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Discussions of The Faraday Society最新文献

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Theory of the differential capacity of the oxide/aqueous electrolyte interface 氧化物/水电解质界面的差分容量理论
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1971-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9715200290
S. Levine, A. L. Smith
{"title":"Theory of the differential capacity of the oxide/aqueous electrolyte interface","authors":"S. Levine, A. L. Smith","doi":"10.1039/DF9715200290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9715200290","url":null,"abstract":"The conditions under which an oxide surface in aqueous solution will obey the Nernst equation with respect to H+/OH– as potential-determining ions are investigated and a modified form of the Nernst equation is derived. This is combined with a model of the inner part of the double layer involving adsorption of both anions and cations of a supporting uni-univalent electrolyte and a discreteness-of-charge correction in their adsorption isotherms. Theoretical total differential capacities at the interface are compared with experimental data for TiO2 and SiO2.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"112 1","pages":"290-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76541707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 282
Electrical characteristics of chlorophyll a films 叶绿素a薄膜的电特性
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1971-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9715100202
P. J. Reucroft, W. H. Simpson
{"title":"Electrical characteristics of chlorophyll a films","authors":"P. J. Reucroft, W. H. Simpson","doi":"10.1039/DF9715100202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9715100202","url":null,"abstract":"Dark conductivity and photovoltaic effects have been investigated in thin film samples of chlorophyll a. Samples were fabricated by depositing monomolecular layers of chlorophyll a on to conducting glass and metal substrates. The dependence of the dark current on temperature and voltage in 10 monolayer samples at low voltages (< 500 mV) is consistent with a conductivity tunnelling process. At higher voltages the conductivity characteristics are consistent with conductivity tunnelling, Schottky emission and the Frenkel-Poole effect. An enhanced photovoltaic effect is found in chlorophyll a films (100 monolayers) composited with electron acceptor and donor materials. The results are discussed in terms of energy migration in photosynthetic units.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"202-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79498809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Theory of electron-phonon interactions in organic crystals. Effect on charge carrier transport 有机晶体中电子-声子相互作用理论。对载流子输运的影响
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1971-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9715100017
R. Munn, W. Siebrand
{"title":"Theory of electron-phonon interactions in organic crystals. Effect on charge carrier transport","authors":"R. Munn, W. Siebrand","doi":"10.1039/DF9715100017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9715100017","url":null,"abstract":"Phonon modes in aromatic hydrocarbon crystals are classified to guide discussion of the electron-phonon interaction. The principal qualitative electron-phonon effects on charge carrier transport arise from the exchange integral variations due to lattice modes and from the binding energy due to frequency changes in out-of-plane molecular modes; other lattice and molecular modes have quantitative effects. The use of linear-response theory to calculate the conductivity for the two principal interactions is described. Each calculation embodies results applicable in the region intermediate between hopping and band transport, but as yet neither is completely analyzed in this region. Nevertheless, the fundamental processes governing charge carrier transport in these crystals now appear to be understood.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"105 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75396459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Constitution and properties of silica-alumina-catalysts 二氧化硅-氧化铝催化剂的组成与性能
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1971-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9715200109
J. Boer
{"title":"Constitution and properties of silica-alumina-catalysts","authors":"J. Boer","doi":"10.1039/DF9715200109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9715200109","url":null,"abstract":"Since Eugene Houdry discovered some clays to be excellent catalysts for the “cracking” of heavy oils, the surface properties of silica-alumina combinations have been studied in various places and from various angles. The surface properties of silica-alumina-combinations differ in many ways from those of silica or of alumina, as such. Three different procedures for preparing the silica-aluminas may be mentioned, viz., (a) adsorption (chemisorption) of aluminium hydroxide on a wet silica surface, (b) precipitation of aluminium hydroxide on a wet silica gel, (c) co-gelling of a silica acid-and an aluminium salt solution. The influence of the alumina adsorption on the specific surface area, as measured with the B.E.T.-method and with the lauric acid method will be discussed. An attempt is made to give a picture of the binding of aluminium hydroxide on the silica, which leads to three possibilities, depending on the relative amount of both constituents. One of these possibilities leads to preparations with an acid character.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"15 1","pages":"109-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72784318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Surface electronic structure of oxides as established by thermally stimulated electron current measurements 用热激电子电流测量法测定氧化物的表面电子结构
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1971-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9715200132
T. J. Gray, N. Lowery
{"title":"Surface electronic structure of oxides as established by thermally stimulated electron current measurements","authors":"T. J. Gray, N. Lowery","doi":"10.1039/DF9715200132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9715200132","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption and catalysis at the surface of metal oxides is directly related to the electronic constitution in the vicinity of the surface not merely in terms of the predominant electronic character but more importantly the complex assembly of trapping electronic states. Experimental techniques have been developed using both thermally stimulated electron current measurements and thermal glow curves to establish in detail the complex distribution of electronic states. They can lead to quantitative information on both the position and occupancy of trapping states. Preliminary correlation has also been established between trapping states and simple adsorption phenomena. Detailed characteristics have been established for various samples of very high purity zinc oxide and TiO2 including a study of the effect of controlled impurities at a level of a few p.p.m. and variations due to particle size. Direct correlation is made with the adsorption of gases, simple catalytic reactions, the interaction with binders used in electron photography and general characteristics of electron photographic coatings.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"15 1","pages":"132-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74910876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Discreteness of charge and solvation effects in cation adsorption at the oxide/water interface 阳离子在氧化物/水界面吸附过程中电荷的离散性和溶剂化效应
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1971-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9715200302
G. Wiese, R. James, T. Healy
{"title":"Discreteness of charge and solvation effects in cation adsorption at the oxide/water interface","authors":"G. Wiese, R. James, T. Healy","doi":"10.1039/DF9715200302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9715200302","url":null,"abstract":"Streaming potential data for the vitreous silica/aqueous electrolyte interface have been obtained to yield the ζ potential variation with pH as a function of the concentration of KNO3, Ba(NO3)2 and La(NO3)3 solutions. The results have been interpreted in terms of the Gouy-Chapman-Stern theory, modified to include discreteness of charge effects, to account for the observed maxima in |ζ| with pH for adsorbed Ba2+ and La3+. For satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment it was necessary to add a term to account for the change in the free energy of solvation as the multicharged cations adsorb at the silica/water interface.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"45 1","pages":"302-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82211529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 101
Photoconductivity and semiconductivity in organic crystals 有机晶体的光导性和半导体性
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1971-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9715100007
M. Pope, H. Kallmann
{"title":"Photoconductivity and semiconductivity in organic crystals","authors":"M. Pope, H. Kallmann","doi":"10.1039/DF9715100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9715100007","url":null,"abstract":"A review is given of some advances since 1967 in this field as it applies to homomolecular crystals of the anthracene type. The topics discussed include carrier generation and recombination, carrier motion and trapping, and the relationship between these processes and the observed current-voltage dependence in the crystal.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"14 1","pages":"7-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80802683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Surface chemistry of AlPO4—a mixed oxide of Al and P 铝磷混合氧化物alpo4的表面化学性质
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1971-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9715200055
J. Peri
{"title":"Surface chemistry of AlPO4—a mixed oxide of Al and P","authors":"J. Peri","doi":"10.1039/DF9715200055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9715200055","url":null,"abstract":"The surface chemistry of pure AlPO4 was studied by infra-red spectroscopy in an attempt to explain why this material shows low catalytic activity despite its high acidity. Two major bands (3680 and 3800 cm–1) in spectra of dry AlPO4 were shown to represent chemically distinct types of surface OH groups. The band at 3800 cm–1 is assigned to Al—OH and that at 3680 cm–1 to P—OH. Study of adsorbed NH3 and pyridine showed both Lewis and Bronsted acid sites on the surface. Chemisorption of NH3 also produced NH2 and OH groups, showing the presence of “strained” oxide links. Adsorption of CO2 and HCI revealed very few “α-sites” or reactive surface oxide ions. The evidence suggests that the surface largely resembles a prism face (10text-decoration:overline10) of tridymite-form AlPO4, holding vicinal pairs of OH groups, with one group attached to Al and the other to P. Condensation produces acidic Al—O—P links in which O is held primarily by the P atom. The inactivity of AlPO4 probably reflects the inadequacy of PO groups as base sites rather than a lack of suitable acid sites.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"2 1","pages":"55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81892057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 125
Catalytic activity of organic semiconductors and enzymes. 有机半导体和酶的催化活性。
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1971-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/df9715100183
H Inokuchi
{"title":"Catalytic activity of organic semiconductors and enzymes.","authors":"H Inokuchi","doi":"10.1039/df9715100183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/df9715100183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"51 ","pages":"183-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1039/df9715100183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16224383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Contact potential difference and work function of organic crystals 有机晶体的接触电位差与功函数
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1971-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9715100094
M. Kotani, H. Akamatu
{"title":"Contact potential difference and work function of organic crystals","authors":"M. Kotani, H. Akamatu","doi":"10.1039/DF9715100094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9715100094","url":null,"abstract":"The vibrating condenser method was applied for measurement of the contact potential difference with organic crystals. It gave work functions of reasonable values for aromatic hydrocarbon crystals. From the work function, combined with other observable parameters, an energy diagram for the crystals can be constructed, which indicates that the location of the Fermi level is slightly different from that of the intrinsic level. Supplementary experiments on the photoelectromotive force due to the Dember effect and the photovoltaic effect in violanthrene crystal, gave results consistent with the above conclusion, indicating the hole conduction.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"64 1","pages":"94-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77224842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
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