Critical reviews in oncology/hematology最新文献

{"title":"Biology of renal cancer tumor thrombus - towards the personalized approach","authors":"Sumit Sharma ,&nbsp;Michał Kunc ,&nbsp;Mieszko Czapliński ,&nbsp;Weronika Łyzińska ,&nbsp;Rafał Pęksa ,&nbsp;Le Qu ,&nbsp;Piotr Radziszewski ,&nbsp;Łukasz Zapała","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renal cell carcinoma - related thrombus arising within venous system (venous tumor thrombus, VTT) represents a distinct compartment within cancer, situated at the frontline with the continual interaction with host blood cells. Various host immune blood cells may possibly interact with VTT influencing its biology. While many authors have reviewed the current state-of-the-art of the management of VTT, its biology and microenvironment has not been comprehensively reviewed to date. In this narrative review, we described the current concepts on formation of thrombus, its histopathology, immune microenvironment, genetic and molecular features with potential impact on prognostication and tailored therapy. Although it is the sophisticated and challenging surgery that remains the primary modality in the management of RCC with VTT, recent advances in the research on cancer biology and microenvironment shed some light on the numerous future perspectives. The formation of tumor thrombus is a complex process, understanding of which may trigger onset of novel therapies leading to the improvement of not only oncological results but also patients’ safety in these life-threatening conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 104731"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel bioengineered drugs with immunotherapies for malignant pleural effusion: Remodulate tumor immune microenvironment and activate immune system","authors":"Lu Chen ,&nbsp;Jie Yin ,&nbsp;Ke Xu ,&nbsp;YuTing Cui ,&nbsp;SuHua Zhu ,&nbsp;Tian Li ,&nbsp;Tangfeng Lv ,&nbsp;Yong Song ,&nbsp;Ping Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) remains a clinical issue since it is associated with advanced-stage cancers and dismal survival, with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and ineffective drug delivery. Conventional therapies such as thoracentesis and pleurodesis are for symptom relief but palliative, without inducing immunity and prolonging survival. Emerging new bioengineered drugs, synergizing with immunotherapies, offer a new paradigm by dual-targeting TME remodeling and immune activation. These technologies leverage nanotechnology, gene editing, and biomaterials to offer precise spatiotemporal control. This review illustrates the molecular mechanism of the immunosuppressive TME in MPE. It examines the newest bioengineering platforms—such as cytokine-encapsulated nanoparticles and oncolytic viruses—that can reactivate immune mechanisms. We highlight preclinical and clinical evidence of the effectiveness of combinatorial strategies in overcoming local immune tolerance and potential risks in adverse events. While the clinical transformation challenge remains, future directions necessitate cross-disciplinary convergence to engineer intelligent delivery vehicles and predictive biomarkers for patient stratification. By integrating immunotherapy with bioengineering, this strategy not only restores antitumor immunity but also portends a new epoch of precision medicine for MPE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 104717"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity guidelines in oncology: A systematic review of the current recommendations","authors":"Alice Avancini ,&nbsp;Anita Borsati ,&nbsp;Linda Toniolo ,&nbsp;Christian Ciurnelli ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Belluomini ,&nbsp;Thomas Budolfsen ,&nbsp;Christian Lillelund ,&nbsp;Michele Milella ,&nbsp;Morten Quist ,&nbsp;Sara Pilotto","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review aims to summarize the recommendations endorsed by scientific societies regarding physical activity for patients with cancer. A systematic search was conducted to identify guidelines endorsed by scientific societies and published in the last 15 years dedicated to physical activity for cancer patients. The AGREE II instrument was used to assess the methodological quality of the guidelines. Results are presented as qualitative synthesis. A total of 11 guidelines met the inclusion criteria. Seven were considered high quality, scoring ≥60 % in the AGREE II tool. All the guidelines recommended to include aerobic and resistance training as types of activities. Regarding the physical activity dosage, most suggested a generic 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity activity plus resistance training twice a week. Three guidelines reported instructions for exercise prescription, including frequency, intensity, and duration of training sessions. Six guidelines reported exercise testing/medical clearance instructions, 9 provided considerations regarding adaptation/precautions, and 7 detailed the specialists for referral. Four guidelines considered motivational aspects related to physical activity and cancer. Although important steps have been made in the more recent recommendations, effort is needed to produce high-quality research in the exercise-oncology field, with the ultimate aim of developing more tailored guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 104718"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunocompetent tumor-on-a-chip: A translational tool for drug screening and cancer therapy","authors":"Anqi Liang ,&nbsp;Tao Tao ,&nbsp;Jiahui Chen ,&nbsp;Yucong Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhu ,&nbsp;Guiping Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tumor is one of the major diseases endangering human health while establishing an efficient in vitro tumor microenvironment (TME) model, which is an effective way to reveal the nature of the tumor and develop therapeutic methods. In recent years, due to the continuous development of lab-on-a-chip technology and tumor biology, various tumor-on-a-chip models applied to oncology research have emerged. Among them, the Immunotherapy-on-a-chip (ITOC) platform stands out with its ability to reflect immunological behavior in the TME. It is a class of in vitro tumor-on-a-chip with immune activity, which has good performance and the ability to reproduce TME. It can highly simulate the complex pathophysiological characteristics of tumors and be used to study various features related to tumor biological behavior. Currently, many advantageous functions and application values of ITOC platforms have been discovered and applied to tumor drug screening and development, tumor immunotherapy, and personalized therapy. In conclusion, the tumor-on-a-chip platform is a highly promising model for medical oncology research. In this review, the background of the ITOC platform, key factors for constructing an ideal ITOC platform, and the specific applications of ITOC platforms in tumor research and treatment are introduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 104716"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prognostic impact of tumor mutations and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with localized pMMR colorectal cancer – A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Amalie Thomsen Nielsen ,&nbsp;Ida Kolukisa Saqi ,&nbsp;Tobias Freyberg Justesen ,&nbsp;Michael Tvilling Madsen ,&nbsp;Ismail Gögenur ,&nbsp;Adile Orhan","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tumor mutations and the composition of the tumor microenvironment have prognostic and therapeutic significance in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, immunotherapy remains a challenge for patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) CRC. In this paper, the association between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor mutations on survival outcomes in patients with localized pMMR CRC was examined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The outcomes of interest were overall survival, disease-free survival, and cancer-specific survival. The risk of bias was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the quality of the cumulative evidence was evaluated through the modified GRADE approach.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>In total, 8498 articles were screened for eligibility and 44 articles were included in the meta-analysis with 33,704 patients in total. Patients with high infiltration of any TILs showed significantly improved overall survival (HR = 0.57, 95 % CI: 0.49–0.67, I²: 0 %), especially for the subgroup of CD3 + (HR = 0.52, 95 % CI: 0.38–0.71, I²: 0 %) and CD8 + (HR = 0.60, 95 % CI: 0.37–0.99, I²: 10 %) TILs. Patients with BRAF mutation (HR = 2.68, 95 % CI: 1.47–4.89, I²: 83 %) and KRAS mutation (HR = 1.25, 95 % CI: 1.18–1.33, I²: 0 %) showed decreased overall survival.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>High infiltration of TILs, especially CD3 + and CD8 + , was associated with significantly improved survival, while BRAF and KRAS mutations were correlated with worse survival outcomes for patients with non-metastatic pMMR CRC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 104714"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WEE1 inhibition in cancer therapy: Mechanisms, synergies, preclinical insights, and clinical trials","authors":"Krishnapriya Thangaretnam ,&nbsp;Md Obaidul Islam ,&nbsp;Jialun Lv ,&nbsp;Ahmed El-Rifai ,&nbsp;Ava Perloff ,&nbsp;Houda L. Soutto ,&nbsp;Dunfa Peng ,&nbsp;Zheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>WEE1 is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates the G2/M checkpoint by phosphorylating CDK1, preventing premature mitotic entry and maintaining genomic stability. Many cancers, particularly those with TP53 mutations, upregulate WEE1 to counteract replication stress and DNA damage, making it a key target for therapy. WEE1 inhibitors, especially adavosertib (AZD1775), have shown strong preclinical and clinical activity in ovarian, breast, gastrointestinal, and head and neck cancers. By inducing mitotic catastrophe and increasing DNA damage, WEE1 inhibition enhances the effectiveness of chemotherapies, including platinum-based agents, antimetabolites, and PARP inhibitors. It also synergizes with radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, improving responses in tumors with immune evasion. However, challenges such as acquired resistance, toxicity, and patient selection remain obstacles to clinical implementation. Given the expanding role of WEE1 inhibitors in cancer treatment, a comprehensive review is needed to summarize their biological functions, structural regulation, and therapeutic applications. This review highlights key findings from preclinical and clinical studies, explores emerging biomarkers for patient stratification, and discusses strategies to overcome resistance and toxicity. By integrating current knowledge, we aim to provide insights into optimizing WEE1-targeted therapies and guiding future research to maximize their clinical impact in cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 104710"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the multidisciplinary therapeutic management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Consensus statements from an Italian expert panel","authors":"Paolo Bossi ,&nbsp;Salvatore Alfieri ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Bonomo ,&nbsp;Andrea Botticelli ,&nbsp;Francesca De Felice ,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Ghi ,&nbsp;Massimo Ghiani ,&nbsp;Gabriele Molteni ,&nbsp;Patrizia Morbini ,&nbsp;Francesco Perri ,&nbsp;Vittorio Rampinelli ,&nbsp;Marco Ravanelli ,&nbsp;Valentino Valentini ,&nbsp;Stefania Vecchio ,&nbsp;Laura Deborah Locati","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The management of recurrent and/or metastatic (RM) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) poses significant clinical challenges. This study aimed to develop expert consensus statements to improve the multidisciplinary management of RM HNSCC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multidisciplinary team of 39 Italian experts, including medical oncologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists, employed the Delphi method to achieve consensus on critical aspects of RM HNSCC management. Two rounds of surveys were conducted, focusing on five key areas: PD-L1 testing, treatment selection, treatment refinement, patient care, and special clinical scenarios.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Consensus was reached on 43 out of 45 statements (96 %). Key recommendations included mandatory PD-L1 testing for guiding treatment selection, the use of immunotherapy in patients with a combined positive score ≥ 1, and the importance of considering patient fitness, disease characteristics, and potential treatment toxicities in decision-making. The panel emphasized integrating supportive care early in the treatment pathway and highlighted the need for multidisciplinary decision-making in cases of oligometastatic disease. Treatment strategies should prioritize both locoregional control and systemic therapy based on tumor biology and patient-specific factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These consensus statements provide guidance for optimizing the multidisciplinary management of RM HNSCC, emphasizing personalized treatment strategies, early supportive care, and the importance of clinical trials to address existing uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 104709"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers for predicting second primary malignancy risk in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: An integrated molecular perspective","authors":"Yutthana Rittavee ,&nbsp;Narin Ratanaprasert ,&nbsp;Saad Ahmed ,&nbsp;Tauangtham Anekpuritanang ,&nbsp;Chatchai Muanprasat ,&nbsp;Warut Pongsapich ,&nbsp;Natini Jinawath","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Second primary malignancies (SPMs) threaten long-term survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Advancing our understanding of the molecular events driving these secondary tumors is essential. This review has explicated molecular drivers of SPM development, including epigenetic alterations such as DNA hypermethylation, genetic polymorphisms affecting detoxification pathways, and shifts in gene and protein expression profiles. Disruptions in the p53 signaling pathway, immune-related pathways, and impairments in glutathione S-transferase–mediated detoxification, emerge as central contributors to SPM risk. Additionally, direct comparisons of tumor specimens with adjacent or distant normal mucosa highlight field cancerization biomarkers, underscoring widespread carcinogen-induced damage. Loss of heterozygosity at chromosome arm 13q, p53 overexpression in tumor-distant epithelia, and proteomic abnormalities in ostensibly healthy mucosa collectively promote a tumor-prone field that encourages the formation of independent secondary tumors. This interplay underscores a multifactorial landscape of SPM pathogenesis, involving genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and intricate epigenetic and transcriptomic networks. By recognizing and validating reliable biomarkers, clinicians may pinpoint high-risk patients with greater precision, intervene earlier, and customize follow-up protocols and treatment regimens. Ultimately, translating these insights into routine practice promises a more proactive, individualized approach to preventing SPMs in HNSCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 104711"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing imaging modalities for sarcoma subtypes in radiation therapy: State of the art","authors":"Arnaud Beddok ,&nbsp;Harleen Kaur ,&nbsp;Sakshi Khurana ,&nbsp;Laurent Dercle ,&nbsp;Radouane El Ayachi ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Jouglar ,&nbsp;Hamid Mammar ,&nbsp;Mathilde Mahe ,&nbsp;Elie Najem ,&nbsp;Laura Rozenblum ,&nbsp;Juliette Thariat ,&nbsp;Georges El Fakhri ,&nbsp;Sylvie Helfre","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The choice of imaging modalities is essential in sarcoma management, as different techniques provide complementary information depending on tumor subtype and anatomical location. This narrative review examines the role of imaging in sarcoma characterization and treatment planning, particularly in the context of radiation therapy (RT). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides superior soft tissue contrast, enabling detailed assessment of tumor extent and peritumoral involvement. Computed tomography (CT) is particularly valuable for detecting osseous involvement, periosteal reactions, and calcifications, complementing MRI in sarcomas involving bone or calcified lesions. The combination of MRI and CT enhances tumor delineation, particularly for complex sites such as retroperitoneal and uterine sarcomas, where spatial relationships with adjacent organs are critical. In vascularized sarcomas, such as alveolar soft-part sarcomas, the integration of MRI with CT or MR angiography facilitates accurate mapping of tumor margins. Positron emission tomography with [18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18 F]-FDG PET) provides functional insights, identifying metabolically active regions within tumors to guide dose escalation. Although its role in routine staging is limited, [18 F]-FDG PET and emerging PET tracers offer promise for refining RT planning. Advances in artificial intelligence further enhance imaging precision, enabling more accurate contouring and treatment optimization. This review highlights how the integration of imaging modalities, tailored to specific sarcoma subtypes, supports precise RT delivery while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues. These strategies underline the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in improving sarcoma management and outcomes through multi-image-based RT planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 104708"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on targeting diverse immune cells for anticancer therapy: Beyond immune checkpoint inhibitors","authors":"Dequan Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Liu ,&nbsp;Xinming Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaoman Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaochi Chen,&nbsp;Xiangyu Che,&nbsp;Guangzhen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, primary resistance and acquired resistance continue to limit their efficacy for many patients. To address resistance and enhance the anti-tumor activity within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), numerous therapeutic strategies targeting both innate and adaptive immune cells have emerged. These include combination therapies with ICIs, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T), chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-Ms) or chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell (CAR-NK) therapy, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitors, dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, cytokine therapies, and chemokine inhibition. These approaches underscore the significant potential of the TIME in cancer treatment. This article provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the mechanisms of action of various innate and adaptive immune cells within the TIME, as well as the therapeutic strategies targeting each immune cell type, aiming to deepen the understanding of their therapeutic potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 104702"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}