Drug Development Research最新文献

{"title":"Solanaceae-Derived Spirostane Saponins Inhibit Dengue Virus Replication and Viral Protein Expression and Exhibit Activity Against Multiple Arboviruses","authors":"Erika Vanessa Jimenez-Posada,&nbsp;Oscar Marino Mosquera-Martínez,&nbsp;Sara M. Robledo,&nbsp;Diego Durango,&nbsp;Wiston Quiñones,&nbsp;Samuel Vizcaíno-Páez,&nbsp;Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez","doi":"10.1002/ddr.70379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.70379","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mosquito-borne arboviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), represent a growing global health burden, yet no specific antiviral therapies are currently available for most of these infections. This unmet need highlights the importance of identifying novel antiviral compounds from biologically relevant sources such as plant-derived natural products. In this study, a bioactivity-guided approach was applied to methanolic extracts from eight Solanaceae species to identify compounds with antiviral activity against DENV-2 in Vero cells. Five extracts significantly reduced viral infectivity, with <i>Solanum ovalifolium</i> and <i>Cestrum</i> sp. achieving complete inhibition at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Subsequent fractionation and purification led to the isolation of four spirostane-type steroidal saponins, structurally characterized by UPLC-DAD-MS and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. Functional assays demonstrated that these compounds inhibit DENV replication, as evidenced by marked reductions in viral RNA levels, NS1 and NS3 protein expression, and infectious viral titers. Stage-specific analyses revealed that their antiviral activity is primarily associated with intracellular phases of the viral life cycle, consistent with inhibition of viral replication and/or protein processing. Molecular docking analyses supported these findings by predicting favorable interactions with key viral enzymes, particularly NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and NS3 helicase/protease. Importantly, the isolated compounds retained antiviral activity against ZIKV and CHIKV, indicating cross-arboviral efficacy. Together, these findings identify spirostane saponins as promising antiviral scaffolds and support their further development as broad-spectrum antiviral agents.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11291,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development Research","volume":"87 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Synthesis, In Vitro Biological Evaluation, and In Silico Studies of Novel Imidazo[4,5-b]Pyridine-Acrylonitrile-Based Derivatives as VEGFR-2 Inhibitors Against Breast Cancer and Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Lamia W. Mohamed,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Saadeldin,&nbsp;Ayman B. Farag","doi":"10.1002/ddr.70385","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ddr.70385","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is a vital mediator of angiogenesis. Therefore, VEGFR-2 inhibition is considered a promising therapeutic target to combat cancer. In the present study, a series of 22 imidazo[4,5-<i>b</i>]pyridine-acrylonitrile-based derivatives was designed and synthesized. All compounds were evaluated for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity. Seven of the tested compounds showed high inhibitory activity against VEGFR-2 with IC₅₀ (0.029–0.087 µM) compared to reference drug sorafenib IC₅₀ = 0.091 µM. Four of these derivatives were selected for in vitro cytotoxic activity against breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular (HepG2) carcinoma cell lines, showing IC₅₀ (0.073–0.196 µM) and (0.20–0.21 µM), respectively, relative to sorafenib IC₅₀ 0.16 and 0.19 µM, respectively. Compound <b>2f</b> exhibiting a superior VEGFR-2 inhibition (IC₅₀ = 0.029 µM compared to sorafenib IC₅₀ = 0.091 µM) and cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HepG2 (IC₅₀ = 0.073 µM and IC₅₀ = 0.09 µM, respectively), was subjected to cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay, and molecular modeling studies, which strongly supported the results. It caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase by 13.67% and a promising apoptosis induction. <b>2f</b> exhibited a promising binding score and pose inside the VEGFR-2 active sites. It also showed a good safety profile with a moderate selectivity index. Based on the prediction of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties for <b>2f</b>, it showed excellent prediction results to be orally bioavailable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11291,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development Research","volume":"87 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148976266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Some Novel Hydrazone Derivatives Based on Trimetazidine as Selective and Potent AChE Inhibitors","authors":"Muhammed Oğuzhan Doğan,&nbsp;Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık Özkan,&nbsp;Abdullah Burak Karaduman,&nbsp;Sevgi Karakuş,&nbsp;Yusuf Özkay,&nbsp;Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı,&nbsp;Fatih Tok","doi":"10.1002/ddr.70382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.70382","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, and cholinergic dysfunction is considered one of the fundamental pathological factors of this disease. Guided by the clinically used acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor donepezil, we explored trimetazidine dihydrochloride as an accessible starting scaffold to generate donepezil-like features and to develop new anti-AD candidates. Accordingly, 20 novel hydrazone derivatives were designed and synthesized based on trimetazidine dihydrochloride, and their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. The compounds were evaluated for in vitro inhibition of AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) using donepezil and tacrine as reference inhibitors, respectively. Several derivatives displayed pronounced AChE inhibition, whereas most compounds showed weak or negligible activity toward BChE, indicating a generally favorable AChE-selective profile. Among the series, compounds <b>3p</b>, <b>3q</b> and <b>3r</b> exhibited selective inhibitory activity against AChE comparable to donepezil, with IC₅₀ values of 0.030 ± 0.001 μM, 0.085 ± 0.003 μM and 0.034 ± 0.001 μM, respectively. To rationalize the observed activity trends, molecular docking studies were performed, suggesting that the most active ligands adopt donepezil-like binding modes spanning the catalytic and peripheral anionic sites and are further stabilized by π–π/π–cation contacts and hydrogen-bonding interactions within the active gorge. Overall, these findings identify trimetazidine-derived hydrazide-hydrazones as a promising chemotype for the development of selective AChE inhibitors and provide a basis for further optimization and advanced biological validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11291,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development Research","volume":"87 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ddr.70382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotropic Drugs: A Promising Non-Antibiotic Agent to Combat Multi-Drug-Resistant Microorganisms","authors":"Indu Singh,&nbsp;Haritima Singh,&nbsp;Divakar Sharma,&nbsp;Anushri Keshri,&nbsp;Naveen Gaurav,&nbsp;Megh Singh Dhakad,&nbsp;Mirza Masroor Ali Beg","doi":"10.1002/ddr.70380","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ddr.70380","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multi-drug insensitivity (MDI) to various antibiotics and the rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance markers among the microorganisms, particularly bacteria, has become a global concern. Annually, MDI microorganisms cause 7 × 10⁶ deaths worldwide, which are expected to increase in an exponential manner in the future. The development of novel drugs for MDI microorganisms is very demanding, often taking approximately 17 years to complete. Drug repurposing refers to the discovery of drugs for MDI microorganisms from drugs that are already approved for the treatment of other diseases. Drug repurposing has emerged as an alternative approach to tackling MDI microorganisms because it decreases the duration and cost of the drug. Among various non-antibiotic compounds, psychotropic drugs have been found to be effective against drug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Innumerable reports have been published about the antimicrobial potential of psychotropic drugs against HAIs caused by various pathogens through various mechanisms, and they are helpful in lowering complications associated with these infections. The objective of the current perspective review is to highlight all available data on psychotropic drugs’ antimicrobial activity, discussing the molecular targets of psychotropic drugs and the impact of psychotropic drugs on the gut microbiome.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11291,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development Research","volume":"87 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Natural Flavonoid Pectolinarigenin Targets On-Canonical NF-κB Pathway to Inhibit Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Enhances Paclitaxel Efficacy","authors":"Erling Li,&nbsp;Lipeng Wang,&nbsp;Wenxu Hu,&nbsp;Menglin Zhu,&nbsp;Zixuan Shi,&nbsp;Peirong Xu,&nbsp;Tianli Fan,&nbsp;Guiqin Hou","doi":"10.1002/ddr.70378","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ddr.70378","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pectolinarigenin (PEC) is a natural flavonoid compound derived from Chinese herbal medicines. Previous studies have demonstrated its significant inhibitory effects against various malignancies. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of PEC in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as well as its potential for combination with clinical chemotherapeutics for ESCC treatment is still obscure. Here, we systematically explored the anti-ESCC effects of PEC, elucidated its molecular mechanism, and evaluated its synergistic therapeutic potential with paclitaxel (PTX), a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for ESCC. The results showed that PEC obviously restrained proliferation and migration, and induced apoptosis of ESCC cells. Mechanistically, we found that PEC targets the non-canonical pathway of NF-κB, specifically preventing nuclear translocation of p52 and RELB, thus suppressing the transcriptional activity of this pathway. Moreover, we confirmed that PEC markedly inhibited tumor growth and exhibited a strong synergistic effect on the progression of ESCC when combined with PTX using a xenograft model of nude mice. Our research results have revealed a new molecular mechanism for the anti-ESCC efficiency of PEC. This study highlights PEC potential as a promising candidate for ESCC monotherapy or combination therapy with PTX and points out a new strategy for the clinical treatment of natural flavonoids to ESCC.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11291,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development Research","volume":"87 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides: Mechanisms, Clinical Application, Challenges, and Future Prospects","authors":"Qiang Zhang,&nbsp;Shengjun Li,&nbsp;Zhen Wang,&nbsp;Xu Qiu,&nbsp;Xingmiao Yang,&nbsp;Shuai Li,&nbsp;Zheng Gong,&nbsp;Bin Wang,&nbsp;Bei Zhang,&nbsp;Li Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ddr.70383","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ddr.70383","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chemotherapy-induced adverse effects and drug resistance remain major obstacles limiting the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatment, underscoring an urgent need for novel anticancer agents. Among promising candidate molecules, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit considerable therapeutic potential owing to their unique mechanisms of action, potent anticancer activity, minimal off-target toxicity, and low propensity to induce drug resistance. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the anticancer properties of AMPs, with a focus on their effects on both cancer cells and immune cells across diverse cancer types, clinical applications, as well as current challenges and future prospects. This review highlights the promise of AMPs as highly effective anticancer candidates for combination cancer therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11291,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development Research","volume":"87 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial Quality Regulation Genes as Prognostic Markers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Tumor Microenvironment, Therapeutic Response, and Drug Sensitivity Analysis","authors":"Binbin Li,&nbsp;Lijun Zeng,&nbsp;Zhilong He,&nbsp;Lunqi Luo,&nbsp;Yongmei Luo,&nbsp;Xinyu Yi,&nbsp;Zhimin Li,&nbsp;Hongbo Zhu,&nbsp;Yuehua Li","doi":"10.1002/ddr.70372","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ddr.70372","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aberrant expression of mitochondrial quality regulation genes (MQRGs) is intricately linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), highlighting the urgent need for reliable prognostic biomarkers. In this study, we aimed to identify differentially expressed MQRGs from 20 candidate genes by analyzing transcriptomic profiles and clinical records from the TCGA (<i>n</i> = 371) and GEO (<i>n</i> = 167) datasets. The identified prognostic MQRGs, along with associated subtype differentially expressed genes (DEGs, <i>n</i> = 156), underwent LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analyses to construct a risk model, which was subsequently validated through time-dependent ROC analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, and in vitro RT-qPCR. Our findings established a robust 4-MQRG signature comprising ANXA10, BAMBI, AKR1B15, and SPINK1, which revealed that patients classified as high risk had significantly shorter overall survival compared to their low-risk counterparts (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The predictive accuracy of this signature was noteworthy, yielding 1-, 3-, and 5-year AUCs of 0.725, 0.696, and 0.747 in the training cohort (n = 243) and 0.676, 0.627, and 0.592 in the testing cohort (<i>n</i> = 242), respectively. Furthermore, high-risk scores were associated with distinct immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments and varying sensitivity to systemic therapies. The dysregulated expression of the four genes was corroborated by RT-qPCR and analysis of the HPA database. In conclusion, this validated MQRG-based prognostic signature serves as an accurate tool for survival prediction and risk stratification, thus offering valuable biomarker support for personalized therapeutic approaches in HCC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11291,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development Research","volume":"87 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4-2 VHL-Recruiting PROTAC Inhibits the Growth and Migration of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Triggering Pyroptosis Through Fas-Mediated IL-17 Signaling","authors":"Qiqi Wang,&nbsp;Qiufeng Huang,&nbsp;Huiping Ou,&nbsp;Tingting Huang,&nbsp;Yunjiao He,&nbsp;Peng Li","doi":"10.1002/ddr.70377","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ddr.70377","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>SND1 is an oncoprotein found to be overexpressed in breast cancer, especially in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC). In our previous study, a novel SND1-interacting peptide 4-2 was identified, exhibiting cytotoxicity to TNBC cells by inducing SND1 degradation. This study for the first time demonstrated the degradation of SND1 was proteasome-dependent. A series of peptide 4-2 derivatives were constructed using PROTAC technology. Among these, 4-2 VHL-recruiting PROTAC showed significantly increased SND1 degradation efficiency and higher anticancer activity to TNBC cells. The in vivo efficacy study suggested the D-isoform of 4-2VHL PROTAC suppressed the growth of TNBC cells in xenograft mouse model more effectively than peptide 4-2. Mechanistically, 4-2 VHL-recruiting PROTAC was demonstrated to induce pyroptosis of TNBC cells through Fas-mediated IL-17signaling. This study provides a new lead compound for the development of theSND1-targeted therapy via the proteolysis-targeting system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11291,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development Research","volume":"87 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dauriporphine Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Metastasis, and Stemness of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through the Regulation of the USP7/CASK","authors":"Pengxiao Hou,&nbsp;Qian Wu","doi":"10.1002/ddr.70373","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ddr.70373","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dauriporphine is a monomer extracted from <i>Menispermum dauricum</i> DC, and it exhibits anti-cancer effect in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The regulatory mechanism of dauriporphine remains incompletely understood, and this study focused on its molecular targets in NSCLC progression. Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and stemness were evaluated using cell counting kit-8, ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay, scratch assay, and sphere formation assay, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to identify targets of dauriporphine in NSCLC. The mRNA and protein expression was quantified using qPCR and Western blot. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to analyze protein interaction and ubiquitination regulation between ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK). The role of dauriporphine in vivo was explored using xenograft tumor model. Dauriporphine restrained proliferation, invasion, migration, and stemness of NSCLC cells (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis and WGCNA identified CASK as a core target of dauriporphine in NSCLC. CASK was highly up-regulated in NSCLC samples and cells (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Anti-cancer effects of dauriporphine on NSCLC cells were associated with reduced CASK expression (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). USP7 stabilized CASK protein by inducing deubiquitination (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Silencing USP7 restrained NSCLC cell proliferation, metastasis, and stemness by inhibiting CASK (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Dauriporphine interacted with USP7, and then USP7 overexpression reversed the inhibition of dauriporphine in NSCLC cell malignant behaviors (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Dauriporphine reduced tumor growth in vivo and down-regulated USP7 and CASK expression (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). This study suggested that dauriporphine blocked the key malignant phenotypes of NSCLC cells via inhibiting USP7-mediated deubiquitination of CASK, thereby promoting its proteasomal degradation. The study elucidates a molecular mechanism underlying anti-tumor role of dauriporphine and providing potential targets for dauriporphine treatment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11291,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development Research","volume":"87 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPCR Precision in Addiction Also Requires Ligand, Exposure, and Phenotype Precision","authors":"Hsin-Hung Chen,&nbsp;Lien-Chung Wei","doi":"10.1002/ddr.70376","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ddr.70376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11291,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development Research","volume":"87 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}