Critical reviews in oncology/hematology最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of axatilimab in chronic graft-versus-host disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Eshak I. Bahbah ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Attia ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a significant challenge after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, with unmet needs for effective salvage therapies in refractory patients. Axatilimab, a CSF-1R inhibitor, targets macrophages central to cGVHD pathophysiology. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the available clinical evidence on axatilimab's efficacy and safety in cGVHD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched major databases through May 2025 for studies evaluating axatilimab in cGVHD (clinical trials and cohorts). Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using ROBINS-I, RoB 2.0, NOS, and certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. Pooled proportions were calculated using random-effects models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four studies comprising 304 heavily pre-treated patients were included. The pooled Overall Response Rate was 58 % (95 % CI: 45–72 %). Clinically meaningful symptom improvement occurred in 64 % (95 % CI: 53–75 %). Any-grade adverse events (AEs) occurred in 97 %, Grade ≥ 3 AEs in 58 % (95 % CI: 52–64 %), and treatment discontinuation due to AE in 16 % (95 % CI: 11–20 %). Common AEs included periorbital edema and laboratory abnormalities. Overall certainty of evidence was rated as Low by GRADE.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This meta-analysis suggests axatilimab is an effective and generally well-tolerated treatment option for refractory cGVHD, demonstrating clinically meaningful response rates, particularly in difficult-to-treat gastrointestinal involvement. These findings support its use in heavily pre-treated patients in the third-line or later setting. However, the overall certainty of evidence is Low due to limitations in current study designs, highlighting the critical need for future high-quality randomized comparative trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 104855"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FAP-α in soft tissue and bone sarcomas: A new potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in the era of precision medicine","authors":"Alessandra Bracigliano ,&nbsp;Ottavia Clemente ,&nbsp;Annarita Peddio ,&nbsp;Giuseppina Della Vittoria Scarpati ,&nbsp;Antonio Pizzolorusso ,&nbsp;Lucia Cannella ,&nbsp;Fernanda Picozzi ,&nbsp;Carmela Garosi ,&nbsp;Federica Papa ,&nbsp;Flavia Balzamo ,&nbsp;Salvatore Tafuto","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP-α) is a membrane-bound serine protease expressed by mesenchymal cells within the tumor microenvironment. It has garnered significant attention due to its involvement in tumorigenesis in several neoplasms, with a specific attention in sarcomas due to their mesenchymal origin. In this review, the authors explore the biological functions of FAP-α and its implications in sarcoma pathophysiology. Understanding the potential applicability of FAP-α as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in sarcoma could provide new avenues for targeted therapies and improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 104852"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in radiotherapy: A critical review","authors":"Emma D'Ippolito ,&nbsp;Roberta Grassi ,&nbsp;Cristiano Grossi ,&nbsp;Imma Vivone ,&nbsp;Giusepina Iaquinto ,&nbsp;Viola Salvestrini ,&nbsp;Francesca De Felice ,&nbsp;Luca Boldrini ,&nbsp;Antonio Piras ,&nbsp;Isacco Desideri ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Carlo Iorio ,&nbsp;Valerio Nardone","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Radiotherapy is an effective anticancer agent. Radiosensitivity varies between individuals. While disparities in radiosensitivity between sex have been well documented, most radiotherapy guidelines and clinical trials do not take into account this important sex/gender factor.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Key references were derived from a PubMed query. Hand searching and clinicaltrials.gov were also used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This paper contains a narrative report and a critical discussion of the current evidence regarding the interplay between gender and radiotherapy in terms of both treatment tolerance and efficacy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Personalized treatment approaches and gender-aware clinical trials are essential to optimize patient care and achieve equitable outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 104843"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additions and subtractions of radiotherapy in patients with oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer under the era of immunotherapy","authors":"Ziran Sun ,&nbsp;Junxu Wen ,&nbsp;Wenxing Cui,&nbsp;Minghao Yu,&nbsp;Yankang Li,&nbsp;Xiangjiao Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a distinct subtype characterized by a limited number of metastatic lesions. Radiotherapy (RT) is vital in treating NSCLC. However, the role of RT should be investigated further as the treatment of NSCLC has been revolutionized by immunotherapy. In this review, we aimed to explore“additive” and “subtractive” strategies involving RT for treating oligometastatic NSCLC. In additive strategies, the synergistic effects of combining RT with immunotherapy are emphasized, which can improve local control and enhance systemic immune responses. In contrast, subtractive strategies involve limiting or eliminating RT in specific patient subgroups, especially in those who respond appropriately to only immune checkpoint inhibitors. This minimizes toxicity and improves the quality of life. We provided insights into the efficacy and safety of these strategies, while considering factors including patient selection, treatment sequence, radiation dose, and fractionation schedule. Furthermore, we discussed the challenges and unresolved issues. In this review, we summarized the latest clinical trials and advances in research to provide the scientific basis and practical guidance for personalized RT strategies for treating oligometastatic NSCLC when receiving immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 104853"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144628024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the challenges of immunotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A review of the evidence from the literature","authors":"Irene Solana López ,&nbsp;Alicia Vargas Aliaga ,&nbsp;Enrique Sanz-García","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-HNSCC) is the most common stage at diagnosis for this disease. Despite significant advancements in cure rates through surgery and chemoradiotherapy, recurrence rates remain high, underscoring the need for alternative strategies to improve outcomes. Immunotherapy, particularly PD-1 inhibitors, has become the standard of care in recurrent or metastatic settings, sparking interest in their use in LA-HNSCC. This review synthesizes the findings of clinical trials investigating neoadjuvant immunotherapy over the past five years, highlighting its potential to improve overall survival and prevent recurrence. We emphasize the substantial heterogeneity of these studies in terms of treatment regimens, combinations, and durations, which complicates the interpretation and comparison of results. Additionally, we discuss the potential role of immunotherapy in tailoring subsequent treatment strategies based on response. We also address key challenges in clinical trial design, such as the selection of appropriate endpoints (e.g., pathological response, toxicity, and time-to-event endpoints like disease-free survival or overall survival) and the integration of biomarkers to predict outcomes. Preliminary findings suggest that adding chemotherapy or other checkpoint inhibitors to PD-1 inhibitors may enhance pathological responses, although further research is needed to determine if this translates into longer survival and improved quality of life. We emphasize the need to identify predictive biomarkers for patient selection and establish consensus in trial design to facilitate result comparisons. In conclusion, while neoadjuvant immunotherapy offers promising opportunities, ongoing research is crucial to refine its clinical application and maximize its therapeutic potential in LA-HNSCC patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 104841"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma based on etiology: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized phase III trials","authors":"Charlene Hoi Lam Wong ,&nbsp;Kenneth Sik Kwan Chan ,&nbsp;Regina Cheuk Lam Lo ,&nbsp;Chi Leung Chiang","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Robust comparative data on the treatment efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on disease etiology are lacking. We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) and pairwise meta-analysis to evaluate the survival of patients with advanced HCC treated with systemic therapies based on etiology.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed/MEDLINE Ovid, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Databases, and trial registries were systematically searched for relevant studies from 1 January 2009 and 6 June 2024. Phase III randomized controlled trials of systemic therapies in advanced HCC patients with survival outcomes reported in at least one of the three etiology subgroups (hepatitis B virus &lt;HBV&gt;, hepatitis C virus &lt;HCV&gt;, or non-viral etiology) were recruited. Frequentist NMA was used to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of treatments and the P-score to rank the effectiveness of the treatments. A random-effects pairwise meta-analysis with pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) was used to quantify the effect of treatments. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) and the secondary outcome was progression free survival (PFS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 29 RCTs encompassing 18,229 patients were included. In first-line trials. Atezolizumab + bevacizumab (atezo-bev) (P-score, 87 %) and STRIDE (P-score, 75 %) yielded the best OS benefits among all approved regimens in the HBV population; atezo-bev (P-score, 94 %) ranked the best in HCV patients. For non-viral aetiology, STRIDE (P-score, 79 %) ranked the best whereas atezo-bev (P-score, 29 %) ranked the worst. Pairwise MA showed that ICI + VEGF/VEGFRi has significantly different HR compared to control (sorafenib) in different etiology (HBV: 0.65, HCV: 0.72, and non-viral: 0.98, p = 0.01), while ICI has consistent HR compared to control irrespective of disease etiology (HBV: 0.81, HCV: 0.79, non-viral: 0.83, p = 0.94).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Treatment efficacy of advanced HCC is affected by underlying liver disease. The survival benefit of ICI + VEGF/VEGFRi was mainly seen in viral-HCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 104842"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel insight into the Warburg effect: Sweet temptation","authors":"Heng Zhang ,&nbsp;Sinian Liu ,&nbsp;Shengfeng Fu ,&nbsp;Qihan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuheng Wang ,&nbsp;Yin Yuan ,&nbsp;Changhe Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolic reprogramming is an important feature of tumors, and reprogramming of glucose metabolism was the earliest identified marker of metabolic alterations in tumors. The Warburg effect describes the propensity of tumor cells to preferentially metabolize glucose through glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen, rather than relying on oxidative phosphorylation. This unique metabolic phenotype empowers cancer cells to proliferate and invade indefinitely, inducing metabolic adaptations that provide cancer cells with a survival advantage in hypoxic and nutrient-poor environments. Various mechanisms are able to promote the Warburg effect, and the adverse effects are complex and diverse. This review primarily examines the Warburg effect in tumor cells, and systematically investigates the influence of factors such as glycolytic enzymes, mitochondrial function, tumor microenvironment, and oncogenes on the Warburg effect. It comprehensively summarizes the underlying mechanisms of reactions and corresponding targeted drugs while discussing their potential applications in anticancer therapy. Elevated aerobic glycolysis activity represents a key characteristic of tumor cells, which can offer new insights for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Furthermore, in the context of recent research advancements, this review discusses how these insights may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. which is a difficult and meaningful challenge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 104844"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The management of adrenocortical carcinoma in the era of precision medicine","authors":"F. Flauto,&nbsp;G. Ferone,&nbsp;M.C. De Martino,&nbsp;R. Pivonello,&nbsp;A. Colao,&nbsp;V. Damiano","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy of the adrenal cortex, with heterogeneous clinical behaviour and limited therapeutic efficacy in advanced disease. While surgical resection remains the mainstay of curative treatment for localized tumours, outcomes in metastatic ACC remain poor, with long-term disease control achieved only in a minority of patients. Recent multi-omic studies have uncovered distinct molecular subtypes of ACC, providing deeper insight into tumor biology and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities. However, the translation of these molecular findings into clinical decision-making remains limited. This review offers a comprehensive and clinically relevant synthesis of current knowledge on ACC, with a specific focus on how molecular profiling can refine diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies. We discuss current gaps, implementation challenges, and future directions toward a precision oncology approach for ACC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 104839"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung cancer organoids in translational research: Bridging basic science, drug development, and clinical therapeutics","authors":"Jiequn Ma ,&nbsp;Suoni Li ,&nbsp;Xi Zhang ,&nbsp;Peixi Zhao ,&nbsp;Bin Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianren Yue ,&nbsp;Le Han ,&nbsp;Jie Bai ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yili Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, presenting significant clinical challenges despite advancements in therapeutic strategies. Recent developments have highlighted the potential of lung cancer organoids as a promising tool to bridge basic science, drug development, and clinical therapeutics. This review focuses on the innovative role of lung cancer organoids in translational research, particularly their ability to integrate and accelerate the development of personalized treatment strategies. By mimicking patient-specific tumor microenvironments, lung cancer organoids provide an unparalleled platform for drug screening, evaluation of immune therapies, and assessment of anti-angiogenesis treatments. We posit that lung cancer organoids represent a cutting-edge, multidisciplinary tool with the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes through enhanced translational research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 104840"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap: the role of MDM2 inhibition in overcoming treatment resistance in breast cancer","authors":"Giuseppe Di Grazia ,&nbsp;Chiara Conti ,&nbsp;Sabrina Nucera ,&nbsp;Stefania Stella ,&nbsp;Michele Massimino ,&nbsp;Mario Giuliano ,&nbsp;Francesco Schettini ,&nbsp;Paolo Vigneri ,&nbsp;Federica Martorana","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53. It is involved in several biological processes and in cancer development, both in a p53-dependent and independent manner. Discordant evidence exists on MDM2 genetic polymorphisms and a possible susceptibility to breast cancer, but more studies are needed to fully understand this relationship.</div><div>Elevated MDM2 levels, due to gene amplification or overexpression, can be found in up to 40 % of estrogen receptor positive breast cancers. These alterations exert antiapoptotic activity, promoting cell survival and resistance to treatment, through the degradation of p53. For this reason, evidence about MDM2 activity as an oncogene led to various approaches to counter its action in cancer.</div><div>Several MDM2 inhibitors have been evaluated in in-vitro and in-vivo preclinical models, showing preliminary anticancer activity in various neoplasms, including breast cancer. Few of these agents have been tested in early phase clinical trials, alone or in combination, with some promising results, however showing significant drug toxicity. Wild type p53 may represent a potential biomarker of response. However, other biomarkers must be discovered to clearly select patients who can benefit from these therapies and new strategies are needed to manage their toxicity.</div><div>In conclusion, further research is needed to fully understand the role of MDM2 in breast cancer and to develop targeted therapies that can effectively inhibit its function and at the same time limit the toxicity of so far experimented compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 104834"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}