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[Reflections on some vitamins and a modern vitaminology]. [对一些维生素和现代维生素学的思考]。
Die Nahrung Pub Date : 1981-01-01
L Telegdy Kováts, E Berndorfer-Kraszner
{"title":"[Reflections on some vitamins and a modern vitaminology].","authors":"L Telegdy Kováts,&nbsp;E Berndorfer-Kraszner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Certain aspects of the present state of vitamin research are treated with special regard to a modern interpretation of the concept of vitamin and to questions concerning the utilization of recent findings by the food industry and other sciences. A classification of vitamins according to their solubility and functional properties is discussed. Recent findings on the relationships between tocopherols and tocotrienols and on bioquinones are dealt with. Furthermore, the significance of some vitamin-like substances (such as choline, S-methylmethionine and pangamic acid) and their biochemical importance for the animal and the human organism are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":11281,"journal":{"name":"Die Nahrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18256233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part II. The fate of ochratoxin A after processing of wheat and barley grain. 谷物中的真菌毒素。第二部分。小麦和大麦谷物加工后赭曲霉毒素A的去向。
Die Nahrung Pub Date : 1981-01-01
J Chelkowski, P Goliński, K Szebiotko
{"title":"Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part II. The fate of ochratoxin A after processing of wheat and barley grain.","authors":"J Chelkowski,&nbsp;P Goliński,&nbsp;K Szebiotko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ochratoxin A was to be evenly distributed in kernels of different lots of wheat and barley grain. Dry cleaning and wet cleaning did not eliminate ochratoxin from grain. After milling the level of ochratoxin in flour was similar to its concentration in bran. In pearl barley concentration of ochratoxin A stated only 10-30% of initial concentration in barley grain. Detoxification is necessary for the whole kernel, because processing did not remove ochratoxin A effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":11281,"journal":{"name":"Die Nahrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18291386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Disintegration and elimination of 32P-naled in milk]. [牛奶中32p - nnal的分解和消除]。
Die Nahrung Pub Date : 1981-01-01
W Dedek, A Scheybal, T Gabrio, E Kirst
{"title":"[Disintegration and elimination of 32P-naled in milk].","authors":"W Dedek,&nbsp;A Scheybal,&nbsp;T Gabrio,&nbsp;E Kirst","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The organophosphorus insecticide naled (O,O-dimethyl-O,O-(1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethyl)-phosphate, labeled by 32P] is degraded in milk in vitro at 5 degrees C with a half-life of 35 h with dichlorvos as a metabolite, that is also formed at short time heating and UV-irradiation. The recovery in milk powder is 25% (naled + dichlorvos) of the initial concentration. Following spray application of 0,05 mg naled/kg body mass to 2 lactating cows, 5-8 ppb of naled and 7-9 ppb of dichlorvos were found in the milk 5 h p.a., not exceeding the given tolerance level of 0,02 mg/kg in the German Democratic Republic.</p>","PeriodicalId":11281,"journal":{"name":"Die Nahrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18302337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Retention of several vitamins during ultra-high temperature sterilization of milk]. [牛奶超高温灭菌过程中几种维生素的保留]。
Die Nahrung Pub Date : 1981-01-01
F Görner, R Uherová
{"title":"[Retention of several vitamins during ultra-high temperature sterilization of milk].","authors":"F Görner,&nbsp;R Uherová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four independent studies were conducted in the course of two years to determine the retentions (or the losses) of vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, nicotinic acid and pantothenic acid during the ultra-high temperature sterilization of pre-pasteurized milk (85 degrees C without hold-up time) by means of the Alfa-Laval-Vtis-C apparatus (140 degrees C, 3-4 s, direct heating with subsequent expansion). The following retentions (or losses) were stated: vitamin A, 97.2% (2.8%); beta-carotene, 93.9% (6.1%); vitamin B1, 82.2% (12.0%); vitamin B2, 97.6% (2.4%); vitamin B6, 92.7% (7.3%) nicotinic acid, 96.0% (4.0%); and pantothenic acid, 96.4% (3.6%).</p>","PeriodicalId":11281,"journal":{"name":"Die Nahrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18302335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Cadmium constant of food and human organs in one large city]. [某大城市食物和人体器官的镉常量]。
Die Nahrung Pub Date : 1981-01-01
W Raffke, J Cumbrowski, J Jacobi
{"title":"[Cadmium constant of food and human organs in one large city].","authors":"W Raffke,&nbsp;J Cumbrowski,&nbsp;J Jacobi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cadmium contents of commercial foods and of meal samples from a factory canteen were examined over a period of 2 years and of 4 months, respectively. Furthermore, the cadmium contents of human organ samples obtained at necropsy were determined. The samples were subjected to wet digestion and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The value found for the cadmium intake by foods did not differ from international data. On the basis of the average cadmium values from the present investigation and of the per capitum consumption of the GDR population, the authors calculated a weekly cadmium intake from the major foods that amounts to approximately 50% of the WHO/FAO value. The cadmium contents of the human organ samples obtained at necropsy were somewhat lower than those from comparable foreign studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11281,"journal":{"name":"Die Nahrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18302338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detection and enumeration of stressed coliforms. 应激大肠菌群的检测与计数。
Die Nahrung Pub Date : 1981-01-01
R K Leela, R Sankaran
{"title":"Detection and enumeration of stressed coliforms.","authors":"R K Leela,&nbsp;R Sankaran","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Different pretreatments were tried to recover Escherichia coli from food system and bacteriological diluents following freezing and thawing. The sublethally injured cells were found to repair their injury and start growing by resuscitating for 1 h in a non-nutrient medium at 37 degrees C. Longer periods did not give any improvement. Five media were studied for their recovery. Amongst the complex media, Eosine methylene blue agar was found to give maximum recovery. The organisms grew well on minimal medium also. Addition of vitamins and amino acids in the minimal medium did not show any increase in recovery. The results indicate that to detect index organisms such as E. coli from frozen systems, resuscitation in a non nutrient environment for at least 1 h necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":11281,"journal":{"name":"Die Nahrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18073360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Physiological importance of microvilli-bound leucine arylamidase in the final digestion of proteins. 2. Comparison of the exopeptidase activities of purified leucine arylamidase, purified microvilli, and microvilli sediment]. 微绒毛结合亮氨酸芳基酰胺酶在蛋白质最终消化中的生理重要性。2. 纯化亮氨酸芳基酰胺酶、纯化微绒毛和微绒毛沉积物的外肽酶活性比较。
Die Nahrung Pub Date : 1981-01-01
M Friedrich, J Uhlig, G Schenk, R Noack
{"title":"[Physiological importance of microvilli-bound leucine arylamidase in the final digestion of proteins. 2. Comparison of the exopeptidase activities of purified leucine arylamidase, purified microvilli, and microvilli sediment].","authors":"M Friedrich,&nbsp;J Uhlig,&nbsp;G Schenk,&nbsp;R Noack","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11281,"journal":{"name":"Die Nahrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18075556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part I. Ochratoxin, citrinin, sterigmatocystin, penicillic acid and toxigenic fungi in cereal grain. 谷物中的真菌毒素。第一部分:谷物中的赭曲霉毒素、黄曲霉毒素、枯草半胱氨酸、青霉酸和产毒真菌。
Die Nahrung Pub Date : 1981-01-01
K Szebiotko, J Chelkowski, G Dopierala, B Godlewska, W Radomyska
{"title":"Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part I. Ochratoxin, citrinin, sterigmatocystin, penicillic acid and toxigenic fungi in cereal grain.","authors":"K Szebiotko,&nbsp;J Chelkowski,&nbsp;G Dopierala,&nbsp;B Godlewska,&nbsp;W Radomyska","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contamination with ochratoxin A mainly and also with citrinin, penicillic acid and sterigmatocystin was observed in moldy cereal grain samples (wheat, rye, and barley), during 1975-1978 years. The levels of cereal grain contamination in various years were very different. However usually during two months after harvest percentage of contaminated samples was 5-7% and ochratoxin A content not higher than 140 microgram/kg. During storage of grain with high moisture content slow increase of contamination level was observed-particularly during January and February - to level 1-3 mg/kg. Cereal grain from commercial channels was contaminated with fungi spores sometimes up to 10(9) spores per gram. Aspergillus and Penicillium were predominating species. Between 69 fungi isolates typical for barley kernels 13 were procedures of ochratoxin, sterigmatocystin, penicillic acid and F-2 toxin. Results for wheat and rye will be published later.</p>","PeriodicalId":11281,"journal":{"name":"Die Nahrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18291384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Dynamics of hexachlorobenzene residues in meat and eggs from chickens]. [鸡肉和鸡蛋中六氯苯残留的动态变化]。
Die Nahrung Pub Date : 1980-01-01
A Szokolay, J Uhnák, A Mad'aric
{"title":"[Dynamics of hexachlorobenzene residues in meat and eggs from chickens].","authors":"A Szokolay,&nbsp;J Uhnák,&nbsp;A Mad'aric","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a feeding experiment with poultry a more than twofold cumulation of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in eggs and in meat and a 7.5-fold cumulation in fat, in comparison with the concentration in the feed, have been demonstrated. With the aid of a combined identification by gas chromatography (before and after a conversion into anisole derivatives) and by thin layer chromatography the presence of pentachlorophenol in the liver, in fat and in muscles after feeding the birds with HCB as well as BHC-isomers has been proved. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol were found by thin layer chromtography (without derivatisation). While 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was found after feeding with HCB only, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene has been demonstrated by gas chromatography after feeding with HCB as well as with BHC-isomers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11281,"journal":{"name":"Die Nahrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17224358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Amino acid composition of non-absorbed peptide fractions in rat small intestines. III. Feeding of wheat gluten and molasses yeast. Essential amino acid content of feces]. [大鼠小肠中未吸收肽部分的氨基酸组成。]3小麦面筋和糖蜜酵母的饲喂。必需氨基酸含量[粪便]。
Die Nahrung Pub Date : 1978-01-01
M Friedrich, R Schadereit, J Uhlig, J Proll, R Noack, H D Bock
{"title":"[Amino acid composition of non-absorbed peptide fractions in rat small intestines. III. Feeding of wheat gluten and molasses yeast. Essential amino acid content of feces].","authors":"M Friedrich,&nbsp;R Schadereit,&nbsp;J Uhlig,&nbsp;J Proll,&nbsp;R Noack,&nbsp;H D Bock","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors investigated the nitrogen content of different fractions and in particular the aminoacid composition of the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable and TCA-soluble peptides in the distal small intestine of rats which had been fed experimental diets (nitrogen-free or containing casein, wheat gluten or molasses yeast as a protein carrier). Parallel with this, they determined in growing rats the nitrogen and amino-acid digestibility of molasses yeast and wheat gluten according to the technique of faecal analysis, and studied the amino-acid composition of the faecal protein. Independently of the dietary protein fed, the peptide fractions of the content of the intestine showed an amino-acid composition that was largely similar to that found in case of nitrogen-free diet. The amino-acid composition of the faecal protein is, independently of the dietary protein given, relatively constant and corresponds approximately to the intestinal loss protein. There is agreement between the amino-acid composition of the TCA-precipitable peptide fractions and those of the corresponding faecal proteins. These components seem to be of endogenous origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":11281,"journal":{"name":"Die Nahrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11567729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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