Discourse Processes最新文献

{"title":"Structural repetition in responses to indirect requests","authors":"Katherine Chia, Ashley A. Edwards, Christopher Schatschneider, Michael P. Kaschak","doi":"10.1080/0163853x.2023.2255508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2023.2255508","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTWe report three experiments that assess whether structural priming in a question–answer dialogue context is affected by the use of direct requests, conventional indirect requests, and nonconventional indirect requests. In Experiments 1 and 2, experimenters made phone calls to businesses and asked either Can you tell me (at) what time you close? (conventional indirect request) or May I ask you (at) what time you close? (nonconventional indirect request). Structural priming was demonstrated by participants’ greater tendency to produce a preposition in their response (At 9 vs. 9 o’clock) when the question had a preposition than when it did not. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 suggest that priming is not statistically different across request types. In Experiment 3, we compared priming for the conventional indirect requests to priming for direct requests ([At] what time do you close?). Again, priming did not differ across question types. We conducted a final analysis that included data from all three experiments plus a large dataset collected using the same procedure. The larger analysis (n > 43,000) confirmed that priming did not differ across sentence types. AcknowledgmentWe thank the many research assistants who assisted with these studies: Rebecca Applebaum, Samirah Artiste, Haley Barash, Mia Carter, Alathea Fairweather, Matthew Gomes, Karina Guenin, Alex Gutowski, Victoria Kolev, Elizabeth Lacy, Mollie Londot, Jordan Madsen, Jennifer Mast, Casey Oberdick, Maria Ribeiro-Siqueira, Kayla Sizemore, Lindsey Summerlin, Kristen Tinnerman, Jeremiah Townsend, Richard Valencia, Olivia Wentworth-Buchanan, Alyssa Westmoreland, Rachel White, Jordan Wiener, and Ashlyn Young.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. We analyzed the data with the following model: Dependent Variable ~ Question Type × Sentence + (1 + Question Type | Experimenter).2. Confidence intervals computed using the confint() function in R, based on the model specified in footnote 1.3. The designation “responded to the direct component of the indirect request” should only apply to the conventional and nonconventional indirect requests. However, there were a small number of cases where participants responded to What time do you close? (a direct request) by saying Sure! We close at 9 (or something similar). These were coded as “1” because the participant provided a yes or no answer before responding to the request for information (even though the question did not include a yes or no component).","PeriodicalId":11316,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Processes","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135203604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Demo</i> “but”-prefaced responses to inquiry in Japanese","authors":"Yuki Arita","doi":"10.1080/0163853x.2023.2255501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2023.2255501","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis conversation analytic study investigates the use of the Japanese contrastive marker demo “but” as a preface to responses to polar questions. Demo-prefaced responses are one type of nonconforming answers, that is, responses that provide (dis)affirmation to preceding questions without yes/no-tokens. This study explores how question recipients treat the preceding questions with their demo-prefaced responses. The data analysis is twofold: this research first examines the turn-initial demo to scrutinize basic properties of demo-prefacing in responses to polar questions; then the study explores how the basic properties are in effect with a + demo-prefacing (i.e., demo-prefacing preceded by the turn-initial particle a), the largest set of combined turn-beginning elements involving demo in the database. This study reveals that demo-prefacing fundamentally serves to proffer qualification upon implied affirmation. When used with a, demo registers question recipients’ implied acknowledgment of the legitimacy of the question’s presupposition while projecting disaffirmation of the inquired proposition. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Appendix 1Transcript symbolsTableDownload CSVDisplay TableAbbreviationsTableDownload CSVDisplay TableNotes1. The English translation for demo is provided in the title of this article for the benefit of readers with no Japanese language background. It is not the author’s intention to suggest an absolute correspondence between demo and but.2. A similar function has been reported for the English but as well. Schiffrin (Citation1987) identifies but as a point-making device. She observes that speakers use but to return to a prior concern that had been interrupted, misunderstood, and/or challenged during activities of storytelling or argument building. See also Choe and Reddington (Citation2018), who examine the use of but-prefacing as a practice of refocusing on the main course of action in public discourse.3. As discussed later, however, certain properties of demo-prefacing to disagreeing turns which Mori (Citation1999) documents are also observed in demo-prefaced question responses in this study.4. Iya is one of the Japanese disaffirming tokens. Kushida (Citation2005) points out that while iya can be translated into “no,” iya cannot be used as a free-standing particle and thus has functions broader than those of the English “no.” Kushida further shows that iya can preface both conforming and nonconforming responses to polar questions. In the present study, iya + demo-prefacing always introduces nonconforming responses (n = 7). The possible interactional correlation of demo-prefacing with iya-prefacing should be investigated with more examples.5. The particle n (or un, nn) is an informal form of an affirmation particle hai “yes.” The affirmation particle n is typically pronounced with a falling pitch. On the contrary, the particle n placed before demo is elongated and p","PeriodicalId":11316,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Processes","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135203609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of social status in sarcasm interpretation: evidence from the United Kingdom and China","authors":"Ning Zhu, Ruth Filik","doi":"10.1080/0163853x.2023.2252695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2023.2252695","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11316,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Processes","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135877983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the spatial gradient effect in narratives","authors":"Emily R. Smith, R. B. Lea, E. J. O'Brien","doi":"10.1080/0163853X.2023.2245313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2023.2245313","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current set of experiments was designed to explore the processing of spatial information during reading, specifically the spatial-shift effect and the spatial-gradient effect. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that when participants were presented with text alone (i.e., without prior map memorization, virtual environments, task demands, or prior knowledge of the spatial information), the spatial-shift effect does emerge. Using the time to name a spatial location as a measure of spatial activation, participant naming times were faster for the original spatial location when the protagonist had moved a smaller distance relative to when the protagonist had moved a larger distance. Further, Experiment 3 provided evidence to support that a spatial gradient of activation is evident; this was done by adding an additional point of spatial distance in which the protagonist did not move from the initial location. The results are discussed within the context of the memory-based view of text comprehension.","PeriodicalId":11316,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Processes","volume":"60 1","pages":"522 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45352440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional shifts, event-congruent emotions, and transportation in narrative persuasion","authors":"Marie-Luise C. R. Schmidt, Julia R. Winkler, Markus Appel, Tobias Richter","doi":"10.1080/0163853x.2023.2252696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2023.2252696","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional shifts in stories are assumed to contribute to narrative persuasion by enhancing engagement with the story. This effect might depend on the congruency of audiences’ emotional experience to the emotions implied by the story. In two experiments with wellcontrolled story manipulations, we compared the persuasive effect of stories with shifts in valence (from positive to negative to positive) to continuously positive story versions and examined moderating influences of event-congruent emotions and narrative transportation. The positive story versions were consistently more persuasive than the versions with emotional shifts. Transportation increased the persuasive effect of the stories, but only in audiences that listened to the shifting stories. In both emotional story trajectories, event-congruent emotional experience enhanced persuasion. We discuss our findings in terms of boundary conditions of the effect of emotional shifts in narrative persuasion.","PeriodicalId":11316,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Processes","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135745924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Politeness and the communication of uncertainty when breaking bad news","authors":"Harry T. Clelland, M. Haigh","doi":"10.1080/0163853X.2023.2245310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2023.2245310","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Uncertain language can be used to express genuine uncertainty but can also be used to manage face (e.g., by softening bad news). These conflicting motivations can create ambiguity in health communication. In this preregistered two-part experiment, participants assumed the position of a health specialist and wrote a letter communicating either a certain or an uncertain medical diagnosis. This was addressed to either a patient (high face threat) or the patient’s family doctor (low face threat). Letters written under high face threat contained more words and more dispreferred markers (e.g., sorry, unfortunately) than those written under low face threat. The number of explicit hedges (e.g., possibly, maybe) did not differ as a function of face threat. Time taken to write the letters was elevated only in the condition where face threat was high and the diagnosis was uncertain, suggesting that the joint pressures of communicating uncertain information in a tactful way increased the task demands. Our data demonstrate that participants spontaneously produced dispreferred markers (but not explicit hedges) to manage face and that face management is more taxing under uncertainty. Ratings from a second set of participants indicate that face management strategies did not affect the perceived meaning or manner of the message. For open materials, data, and code, see https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZU2AN.","PeriodicalId":11316,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Processes","volume":"60 1","pages":"479 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49502914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Families’ discursive practices in data discussions about migration histories","authors":"Daryl Axelrod, J. Kahn","doi":"10.1080/0163853X.2023.2225981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2023.2225981","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Large-scale data and data visualizations are ubiquitous now in the stories that shape our society. In particular, these stories influence youth and families’ communication and understanding of scientific, social, and personal issues. Consequently, we need to better understand how youth and families can engage and learn with the tools that generate such narratives. This study reports on a qualitative analysis of 13 data discussions with families that used data visualization tools to explore georeferenced data connected to their family migration histories. We developed the Co-Construct, Situate, Advance a Theory (CSAT) model, from family cases, which details the discursive and interactional processes by which families tell personal stories grounded in data displays. Extending earlier studies of storytelling as theory-building in family conversations, our model provides an understanding of families’ discursive practices around data exploration. We discuss implications for family learning with data technologies.","PeriodicalId":11316,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Processes","volume":"60 1","pages":"457 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47978476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction","authors":"D. Axelrod, J. Kahn","doi":"10.1080/0163853x.2023.2250644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2023.2250644","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11316,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Processes","volume":"60 1","pages":"I - I"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43907568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental differences in children’s generation of knowledge-based inferences","authors":"Nicola K. Currie, K. Cain","doi":"10.1080/0163853X.2023.2225980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2023.2225980","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We examined knowledge-based inference in 6-, 8- and 10-year-olds. Participants listened to texts where the number of clues for an inference was manipulated and then judged whether single-word probes (target inference, competing inference, literal word from the text and an unrelated concept) were related to the story. Accuracy and response times were analyzed with mixed-effects models. Inference accuracy was higher with three clues, and older children responded to the inference more accurately and quickly than younger children. The inference and literal probes were compared: 10-year-olds responded more accurately and quickly to the inference; however, 6-year-olds were more accurate for the literal. We propose that by 10-years of age, children are able to activate knowledge-based inferences while listening to text. All age groups had some inhibition difficulty, with less accurate and slower responses for the competing inference than the unrelated concept. Inference instruction should be sensitive to developmental differences in inferential processing.","PeriodicalId":11316,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Processes","volume":"60 1","pages":"440 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45614116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anchoring your bridge: the importance of paraphrasing to inference making in self-explanations","authors":"D. McNamara, Natalie Newton, Katerina Christhilf, Kathryn S. McCarthy, Joseph P. Magliano, L. Allen","doi":"10.1080/0163853X.2023.2225757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2023.2225757","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Analyzing constructed responses, such as think-alouds or self-explanations, can reveal valuable information about readers’ comprehension strategies. The current study expands on the extant work by (1) investigating combinations and patterns of comprehension strategies that readers use and (2) examining the extent to which these patterns relate to individual differences and comprehension outcomes. We leveraged archival data from three datasets (n = 472) to examine how comprehension strategy use varied across datasets, texts, and populations (high school, undergraduate). Students’ self-explanations were coded for strategy use and then further analyzed in terms of combinations and patterns of strategies. Our analyses revealed that almost all readers primarily engaged in paraphrasing and/or the combination of paraphrasing and bridging, with few instances of elaboration. Further, the combination of paraphrasing and bridging was the best predictor of performance on a comprehension test. In terms of patterns, switching between strategies was not correlated to reading comprehension and was negatively correlated with the combination of paraphrasing and bridging. Understanding which strategy combinations and patterns are optimal can be used to inform adaptive instruction and feedback that can aid in more individualized support for readers.","PeriodicalId":11316,"journal":{"name":"Discourse Processes","volume":"60 1","pages":"337 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41646725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}