Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics最新文献

Characterization of drug-drug interaction for antibody-drug conjugates and risk assessment using various approaches including physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling 抗体-药物偶联物的药物-药物相互作用的表征和使用各种方法的风险评估，包括基于生理的药代动力学模型。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2026.101525

Dan Lu , Donglu Zhang , Jin Yan Jin , Chunze Li , Yuan Chen

{"title":"Characterization of drug-drug interaction for antibody-drug conjugates and risk assessment using various approaches including physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling","authors":"Dan Lu , Donglu Zhang , Jin Yan Jin , Chunze Li , Yuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2026.101525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2026.101525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ADCs represent a rapidly growing class of cancer therapeutics and hold significant promise. As of December 2025, fourteen ADCs have received FDA approval, with more than 100 additional ADCs currently in clinical development. Assessment of ADC DDI risk requires consideration of both mAb and cytotoxic payload components of ADCs. The mAb-related DDIs may occur under certain circumstances typically as a pharmacodynamic target mediated interaction, but no clinically meaningful impact has been reported. Whereas, the payload, once released from the ADC, is expected to behave as a small molecule and may pose an enzyme- or transporter-mediated DDI risk. Although the risk of payloads as precipitant of DDI is low and likely of little if any clinical relevance, the potential of circulating payloads as a DDI object still exists depending on its disposition pathways and pharmacokinetic characteristics. In this manuscript, fifteen approved ADCs with eight distinct payloads—MMAE, MMAF, DXd, ozogamicin, DM1, DM4, SN-38, and PBD SG3199 were reviewed for its DDI characterization and risk assessment. Different approaches, including in vitro and in vivo characterization, especially the use of PBPK modeling, were summarized. Insight from the Pharm industry on ADC DDI risk assessment as well as regulatory impact and future directions were discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11298,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating renal transporter biomarkers into drug development: Discovery, clinical assessment, and precision medicine 将肾转运蛋白生物标志物整合到药物开发中：发现、临床评估和精准医学。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2026.101515

Sook Wah Yee , Bhagwat Prasad , Hiroyuki Kusuhara , Emi Kimoto

{"title":"Integrating renal transporter biomarkers into drug development: Discovery, clinical assessment, and precision medicine","authors":"Sook Wah Yee , Bhagwat Prasad , Hiroyuki Kusuhara , Emi Kimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2026.101515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2026.101515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renal transporters play a critical role in the renal secretion of prescription drugs and endogenous metabolites. Inhibition of these transporters can increase the plasma exposure of a co-administered drug by reducing its renal clearance, potentially resulting in clinically significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The ICH M12 guideline promotes the use of endogenous substrates as biomarkers offers a promising approach for assessing transporter inhibition during early-phase clinical studies, potentially reducing reliance on traditional probe-based DDI trials. This strategy may reduce or eliminate the need for dedicated DDI studies using exogenous probe substrates, thereby streamlining drug development and advancing precision medicine. This review provides an overview of the discovery, evaluation, and application of renal transporter biomarkers—specifically endogenous metabolites—in the context of transporter-mediated DDI risk assessment. We highlight the use of in vitro and in vivo models, including transporter-overexpressing cell systems, knockout mice, and clinical DDI samples, to identify and validate biomarkers for renal transporters. Human genetic studies further support biomarker discovery by linking transporter variants to metabolite levels. Analytical tools like targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches are essential for biomarker identification and quantification. Additionally, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is discussed as a critical tool for translating biomarker data into clinical DDI predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11298,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PBPK Modeling Addresses Oral Absorption-Mediated Drug Interactions PBPK模型解决了口服吸收介导的药物相互作用。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2026.101523

Xinyuan Zhang, Grace Fraczkiewicz, Viera Lukacova

{"title":"PBPK Modeling Addresses Oral Absorption-Mediated Drug Interactions","authors":"Xinyuan Zhang, Grace Fraczkiewicz, Viera Lukacova","doi":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2026.101523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2026.101523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Absorption is the first and imperative step to understanding the pharmacokinetics (PK) and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) of a drug product. Drug interactions also occur during the absorption process and have the potential to alter the PK of a drug, causing safety and efficacy concerns. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has emerged as a powerful tool to assess these interactions, supporting drug development and regulatory decisions. This review explores key mechanisms underlying oral absorption-mediated DDIs, including alterations in gastric pH, gastric emptying, gastrointestinal transit, and food effects. While interactions involving intestinal transporters and enzymes are reviewed in other articles of this special issue, this work emphasizes changes in gastrointestinal factors that influence drug absorption. Applications of PBPK modeling are illustrated through case examples predicting pH-dependent interactions, gastric transit alterations, and food effects. Regulatory acceptance of PBPK-based DDI assessments is discussed with reference to recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) case studies. Finally, future directions highlight the integration of machine learning and global harmonization of regulatory expectations. PBPK modeling offers a mechanistic approach for assessing absorption-mediated DDI risk, enhancing decision-making in drug development and regulatory science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11298,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146141214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

4β-Hydroxycholesterol as an endogenous biomarker for CYP3A induction: Scientific rationale, clinical utility, and future perspectives 4β-羟胆固醇作为CYP3A诱导的内源性生物标志物：科学原理、临床应用和未来展望

IF 2.2 4区医学

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2026.101524

Barry Jones

{"title":"4β-Hydroxycholesterol as an endogenous biomarker for CYP3A induction: Scientific rationale, clinical utility, and future perspectives","authors":"Barry Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2026.101524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2026.101524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>4β-Hydroxycholesterol (4β-HC) is an oxysterol formed via CYP3A-mediated hydroxylation of cholesterol. It is a sensitive and non-invasive biomarker for assessing CYP3A enzyme activity. 4β-HC exhibits a long half-life with estimates ranging from around 60 h to 17 days, which makes it a reliable and stable marker for chronic CYP3A induction detection. However, it limits its utility in acute response assessment. Moderate to strong inducers of CYP3A will produce levels of 4β-HC which can be used with reasonable predictive accuracy in pharmacokinetic and PBPK models but sensitivity to weak inducers and inhibitors remains inappropriate. Clinical correlations confirm moderate to strong associations with hepatic CYP3A activity measured by probe drugs such as midazolam, while intestinal CYP3A contributions and variability from genetic polymorphisms, physiological states, and methodological factors complicate interpretation. Collectively, these findings confirm 4β-HC utility as a biomarker for CYP3A induction in long-term exposure. Complementary approaches and refined methodologies will be needed, however, to overcome kinetic and variability constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11298,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146156405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cytochrome P450 reaction phenotyping: State of the art 细胞色素P450反应表型：最新进展。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101508

Elaine Tseng, R. Scott Obach

{"title":"Cytochrome P450 reaction phenotyping: State of the art","authors":"Elaine Tseng, R. Scott Obach","doi":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cytochrome P450 reaction phenotyping refers to the in vitro experimental approach that estimates the quantitative contributions of individual P450 enzymes to the metabolism of a drug. Methods for this are well-established and have existed for over three decades and include the use of selective inhibitors, individually expressed P450 enzymes, and human-derived in vitro systems such as liver microsomes and hepatocytes. The results from P450 reaction phenotyping experiments are used to inform patient safety, clinical trial designs, and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models, and this information is an expectation from government regulatory authorities when developing a new drug candidate. Despite widespread use, P450 reaction phenotyping methods possess shortcomings. These include sub-optimal selectivity of P450 inhibitors, scaling factors that can differ among substrates, challenges measuring low turnover substrates, and considerations of non-P450 routes of drug clearance (e.g. active transport, other drug metabolizing enzyme families). A recently described “sequential qualitative-then-quantitative” approach to P450 reaction phenotyping is described along with a more comprehensive experimental design that considers incomplete selectivity of P450 inhibitors. This approach addresses some of the aforementioned shortcomings, however it is still important to consider the contribution of P450 enzymes to the overall dispositional profile that is obtained from in vivo studies, such as radiolabel human absorption/distribution/metabolism/excretion (ADME) studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11298,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cytochrome P450 inhibition correlates with hepatotoxicity of pesticides: Analysis using repeated-dose toxicity data in rats 细胞色素P450抑制与农药肝毒性相关：使用大鼠重复剂量毒性数据分析。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101505

Minami Shibata, Nana Uchida, Akira Ooka, Ryota Shizu, Kouichi Yoshinari

{"title":"Cytochrome P450 inhibition correlates with hepatotoxicity of pesticides: Analysis using repeated-dose toxicity data in rats","authors":"Minami Shibata, Nana Uchida, Akira Ooka, Ryota Shizu, Kouichi Yoshinari","doi":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a significant challenge in drug development and safety assessment, requiring a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms. We recently reported that the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 is associated with DILI; however, it is unclear whether this association extends to non-pharmaceutical chemicals with structurally and pharmacologically diverse properties. In this study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between P450 inhibition and the hepatotoxicity of pesticides by using the results of rat repeated-dose toxicity studies and in vitro assays. A test set of 126 pesticides was evaluated for inhibitory activity against six rat P450s using recombinant enzymes and luminescent substrates. Statistical analyses revealed that the inhibition of CYP1A1 and CYP2C6 was significantly (<em>p</em> < 0.05) associated with liver hypertrophy-related findings, including weight increase and centrilobular hepatocyte hypertrophy, and dyslipidemia characterized by elevated blood cholesterol levels. In addition, simple regression analysis demonstrated that CYP2C6-inhibitory activity correlated with the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) values for the hypertrophy and dyslipidemia in carbamates. These results suggest that hepatotoxicity associated with CYP1A1 inhibition is a common phenomenon across chemical classes, and that CYP2C6 inhibition is specifically linked to liver hypertrophy and dyslipidemia in pesticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11298,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145862330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Appreciation to Reviewers 2025 感谢审稿人2025

IF 2.2 4区医学

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/S1347-4367(26)00007-8

引用次数: 0

Positive implications of PBPK platform qualification for predicting drug–drug interactions: Taking on cracks only to see bigger gaps! PBPK平台资格对预测药物-药物相互作用的积极影响：采取裂缝只会看到更大的差距！

IF 2.2 4区医学

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101514

Amin Rostami-Hodjegan

{"title":"Positive implications of PBPK platform qualification for predicting drug–drug interactions: Taking on cracks only to see bigger gaps!","authors":"Amin Rostami-Hodjegan","doi":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this mini-review, the readers are provided with series of key references which highlight the latest trends in the space of physiologically-based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) concerning assessment and management of drug-drug interactions (DDI). Over the last two decades such applications have moved from an academic nicety to industrial necessity, and then regulatory requirement. However, the regulatory uptake has not been uniform and it has not taken the same path. These have been a reflection of the set up in various regulatory agencies and their breadth and depth of work-force, centralized or de-centralized nature of geographical distribution of assessors, existence or lack of internal research groups to examine multi-layer large scale models and many other factors. However, despite these operational differences, recent qualification opinion by EMA on platforms used for PBPK evaluation in the space of DDI is a significant step that heralds a general worldwide consensus for harmonization in use of these new technologies as a follow up to efforts within International Harmonization Committee in the space via publication of their M12 Guidance. Readers will get to know the journey that has taken us to this point and some forthcoming directions on expansion of applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11298,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of blood-brain barrier permeability of drugs using forensically obtained human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in Japan 日本利用法医获得的人脑脊液和血浆分析药物的血脑屏障渗透性

IF 2.2 4区医学

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101507

Tomoyoshi Hariba , Kenta Mizoi , Saori Takahashi , Hiroki Sunakawa , Yoshimichi Sai , Junichi Furumiya , Masahiko Zuka , Takuo Ogihara

{"title":"Analysis of blood-brain barrier permeability of drugs using forensically obtained human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in Japan","authors":"Tomoyoshi Hariba , Kenta Mizoi , Saori Takahashi , Hiroki Sunakawa , Yoshimichi Sai , Junichi Furumiya , Masahiko Zuka , Takuo Ogihara","doi":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distribution coefficient the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration ratios of unbound drugs to serum (K<sub>s,uu,CSF</sub>) were calculated from drugs detected in serum and CSF obtained at forensic autopsies in Japan, and documented values of serum protein binding rates of the drugs. Of the 39 compounds detected in 51 specimens, 21 drugs with a case number of 2 or more were included in the analysis. The calculated liposolubility parameter (cLogP) of each drug was corrected for the square root of the molecular weight to calculate the Log [<em>Pc</em> × MW<sup>−1/2</sup>] value. A tendency for drugs with higher liposolubility to have higher permeability into the cerebral spinal fluid was observed. The K<sub>s,uu,CSF</sub> values were particularly high for diphenhydramine and haloperidol, which are substrates for transporters in the uptake system. When the correlation between K<sub>s,uu,CSF</sub> and Log [<em>Pc</em> × MW<sup>−1/2</sup>] was examined after excluding diphenhydramine and haloperidol, a significant positive correlation (R = 0.465, <em>p</em> < 0.05) was found. It is planned to publish a database of these individual values and update it whenever new drug data becomes available to make these data widely available to other researchers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11298,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145824209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current status of prediction of IL-6 mediated cytochrome P450 activity modulation using in vitro data and PBPK modeling 利用体外数据和PBPK模型预测IL-6介导的细胞色素P450活性调节的现状

IF 2.2 4区医学

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101510

Viktor Georgiev , Isabelle Anderka , Delia Bucher , Lena Preiss , Jitao David Zhang , Kenichi Umehara , Neil Parrott

{"title":"Current status of prediction of IL-6 mediated cytochrome P450 activity modulation using in vitro data and PBPK modeling","authors":"Viktor Georgiev , Isabelle Anderka , Delia Bucher , Lena Preiss , Jitao David Zhang , Kenichi Umehara , Neil Parrott","doi":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dmpk.2025.101510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review focuses on use of in vitro data and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to predict disease-drug and therapeutic-protein-drug interactions for Cytochrome P450 CYP substrates mediated by interleukin-6 (IL-6). We review current understanding of the mechanisms of inflammatory IL-6 release (both with and without drug treatment), and provide an overview of the in vitro models for assessing CYP suppression by IL-6. Furthermore, past applications and current status of PBPK modeling in this context were comprehensively reviewed. We then highlight a recently published, more mechanistic PBPK model that treats IL-6 as a therapeutic protein and links CYP suppression to the IL-6-receptor complex concentration in the liver and gut interstitial spaces. This new model demonstrates good predictive performance across various patient populations and is able to simulate clinical outcomes based on a mechanistic pharmacokinetic model integrating known IL-6 receptor biology. Therefore we anticipate increased impact on regulatory decisions. However, gaps remain in understanding IL-6 kinetics and the translation of in vitro data to in vivo predictions and we suggest that further progress will be made by applying mechanistic modeling to guide future experimental work and generate a better understanding of IL-6's influence on co-administered small molecule drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11298,"journal":{"name":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145916449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0