Diyala Journal of Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Biology View on Down syndrome: Review article","authors":"Rana H Naser,, Ammar Algburi, Alyaa M. Abdelhameed","doi":"10.26505/djm.v24i2.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26505/djm.v24i2.1001","url":null,"abstract":"Background:   Down Syndrome (DS) is a resulting from a defect of the genotype in patients affected by it. The occurrence of this type of disease is very common. It has been associated with causing many genetic diseases with a significant change  in phenotypic pattern. People with this type of disease suffer from intellectual disability that ranges from mild to moderate, delay in growth and the emergence of some distinctive signs in the face. It  leads to Alzheimer’s in some cases. The treatment cost  is very high and exorbitant,   many laboratories have   sophisticated diagnoses methods, but they are expensive and require high skill. Therefore, this disease still needs to develop many genetic methods to facilitate its diagnosis infection rates reduction among humans.The present review article  empasied an overview of DS-associated phenotypes diagnosis and managment of the disease.   Furthermore,we  have also Reviewed further parental diagnosis methods to facilate  moleculr  methods  CSV,  MLPA, FISH, QF-PCR, PSQ, and NGS and  noninvasive dignosis in details","PeriodicalId":11202,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Journal of Medicine","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89217843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of alopecia areata in Baqubah city/Diyala-Iraq","authors":"Rihab Shihab Ahmed,, Shahab Ahmed Shakir,, Ahmed Saleh Mahdi, Nadhim Ghazal Noaman","doi":"10.26505/djm.v24i2.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26505/djm.v24i2.1002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alopecia areata is a disease scalp and body hair leading to patches of non-scoring alopecia which is heterogeyous ,it is unown as autommutte disease, there is no prevention & hard cure. \u0000Objective: To determine the prevalence  rate according to sex &age and the causative factors of alopecia areata in Baquba city. \u0000Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was in Baquba Teaching Hospital dermatological clinic from 1st of October 2020 to 31st of March 2022 at Baquabah teaching Hospital /outpatient Dermatology clinic. The study sample (100) patients with different clinical variants of Alopecia Areata, (71) males and (29) females of different age groups. \u0000Results: This study shows that high prevalence among males (71%) with age group (21-30) years old with single patchy alopecia areata with past history of recurrence and associated psychological history.  (100) cases of AA were diagnosed. (25%). Single lesion of AA was the most common manifestation (68%). Recurrence history of AA Positive in (55%). Personal history of stress was associated with AA in (64 %). The most common site of alopecia areata was in head (55%). \u0000Conclusion: It was concluded that, alopecia areata was more common in male, age (21-30) years, most common single lesion, more in head, with psychological stress history.","PeriodicalId":11202,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Journal of Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81687060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bronchiolitis and its Different Ways of Management in Raparin Teaching Hospital, Erbil-Iraq","authors":"Sasan Loqa Hanna","doi":"10.26505/djm.24027021020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26505/djm.24027021020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the prevalence, global impact, financial burden, and mortality and morbidity related to bronchiolitis, clinical management still seems to be difficult. Objective: To describe the diversity medical treatment options used to manage bronchiolitis and conclude the safest and most effective way to treat it in order to help the development of an evidence based treatment protocol at Raparin teaching hospital. Patients and Methods: This current study design was randomized controlled trial, in which total of 125 children presented with bronchiolitis enrolled in our study, we divided them into five groups (A, B, C, D and E), each of 25 cases. All the groups received supportive treatment in the form of oxygen and intravenous (IV) fluid in addition to specific treatment except group A subjects who received supportive treatment only. The treatments were The study was conducted at the inpatient wards of Raparin teaching hospital in Erbil city-Iraq, from the period of 1st January to 1st August 2022. The infants and children’s age was ranging from 1 to 60 months with clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Results: There was non-significant statistical association between treatment groups and presence of wheeze after treatment (p:0.538), while statistically significant association between various treatment modalities (groups) and cough after treatment (p:0.006) in the same way the association was significant with accessory muscle use after treatment (p:0.037). Conclusion: Generally patients in groups B (inhaled bronchodilator) and D (inhaled bronchodilator and intravenous steroids) had better response rates in terms of cough, accessory muscle use, respiratory rate (tachypnea), time to resolution of fever and coryza, duration of IV fluid therapy, oxygen therapy and hospital stay. Which conclude using of inhaled bronchodilator and IV steroid Keywords: Bronchiolitis, Wheeze, Treatment, Randomized clinical trial, Iraq","PeriodicalId":11202,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Journal of Medicine","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136255264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Biology View on Down syndrome: Review article","authors":"Rana H Naser, Ammar Algburi, Alyaa Abdelhameed","doi":"10.26505/djm.24027180102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26505/djm.24027180102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Down Syndrome (DS) is a resulting from a defect of the genotype in patients affected by it. The occurrence of this type of disease is very common. It has been associated with causing many genetic diseases with a significant change in phenotypic pattern. People with this type of disease suffer from intellectual disability that ranges from mild to moderate, delay in growth and the emergence of some distinctive signs in the face. It leads to Alzheimer’s in some cases. The treatment cost is very high and exorbitant, many laboratories have sophisticated diagnoses methods, but they are expensive and require high skill. Therefore, this disease still needs to develop many genetic methods to facilitate its diagnosis infection rates reduction among humans.The present review article empasied an overview of DS-associated phenotypes diagnosis and managment of the disease. Furthermore,we have also Reviewed further parental diagnosis methods to facilate moleculr methods CSV,MLPA, FISH, QF-PCR, PSQ, and NGS and noninvasive dignosis in details.","PeriodicalId":11202,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Journal of Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136255270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Obesity among Students in Private and Public high Schools in Sulaimani City","authors":"Khuncha Kawa Hama Salih, Solaf Jawhar Ali, Ahmed Mohammed Amin Ahmed","doi":"10.26505/djm.24026991016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26505/djm.24026991016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is an increasing concern about obesity among children and adolescents worldwide as they constitute 20% of the world population. Several predisposing factors are contributing to the obesity that can be monitored, particularly healthy diet and physical activities. Addressing those factors among children and adolescents lead to decreasing health related conditions. Objective: To investigate the prevalence rate of obesity, sociodemographic, dietary habits, lifestyle and knowledge factors among adolescents attending private and public schools in Sulaimani city, Iraq. Patients and Methods: Through a school-based cross-sectional study from October 2021 to April 2022, a total of 576 students in high schools located in Sulaimani city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq were studied. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on students’ sociodemographic characteristics, physical activities, dietary habits and knowledge. Body mass index was measured based on WHO Growth Reference for 5 to 19 years of age. Results: The obesity prevalence rate in private schools (36.11%) was higher than public schools (31.6%) (P=0.5890) however, the difference was not statistically significant. The majority of students in private schools exercised more frequently and for a longer duration; however, they ate more red meat, less dairy produce and had a higher fast food intake. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity is slightly higher among students in private schools than the students in public schools. Keywords: Obesity, private, public, high schools, Sulaimani city","PeriodicalId":11202,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Journal of Medicine","volume":"198200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136255285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bronchiolitis and its Different Ways of Management in Raparin Teaching Hospital, Erbil-Iraq","authors":"Sasan Loqa Hanna,","doi":"10.26505/djm.v24i2.995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26505/djm.v24i2.995","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the prevalence, global impact, financial burden, and mortality and morbidity related to bronchiolitis, clinical management still seems to be difficult. \u0000Objective: To describe the diversity medical treatment options used to manage bronchiolitis and conclude the safest and most effective way to treat it in order to help the development of an evidence based treatment protocol at Raparin teaching hospital. \u0000Patients and Methods: This current study design was randomized controlled trial, in which  total of 125 children presented with bronchiolitis enrolled in our study, we divided them into five groups (A, B, C, D and E), each of 25 cases. All the groups received supportive treatment in the form of oxygen and intravenous (IV) fluid in addition to specific treatment except group A subjects who received supportive treatment only. The treatments were The study was conducted at the inpatient wards of Raparin teaching hospital in Erbil city-Iraq, from the period of 1st January to 1st August 2022. The infants and children’s age was ranging from 1 to 60 months with clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis. \u0000Results: There was non-significant statistical association between treatment groups and presence of wheeze after treatment (p:0.538), while statistically significant association between various treatment modalities (groups) and cough after treatment (p:0.006) in the same way the association was significant with accessory muscle use after treatment (p:0.037).  \u0000Conclusion: Generally patients in groups B (inhaled bronchodilator) and D (inhaled bronchodilator and intravenous steroids) had better response rates in terms of cough, accessory muscle use, respiratory rate (tachypnea), time to resolution of fever and coryza, duration of IV fluid therapy, oxygen therapy and hospital stay. Which conclude using of inhaled bronchodilator and IV steroid","PeriodicalId":11202,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Journal of Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84718531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and glomerular filtration rate in chronic renal failure patients","authors":"Fatimah Kadhim Ibrahim AL-Mahdawi ,, Mazin Razooqi Mohammed, Mustafa Gheni Taher, Wasan A.Wahab Alsiadi,, Ammar Kadi ,, Irina Potoroko ,, Marouane Chemek","doi":"10.26505/djm.v24i2.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26505/djm.v24i2.1004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the more significant hormonal systems, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, controls the kidney function, adrenal gland through its effect on the balance of sodium and potassium, blood pressure, fluid volume, and also manages the functions of cardiovascular. \u0000Objective: To clarify the interrelationship between renal dysfunction and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. \u0000Patients and Methods: One hundred samples were collected from December 1, 2022, to February 18, 2023, from Al Shams Medical Laboratories (56 male, and 44) female, age range (of 45-60 years), all of them were volunteers suffering from chronic renal failure in the third stage the average glomerular filtration rate was 35. 70 ± 0.37 125 mL/min/1.73m2. and under conservative treatment. Kidney function test, active renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were assessed in the serum of all subjects. The p - value of differences less than 0.05 is measured significant, and uses the statistical package for the social sciences (23) software to calculate the correlation coefficient between various parameters. \u0000Results: The result shows relationship between the changes in GFR with creatinine, urea and active renin, the mean GFR showed significant negative correlated with mean creatinine (R = -0.76, p < 0.01. As well as the mean GFR with mean urea (R = -0.64, p < 0.01). The mean GFR also showed significant negative correlated with mean active renin in (R = -0.41, p < 0.01). Also, the mean serum active renin level was significantly positive correlated with mean aldosterone (R =0.33, p < 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Renin enzyme is inversely related to renal dysfunction, so when the glomerular filtration rate decrease, the higher the renin increased, and as a result, the increase in blood pressure in chronic renal failure patients.","PeriodicalId":11202,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Journal of Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81156878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence Of Thyroid Hormones Test Abnormality In Females At Reproductive Age Attending Al-batool Maternity Teaching Hospital","authors":"M. Abdulkareem Salman","doi":"10.26505/djm.v24i2.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26505/djm.v24i2.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although there is little information about the prevalence of thyroid disorders in young women, but they are common in Iraq. \u0000Objective: To prevalence of thyroid hormones test abnormality in females at reproductive age attending al-batool maternity teaching hospital \u0000Patients and Methods: This study involved 1570 of reproductive female ages patients at the Al-batool Maternity Hospital in Diyala Province, Iraq. Serum levels of T3, T4, and TSH were measured in this study. According to the conventional definitions of T3, T4, and TSH levels of overt hyper- and hypothyroidism patients were grouped according to their thyroid status at the time of testing. \u0000Results: A total of 1570 subjects were screened of whom 152 subjects (18.6%) had abnormal TSH. The overall prevalence of hyperthyroidism with elevated TSH was 17.4%, of which 1.2% had hypothyroidism with elevated TSH. A low TSH was seen in 1.3% of the study population (P= 0.001). Generally, thyroxin hormone (T4) abnormalities were totaled at 12.02%, of which 10.22% were hypothyroidism and 1.8% was hyperthyroidism. Furthermore, the triiodothyroxin hormone T4 abnormality percentage was 14.84%, compared to hypothyroidism of 3.12% and hyperthyroidism of 11.72%. \u0000Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction was common in young women. Therefore, females more susceptible to thyroid disorders.","PeriodicalId":11202,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Journal of Medicine","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80320750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Colonization with S.aureus and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Among Health Care Workers in Al-Batool teaching hospital for maternity and children in Diyala, Iraq","authors":"Mohamed Mahjoob Aljboori,, Rideh Abbas Abdul Jabbar ,, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy","doi":"10.26505/djm.v24i2.993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26505/djm.v24i2.993","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Staphylococcus aureus coloniza-tion for the human nose representing a challenge that requires a cope with host defense and competing resident microor-ganisms.\u0000Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for in-fection with S. au-reus and MRSA among health care workers (HCWs) in Al-Batool teaching hospital for maternity and children in Diyala, Iraq.\u0000Patients and Methods: A total of 27 swabs were taken from HCWs in Al-Batool teaching hospital for ma-ternity and chil-dren in Diyala, Iraq (ATHMC) Standard microbi-ological proce-dures were used for diagnosis of S. aureus and Methicillin Re-sistant Staphylo-coccus aureus (MRSA).\u0000Results: Significant corre-lation was report-ed between age   and colonization with S. aureus & MRSA. Inverse correlation was reported between education level and colonization with S. aureus and MRSA.  Signifi-cant correlation was reported be-tween acne and colonization with S. aureus. Signifi-cant correlation was reported be-tween sinusitis, years of experi-ence, contact with farm animals and colonization with S. aureus and MRSA. Significant correlation was reported between ward of duty and colonization with MRSA.\u0000Conclusion: Colonization with S. aureus and MRSA inversely correlated with younger age group, education level of HCWs. Colonization with S. aureus and MRSA correlated with sinusitis, years  of experience (5 -6); contact with farm animals. Colonization with S. aureus correlated with acne. Colonization with MRSA correlated with ward of duty at children care floor.","PeriodicalId":11202,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Journal of Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86617977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodermatitis in Baquba City, Diyala Governorate/Iraq Clinical and histopathological study","authors":"Gibran Khalil Ibrahim,, Sarmad ,Yahya abbood, Saad D Hameed","doi":"10.26505/djm.v24i2.996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26505/djm.v24i2.996","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many patients that have itchy thickened skin lesions are lichenified, it's located on the extremities namely on the knees, feet, dorsum of the hands, and /or elbows was being seen bilaterally and may be symmetrically. \u0000Objective: To evaluate clinical and histopathological features of neurodermatitis with some similarities to psoriasis in Iraqi patients. \u0000Patients and Methods: Twenty- Five patients with neurodermatitis attending Department of Dermatology, Baquba Teaching Hospital were enrolled in this study in time between 1st January 2020 to 31th January 2021. All patients were being examined and full history was taken, including age of the patients, onset and duration of the disease, severity and type of itching. A full examination was done to identify the character, colour, shape, site, and involvement of other body site of lesion. Incisional biopsy specimens from both lesion and adjacent normal skin were obtained from 9 patients and submitted to histological assessment. \u0000Results: Ten of the patients (40%) were male and fifteen (60%) were females, their age ranged from 29-70 years, with a mean of 49.5 years. The average duration ranged from one month- 15 years with median 7.5 years. Clinically; patients have severe itchy plaques that distributed bilaterally like those of psoriasis, involvement of the knees (56%), dorsum of the both hands, feet, and elbows, also having ( lichenification ,that is characterized by thickening of the skin and exaggeration of the skin lines  ) which characteristic of the individual lesion of lichen simplex chronicus,  these plaques were symmetrical, well defined, sharper, more keratotic, violaceous pigmentation, marked accentuation and thickening of skin. Psoriatic scales are not present typically on the plaques of these patients. These plaques mainly located on extremities. Nine specimens' taken for histopathologiacl   findings showed hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, dermal papilomatosis, suprapapillary epidermal thinning. All patients mentioned a severe itching which was paroxysmal in typing, more severe in the evening. \u0000Conclusion: ( Lichenified psoriasis) Psoriatic neurodermatitis might be lichen simplex chronicus as a result to repetitive itching and scratching of plaque psoriasis. This was typical neurodermatitis and not psoriasis.","PeriodicalId":11202,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Journal of Medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86339409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}