Mining for ChangePub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0018
Caesar Cheelo, R. Liebenthal
{"title":"The Construction Sector in Zambia","authors":"Caesar Cheelo, R. Liebenthal","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0018","url":null,"abstract":"The construction sector plays a critical role in delivering quality infrastructure, which in turn influences the use of natural resource revenues towards achieving structural change and development. We use industrial organization and political economy lenses to describe and understand the organization of and changes in the construction industry in Zambia, focusing on demand-side factors; supply-side issues; market interactions through prices and costs; and public institutions, regulations, policies, and structures. We establish the main firm-level, industry-wide, and macroeconomic bottlenecks affecting Zambia’s construction sector, and offer options for dealing with the key bottlenecks. We suggest institutional reforms and legal and regulatory changes governing procurement and contracting rules and systems; training and other capacity-building programmes; greater access for local contractors to existing financing sources, including the Skill Development Levy; a review and update of the local content and subcontracting strategy and policy; and state-supported and financed research and development programmes.","PeriodicalId":112186,"journal":{"name":"Mining for Change","volume":"6 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114018704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mining for ChangePub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0014
Sebastian Wolf, Vishal Aditya Potluri
{"title":"Uganda’s Oil","authors":"Sebastian Wolf, Vishal Aditya Potluri","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies Uganda’s journey to become a petroleum producer and provide estimates regarding the size and timing of the oil revenues. At an average US$38 per capita per year over a thirty-three-year period, oil revenue by itself will not be transformational for the Ugandan economy but it could provide a welcome boost. The question is whether the Ugandan government will manage to avoid squandering it, and will transform the country’s natural resource assets into productive assets. To this end, the government has made significant changes and additions to the policy and institutional framework that will govern the use of revenues, adapted from the Norwegian model. We study the framework put in place and identify a number of potential shortcomings. Weaknesses in public investment management further raise doubts about the transformational impact of the planned investments.","PeriodicalId":112186,"journal":{"name":"Mining for Change","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125857352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mining for ChangePub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0008
A. Roe
{"title":"Mozambique—Bust before Boom","authors":"A. Roe","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is a sequel to an earlier study that looked in broad terms at many of the issues that Mozambique faces in managing its new extractive resources. The chapter first describes the investment surge prompted by new gas discoveries, then summarizes some recent literature that examines the effects of such resource surges in other countries. It next examines aspects of the disappointing economic outcomes seen through 2018, and analyses some of the implications of these outcomes for future policy. The chapter concludes by exploring the epidemiology of a large public investment surge. In following this sequence of argument, the chapter also throws light on a number of critical general policy questions—such as the route to economic diversification and the need for both institutional change and improved policy co-ordination—that arise in the context of a major new resource discovery.","PeriodicalId":112186,"journal":{"name":"Mining for Change","volume":"43 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114113002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mining for ChangePub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0020
J. Page, F. Tarp
{"title":"Implications for Public Policy","authors":"J. Page, F. Tarp","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Natural resources can make diversification and structural change more challenging. This chapter focuses on why public policy matters. International competitiveness depends on both relative prices and on the policy and institutional changes and investments that governments make to enhance it. Drawing on the five country case studies in this volume, the authors suggest lessons for the design of policies to promote structural change in Africa’s resource exporters. They address the three key themes—managing the boom, the construction sector, and linking industry to the resource—then propose ideas for widening options for structural change. These include reforms to deal with ‘Dutch disease’, expanding the concept of structural change from a focus on industrialization to ‘industries without smokestacks’, and investing in knowledge.","PeriodicalId":112186,"journal":{"name":"Mining for Change","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114945322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mining for ChangePub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0001
J. Page, F. Tarp
{"title":"Overview","authors":"J. Page, F. Tarp","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"For a growing number of African economies the discovery of natural resources is a tremendous opportunity, but one accompanied by considerable risks. Many African countries dependent on oil, gas, and mining have weaker long-run growth, higher rates of poverty and greater income inequality than their less resource-dependent neighbours. One major risk comes from the structure of resource-rich economies themselves. Relative prices make it more difficult to diversify into internationally competitive activities outside the resource sector, thus narrowing the scope for structural change. This chapter focuses on how countries can use natural resources to diversify. Drawing on country-level evidence it explores three key themes: the institutions needed to manage a resource boom, the construction sector, and linking industry to the resource.","PeriodicalId":112186,"journal":{"name":"Mining for Change","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127335209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mining for ChangePub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0006
N. Owoo, M. Lambon-Quayefio
{"title":"The Construction Sector in Ghana","authors":"N. Owoo, M. Lambon-Quayefio","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The research explores the structure and performance of Ghana’s construction subsector, in light of the country’s 2007 oil discovery. Using primary and secondary data resources, we discuss how marginal costs and expenditure shocks may vary within the construction sector for subsectors such as housing, roads, and other important social infrastructure such as drainage. We analyse expenditure shocks that may result from inflation and price dynamics, finding that construction sector costs are closely related to exchange rate movements. We identify key bottlenecks to the supply response of the sector and recommend institutional and policy reforms to improve performance and output.","PeriodicalId":112186,"journal":{"name":"Mining for Change","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134632046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mining for ChangePub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0017
R. Liebenthal, Caesar Cheelo
{"title":"The Boom–Bust Cycle of Global Copper Prices, Structural Change, and Industrial Development in Zambia","authors":"R. Liebenthal, Caesar Cheelo","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is about understanding the cycle of global copper price booms and busts over Zambia’s economic history. We explore how the mining industry has been managed, and wider economic management during boom periods. We find that successive Zambian governments did not use copper revenues to accumulate productive assets, focusing instead on financing consumption subsidies and sustaining inefficient state-owned companies. In recent times, Zambia has accumulated worryingly high levels of sovereign debt with virtually no prospect of official debt relief. Nonetheless, a reasonable chance exists of avoiding debt distress, provided the authorities consistently pursue strong fiscal management and discipline. Ultimately, Zambia’s ability to ring-fence and prudently use the mineral revenues from copper mining in building productive capacities remains elusive. Instead recurrent consumption expenditure demands dominate the fiscal landscape and the agenda of the fiscal authorities.","PeriodicalId":112186,"journal":{"name":"Mining for Change","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122393374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mining for ChangePub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0009
A. Cruz, F. Fernandes, Fausto J. Mafambissa, Francisco Pereira
{"title":"The Construction Sector in Mozambique","authors":"A. Cruz, F. Fernandes, Fausto J. Mafambissa, Francisco Pereira","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Mozambique’s construction sector has long played an important role in the economy. However, this sector has proven to be vulnerable to economic fluctuations, such as those which emerged after 2014 with the macroeconomic and debt crisis, and faces challenges which need to be addressed through long-term sector policies. International experience shows that investment in infrastructure and human capital can play a key role in economic development by enabling expansion in activities, deeper intersectoral integration, and structural transformation in the long run. However, when countries face high construction costs, this can negatively affect the quality of public infrastructures. Moreover, bottlenecks affecting construction companies prevent them from expanding, which leads to an increase in costs and prices when there is a surge in demand. This chapter aims both to identify the main bottlenecks affecting the sector and to present some policy measures.","PeriodicalId":112186,"journal":{"name":"Mining for Change","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124867406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mining for ChangePub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0016
Ritwika Sen
{"title":"Enhancing Local Content in Uganda","authors":"Ritwika Sen","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyses policy options to promote local content in Uganda as it transitions to an oil-producing country. It contends that productive linkages between oil and gas exporters and domestic suppliers in a range of ‘connected’ goods and services sectors can be a source of broad-based economic growth. However, the success of policy initiatives or extensive regulatory requirements will ultimately hinge on domestic firm capabilities to overcome barriers to entry into the global industry. The analysis comprises an evaluation of existing local content policies in Uganda, a mapping of the natural resource value chain, and an assessment of domestic firm capabilities to supply the anticipated demand for goods and services from the oil and gas industry.","PeriodicalId":112186,"journal":{"name":"Mining for Change","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130977413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mining for ChangePub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0002
M. Henstridge
{"title":"Understanding the Boom","authors":"M. Henstridge","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198851172.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter sets out a framework for thinking about the challenges presented by a natural resource boom. A significant natural resource discovery creates excited expectations of near-future wealth. But the size of a boom is usually overestimated and the delay in receiving revenues is underestimated—each country that finds the opportunity of natural resources disappointing does so in its own way. The author takes stock of the sequencing, timing, and scale of the development of a natural resource endowment in a developing country; reviews the ‘resource curse’ literature; looks at benchmarks of scale and timing so as to put potential booms into the context of the challenges of economic development, growth, and structural change in Africa, including the role played by institutions. In concluding, the author details key challenges for a developing country managing a natural resource boom, and pulls together observations on policy.","PeriodicalId":112186,"journal":{"name":"Mining for Change","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114497190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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