune response. Synthetic drugs, used in clinics in the prophylaxis of recurrent respiratory tract infections, have also been described to induce the maturation of DCs. Pidotimod, one of the most representative immunostimulant drugs, has been proposed to induce DC maturation. However, an optimal maturation of DCs is needed to achieve an efficient immune response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the capacity of pidotimod in inducing the maturation of DCs using a prototypic bacterial lysate, Lantigen B, as a control. This maturation was detected using a monocyte-derived DC maturation assay, measured as an increase in the expression of the CD83 and CD86 and the secretion of IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-23, three pivotal cytokines for the activation of an efficient immune response.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the current experimental conditions, 10, 1 and 0.1 μg of pidotimod had no effects on DCs, whilst Lantigen B was able to induce complete maturation of DCs in vitro. Additionally, the same doses of pidotimod used in conjunction with Lantigen B also had no further effect on DC maturation induced by the bacterial lysate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings seem to support the concept that bacterial lysates are more effective than other synthetic immunostimulants in inducing an efficient immune response able to affect the incidence and severity of airway infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"15 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete response to pembrolizumab in a paediatric patient with Lynch syndrome-associated colorectal cancer: a case report and review of immunotherapy-related bowel obstruction.","authors":"Antonio Ruggiero, Fernando Fuccillo, Palma Maurizi, Alberto Romano, Dario Talloa, Stefano Mastrangelo, Michele Basso, Vito Briganti, Maria Cristina Giustiniani, Roberto Persiani, Giorgio Attinà","doi":"10.7573/dic.2026-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2026-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is extremely rare in paediatrics with aggressive histopathology and advanced presentation. Whilst pembrolizumab has shown efficacy in adult microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficiency CRC, paediatric data remain scarce. A 12-year- old boy with Lynch syndrome-associated CRC developed severe cardiac toxicity after initial chemotherapy. Treatment was switched to off-label pembrolizumab, resulting in a complete response after 24 cycles. Despite good tolerability, the patient developed a delayed bowel stricture at the tumour site. After surgery, there was no pathological evidence of residual adenocarcinoma. This case demonstrates the potential of pembrolizumab in paediatric CRC, highlighting the importance of molecular-guided rather than age-restricted therapy selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"15 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of silymarin with lifestyle intervention in NAFLD and metabolic syndrome: a prospective single-arm study.","authors":"Wattana Sukeepaisarnjaroen, Roongruedee Chaiteerakij, Elvie Victonette Gonzalez, Mario Alex Alcasid, Rafiz Abdul Rani, Maria Teresita R Andal Gamutan, Marie Michelle Cloa, Leilanie Salgado, Ekawee Sripariwuth, Madalinee Eternity Labio, Sakkarin Chirapongsathorn, Taned Chitapanarux, Laura Colombo, Nageswara Rao Yeluchuri, Sanjay Hadigal, Amit Ravindra Birajdar, Melanie Emmeluth","doi":"10.7573/dic.2025-12-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2025-12-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has now become a major global health concern. Lifestyle modifications are the first line of treatment; however, their effectiveness is often limited. Silymarin extracted from <i>Silybum marianum</i> is effective and well tolerated in patients with liver disorders. This study aimed to assess the effect of administration of silymarin along with lifestyle changes on lowering liver enzymes in patients with NAFLD and metabolic syndrome in a real-world setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients enrolled in this observational study were prescribed standard of care (diet and physical exercise) and one capsule of 140 mg of silymarin thrice daily for 6 months. Laboratory tests, non-invasive tests, ultrasonography, quality of life questionnaire, lifestyle changes and safety were assessed at 3-month and 6-month visits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 360 patients enrolled in the study, 315 (88%) completed the study. At baseline, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were elevated in 45%, 90% and 47% of patients, respectively. By end of study, 45% (148/328) of patients achieved normalization in at least one enzyme (AST: 42%, ALT: 34%, GGT: 28%), and overall, 78% of patients showed reduction in levels for at least one liver enzyme. Enzyme levels including AST, ALT, and GGT, underwent a clinically relevant decrease (>30%) in 42%, 40%, and 34% of patients, respectively. Silymarin was well tolerated with no serious side-effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Silymarin combined with lifestyle modifications is a safe and effective treatment option for reducing and normalizing liver enzyme levels in patients with NAFLD and associated metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05051527.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"15 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of left ventricular dysfunction during cancer therapy: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Edgardo Kaplinsky, Alejandro Barbagelata, Juliana Giorgi, Caroline O Fischer-Bacca","doi":"10.7573/dic.2025-10-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2025-10-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing population of cancer survivors has brought to light the critical challenge of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction, particularly with the use of anthracyclines, HER2-targeted agents and other novel therapeutics. This review aims to support the personalized integration of cardiovascular risk management into oncology care to optimize long-term patient outcomes. We summarize the outline approaches to patient risk assessment and surveillance, and present evidence-based non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies for cardioprotection during cancer treatment. These strategies highlight recent data supporting the emerging cardioprotective role of exercise training, as well as the use of SGLT2 inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, sacubitril/valsartan, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, statins and dexrazoxane. We present a comprehensive synthesis emphasizing the critical role of cardio-oncology in identifying patients at high risk, understanding clinical outcomes, and implementing practical, evidence-based strategies. Our findings underscore the need for proactive cardiovascular risk management to enhance long-term care in oncology patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"15 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheological properties and clinical efficacy of a chemically modified hyaluronic acid for joint health enhancement.","authors":"Francesco Benazzo, Andrea Bernetti","doi":"10.7573/dic.2025-10-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2025-10-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) significantly impairs mobility and quality of life, with its prevalence rising due to ageing populations. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) injections, or viscosupplementation, restore synovial fluid viscosity, enhancing lubrication and joint function. Hymovis^®/Hymovis ONE^®, an advanced HA-based viscosupplement, incorporates hydrophobic modifications via MO.RE. technology, forming a reversible network that enhances viscoelasticity and lubrication. Hymovis exhibits self-healing properties, retaining elasticity and viscosity under mechanical stress, and demonstrates enhanced resistance to oxidative damage and enzymatic degradation. Evidence also supports its shock absorption and lubricating efficacy, which may exceed that of some cross-linked HA products. Clinical trials confirm its effectiveness in reducing OA-related pain and improving function in the knee, shoulder and hip. Additionally, Hymovis supports meniscal healing, as evidenced by MRI, highlighting its role in conservative meniscal tear management. In sports medicine, Hymovis alleviates joint overuse injuries, reducing pain, enhancing function, and potentially delaying OA progression. Hymovis ONE, specifically indicated for mild-to-moderate knee and hip OA, offers a single-injection solution with long-term benefits. Limitations of this narrative review include a predominance of observational studies and relatively small sample sizes in some clinical trials. Nonetheless, current evidence suggests that Hymovis/Hymovis ONE represent effective intra-articular viscosupplementation options, leveraging MO.RE. technology to improve HA properties. Their clinical efficacy and safety make them valuable for OA management, meniscal injury treatment and joint health maintenance in active individuals, ultimately contributing to improved quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"15 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating oritavancin for Gram-positive infections: a systematic review of on-label and off-label use.","authors":"Alex Soriano, Carlo Tascini, Marco Falcone, Laura Morata, Marco Bongiovanni, Federico Pea, Pierluigi Viale","doi":"10.7573/dic.2025-9-4","DOIUrl":"10.7573/dic.2025-9-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oritavancin is a long-acting lipoglycopeptide antibiotic approved for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) with potential applicability across difficult-to-treat Gram-positive infections such as osteomyelitis, bacteraemia and endocarditis. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy, safety and clinical use of oritavancin across on-label and off-label indications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE and CENTRAL were searched (2011-2024) for randomized trials, retrospective cohorts, case series and real-world evidence reporting clinical outcomes following oritavancin administration. Risk of bias was assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tools for randomized clinical trials and cohort studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five studies met inclusion criteria: 11 evaluating ABSSSI (<i>n</i>=2311) and 14 assessing off-label use (<i>n</i>=692), including for osteomyelitis, bacteraemia and endocarditis. Across ABSSSI randomized clinical trials, oritavancin demonstrated clinical cure rates of 79.6-83.3%, comparable to those of vancomycin. In retrospective studies, clinical success rates ranged from 85% to 88% in ABSSSI retrospective studies and from 70% to 100% in off-label studies. Adverse events were primarily mild to moderate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oritavancin is effective for ABSSSI and may be a promising treatment alternative for selected Gram-positive off-label indications requiring prolonged therapy. Standardized dosing strategies and prospective trials are needed to define optimal regimens for off-label indications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"15 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13016551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147520304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biologics-induced cutaneous pseudolymphomas: a narrative review with an illustrative case of brodalumab-induced pseudolymphoma.","authors":"Gustavo Almeida-Silva, Inês Tribolet de Abreu, Filipe Monteiro, Pedro de Vasconcelos, Paulo Filipe, Joana Antunes","doi":"10.7573/dic.2025-10-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2025-10-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous pseudolymphomas (CPLs) comprise a heterogeneous group of benign lymphoid proliferations that simulate cutaneous lymphomas both clinically and histologically. Numerous causes have been identified, including infections, arthropod bites, tattoos and drugs. With the expanding use of biologic therapies for chronic inflammatory dermatoses, a growing number of drug-related CPLs have been reported. Although tumour necrosis factor inhibitors are most frequently implicated, emerging evidence suggests that other biologic therapy classes may also trigger lymphoid hyperplasia through immune dysregulation. We provide a concise narrative review of biologics-induced CPLs and illustrate the topic with the first reported case of brodalumab-induced pseudolymphoma in a patient with psoriasis. Understanding this rare adverse event is crucial for early recognition, correct histopathological interpretation and appropriate management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"15 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12945438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147325019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic treatment for neonatal sepsis: changing trends and future directions.","authors":"Genevieve Pg Fung, Kam Lun E Hon, Alexander Kc Leung","doi":"10.7573/dic.2025-5-4","DOIUrl":"10.7573/dic.2025-5-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neonatal sepsis is a serious and life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality, especially in preterm neonates in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). This article provides an updated review on the aetiology and diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, antibiotic management and antibiotic stewardship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scopus in January 2025, using the following MeSH terms: \"sepsis\", \"neonate\" and \"antibiotic\". Meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials and reviews published in the English language from 2005 to 2025 with patients in the neonatal age group were included. A total of 715 articles were identified and screened, and 85 studies were included in the final review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neonatal sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality, with distinct pathogens identified in early-onset and late-onset sepsis, ventilator-associated pneumonia, urinary tract infection and fungal infections. Early recognition, accurate diagnosis and timely commencement of empirical antibiotics are paramount for improved outcomes. Fungal prophylaxis is considered for at-risk neonates in some NICUs with a high incidence of fungal infection. Universal group B <i>Streptococcus</i> screening decreased the incidence of early onset sepsis, but the emergence of resistant strains of certain organisms present new challenges. Evidence-based antibiotic prescription guidelines, antibiotic stewardship programmes and quality improvement projects are essential for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance in the NICU.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Effective management of neonatal sepsis relies on early pathogen identification, judicious use of antibiotics and good antimicrobial stewardship. Future research directions include development of evidence-based protocols and improvement of rapid diagnostic techniques, combined with close monitoring and individualized care.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"15 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12916204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146225897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world effectiveness of a phlebotonic formulation combining diosmin, Ruscus, Melilotus and Vitis vinifera on symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic venous and lymphatic disease: results from the VIVEMA Stasis observational study.","authors":"Giampiero Avruscio, Carmen Tirrito, Sonia Ragazzo, Mario Mangrella, Roberto Piazza, Erica Tanasi","doi":"10.7573/dic.2025-10-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2025-10-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic venous disease and lymphoedema frequently coexist, leading to significant symptom burden and impaired quality of life (QoL). Phlebotonic agents, such as diosmin, <i>Ruscus aculeatus</i>, <i>Melilotus officinalis</i> and <i>Vitis vinifera</i>, have demonstrated complementary anti-inflammatory, venotonic and lymphokinetic effects. However, real-world evidence on their combined use remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The VIVEMA Stasis study was a retrospective observational analysis conducted in a real-world clinical setting. Adult patients with lower limb venous and/or lymphatic oedema received a 30-day treatment with a standardized formulation containing diosmin, <i>R. aculeatus</i>, <i>M. officinalis</i> and <i>V. vinifera</i> extracts, in addition to compression therapy. The primary endpoint was improvement in health-related QoL, assessed using the CIVIQ-14 questionnaire. Secondary endpoints included changes in symptom burden and limb circumference measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-one patients (mean age 54.0 years; 84.3% female) were included. After 30 days, significant improvements were observed in QoL (global CIVIQ-14 score: <i>p</i><0.001), with reductions in pain, sleep disturbance and functional limitations. Objective measurements showed significant reductions in both ankle and calf circumferences (median reduction: 0.40 cm and 0.50 cm, respectively; <i>p</i><0.001). Symptom burden scores improved significantly (median increase from 19.0 to 25.0; <i>p</i>=0.002), especially for swelling, heaviness and fatigue. No adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this real-world setting, a short-term integrative treatment with a phlebotonic formulation combining diosmin, <i>R. aculeatus</i>, <i>M. officinalis</i> and <i>V. vinifera</i> significantly improved QoL, symptom burden and oedema in patients with chronic venous and lymphatic disease. These findings support the therapeutic potential of combined phlebotonic therapy alongside standard care.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"15 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12916203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146225905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging concepts in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: focus on twice-yearly lenacapavir.","authors":"Sarah L Anderson","doi":"10.7573/dic.2025-10-7","DOIUrl":"10.7573/dic.2025-10-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The persistent global burden of HIV and the need for more flexible, durable prevention strategies have accelerated the development of long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) options. Lenacapavir (LEN), a first-in-class capsid inhibitor, is approved as a twice-yearly subcutaneous injection for HIV prevention and represents a major advance beyond oral injectable PrEP regimens administered daily or every 2 months. Data from phase III trials demonstrate high efficacy, sustained drug levels and strong adherence potential, positioning LEN as a transformative option for individuals seeking long-acting protection. Its unique mechanism of action and extended dosing interval can address key barriers to PrEP uptake and persistence, particularly amongst populations disproportionately at risk for HIV. LEN may play a central role in expanding choice and improving the real-world effectiveness of PrEP. Ongoing considerations include implementation logistics, equitable access, potential drug resistance and integration into existing prevention frameworks. Twice-yearly LEN is a critical addition to the evolution of HIV prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11362,"journal":{"name":"Drugs in Context","volume":"15 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12900279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}