Drugs under experimental and clinical research最新文献_第10页

Effect of simvastatin on trioleylglycerol hydrolysis and transacylation with cholesterol in serum of outpatients with coronary heart disease. 辛伐他汀对门诊冠心病患者血清三油基甘油水解和转酰基化与胆固醇的影响。

Drugs under experimental and clinical research Pub Date : 2003-01-01

M Pioruńska-Stolzmann, A Pioruńska-Mikolajczak, Z Mikolajczyk

{"title":"Effect of simvastatin on trioleylglycerol hydrolysis and transacylation with cholesterol in serum of outpatients with coronary heart disease.","authors":"M Pioruńska-Stolzmann, A Pioruńska-Mikolajczak, Z Mikolajczyk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the most effective drugs in treating hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis are the statins, which are potent inhibitors of the rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Serum triacylglycerol (TAG) levels associate positively with the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Triacylglycerols are mainly hydrolyzed by the enzyme lipase (glycerol ester hydrolase [GEH], EC 3.1.1.3) but can also be transformed by transacylation with cholesterol (glycerol ester:cholesterol acyltransferase [GECAT], EC 2.3.1.43). We evaluated the effect of a 3-month treatment with simvastatin (10 mg/day) on GEH and GECAT activity in the serum of 26 outpatients with CHD. The activity of both GEH and GECAT was reduced in the CHD group compared with that in the control group: 5.9 +/- 0.9 mU/mg vs. 7.5 +/- 1.8 mU/mg and 11.1 +/- 1.4 mU/mg vs. 19.3 +/- 3.3 mU/mg, respectively (p < or = 0.05). In addition to the well known effect of reducing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with CHD, we observed two other results of simvastatin treatment. First, GEH activity increased to values similar to those found in healthy subjects and, simultaneously, GECAT activity decreased. Trioleylglycerol transacylation with cholesterol amounted to 72% and hydrolysis to 28% in the control group and to 65% and 35% in the CHD group, respectively. After simvastatin treatment, transacylation with cholesterol and hydrolysis amounted to 51% and 49%, respectively. In conclusion, by increasing GEH and reducing GECAT, simvastatin seems not only to affect cholesterol synthesis but also to alter triacylglycerol metabolism. Further studies are needed to determine the physiological significance of these changes and their relationship with the development of atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":11336,"journal":{"name":"Drugs under experimental and clinical research","volume":"29 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22486427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hochu-ekki-to suppresses development of dermatitis and elevation of serum IgE level in NC/Nga mice. hohu -ekki-to抑制NC/Nga小鼠皮炎的发展和血清IgE水平的升高。

Drugs under experimental and clinical research Pub Date : 2003-01-01

H Kobayashi, N Mizuno, H Kutsuna, H Teramae, S Ueoku, J Onoyama, K Yamanaka, N Fujita, M Ishii

引用次数: 0

Wine in the prevention of chronic bacterial urinary infection. 酒在预防慢性细菌性尿路感染中的作用。

Drugs under experimental and clinical research Pub Date : 2003-01-01

G S Trapani

引用次数: 0

Role of viticultural factors on stilbene concentrations of grapes and wine. 葡萄栽培因素对葡萄和葡萄酒中二苯乙烯浓度的影响。

Drugs under experimental and clinical research Pub Date : 2003-01-01

L Bavaresco

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of anaerobes from skin specimens. 皮肤标本厌氧菌的特征。

Drugs under experimental and clinical research Pub Date : 2003-01-01

S Higaki, M Morohashi

引用次数: 0

Risk factors of adverse drug reaction caused by nimesulide in Shanghai patients with osteoarthropathy. 上海地区骨关节病患者尼美舒利药物不良反应危险因素分析。

Drugs under experimental and clinical research Pub Date : 2003-01-01

W Shi, Y M Wang, S L Li, M Yan, B Y Chen, N N Chen, D Li

{"title":"Risk factors of adverse drug reaction caused by nimesulide in Shanghai patients with osteoarthropathy.","authors":"W Shi, Y M Wang, S L Li, M Yan, B Y Chen, N N Chen, D Li","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to nimesulide in patients from Shanghai with osteoarthropathy. A retrospective epidemiological study was performed to obtain information (observational variables) on demographics, primary disease, family history of disease, quality of life, dietary habits, lifestyle, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and ADR history of NSAIDs. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to establish the relationship between these observational variables and the occurrence of ADRs caused by nimesulide. Among the 726 variables, five risk factors for ADRs to nimesulide were identified. The study showed an increased risk for ADR occurrence with increased scoring of the following four factors: (i) \"Concomitant drug therapy\" (odds ratio [OR]: 4.66, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.26-17.26, p < 0.05); (ii) \"Compared with six months ago, how would you rate your health in general now?\" (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.03-1.84, p < 0.05); (iii) \"General feeling of health status\" (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03-1.56, p < 0.05) and (iv) \"1 expect my health to get worse\" (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.22-3.44, p < 0.01). There was a decreased risk for ADR occurrence with increased scoring of the factor \"Have you ever suffered from depression that impacted on your life?\" (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03-0.66, p < 0.05). The predictive model for the overall incidence rate of ADRs caused by nimesulide was then established. In conclusion, the predictive model helps to indicate the risk of ADRs to nimesulide and provides clinicians with an alternative method for decision making when prescribing this drug.","PeriodicalId":11336,"journal":{"name":"Drugs under experimental and clinical research","volume":"29 4","pages":"161-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40839362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wine and endothelial function. 葡萄酒与内皮功能。

Drugs under experimental and clinical research Pub Date : 2003-01-01

G Caimi, C Carollo, R Lo Presti

{"title":"Wine and endothelial function.","authors":"G Caimi, C Carollo, R Lo Presti","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years many studies have focused on the well-known relationship between wine consumption and cardiovascular risk. Wine exerts its protective effects through various changes in lipoprotein profile, coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades, platelet aggregation, oxidative mechanisms and endothelial function. The last has earned more attention for its implications in atherogenesis. Endothelium regulates vascular tone by a delicate balancing among vasorelaxing (nitric oxide [NO]) and vasoconstrincting (endothelins) factors produced by endothelium in response to various stimuli. In rat models, wine and other grape derivatives exerted an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxing capacity especially associated with the NO-stimulating activity of their polyphenol components. In experimental conditions, reservatrol (a stilbene polyphenol) protected hearts and kidneys from ischemia-reperfusion injury through antioxidant activity and upregulation of NO production. Wine polyphenols are also able to induce the expression of genes involved in the NO pathway within the arterial wall. The effects of wine on endothelial function in humans are not yet clearly understood. A favorable action of red wine or dealcoholized wine extract or purple grape juice on endothelial function has been observed by several authors, but discrimination between ethanol and polyphenol effects is controversial. It is, however likely that regular and prolonged moderate wine drinking positively affects endothelial function. The beneficial effects of wine on cardiovascular health are greater if wine is associated with a healthy diet. The most recent nutritional and epidemiologic studies show that the ideal diet closely resembles the Mediterranean diet.","PeriodicalId":11336,"journal":{"name":"Drugs under experimental and clinical research","volume":"29 5-6","pages":"235-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24510860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial activity and interference of tobramycin and chloramphenicol on bacterial adhesion to intraocular lenses. 妥布霉素和氯霉素对人工晶状体细菌粘附的抑菌活性及干扰作用。

Drugs under experimental and clinical research Pub Date : 2003-01-01

L Drago, E De Vecchi, L Nicola, M R Gismondo

{"title":"Antimicrobial activity and interference of tobramycin and chloramphenicol on bacterial adhesion to intraocular lenses.","authors":"L Drago, E De Vecchi, L Nicola, M R Gismondo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The antimicrobial activities of tobramycin and chloramphenicol were evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, group A, group B and group G streptococci, Klebsiella spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and ciprofloxacin-resistant and -susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as by evaluating interference on adhesion of slime producer strains of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa to intraocular lens from tobramycin and chloramphenicol pharmaceutical products by scanning electron microscopy. Chloramphenicol was more active against Gram-positive bacteria than was tobramycin, which instead showed higher activity against ciprofloxacin-susceptible P. aeruginosa. Treatment of lenses with the antimicrobial products eradicated the bacterial biofilm, which was already notably reduced after 5 min. This activity was more pronounced for chloramphenicol against S. aureus and for tobramycin against P. aeruginosa. Bacterial adhesion was also significantly reduced when lenses colonized by P. aeruginosa were treated with chloramphenicol, even if they were resistant to this drug. In conclusion, the tested drugs showed marked antibacterial activity, particularly by interfering with bacterial biofilms. The data obtained in this study suggest a specific use of chloramphenicol in topical prophylaxis aimed at avoiding bacterial contaminations. However, further specific in vivo studies are needed to confirm these data.","PeriodicalId":11336,"journal":{"name":"Drugs under experimental and clinical research","volume":"29 1","pages":"25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22486426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Propionibacterium acnes lipase in seborrheic dermatitis and other skin diseases and Unsei-in. 痤疮丙酸杆菌脂肪酶在脂溢性皮炎和其他皮肤病中的应用。

Drugs under experimental and clinical research Pub Date : 2003-01-01

S Higaki, M Morohashi

引用次数: 0

Nifedipine inhibits apoptotic cell death of cultured endothelial cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 硝苯地平抑制肿瘤坏死因子α诱导的内皮细胞凋亡。

Drugs under experimental and clinical research Pub Date : 2003-01-01

S Yamagishi, Y Inagaki, R Abe, S Kikuchi, N Sasaki, M Takeuchi

引用次数: 0