Climate in Biosphere最新文献_第2页

Impact of previous and current year’s climatic conditions on the quality and yield of three wine grape varieties and vintage evaluation in Tokachi, Hokkaido, Japan 日本北海道德胜地区上年度和当年度气候条件对三种酿酒葡萄品种品质和产量的影响及年份评价

Climate in Biosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2480/cib.j-21-068

Z. Nishio, Hakaru Azuma, S. Shimoda, T. Hirota

{"title":"Impact of previous and current year’s climatic conditions on the quality and yield of three wine grape varieties and vintage evaluation in Tokachi, Hokkaido, Japan","authors":"Z. Nishio, Hakaru Azuma, S. Shimoda, T. Hirota","doi":"10.2480/cib.j-21-068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2480/cib.j-21-068","url":null,"abstract":"The wine grapes of Tokachi wine are produced at Ikeda in eastern Hokkaido, where the daily minimum air temperature drops below - 20 ℃ during winter. In this study, we investigated the impact of the previous and current year ʼ s climate conditions (air temperature, precipitations, and sunshine hours) on the fruit quality (Brix, acidity), yield of grapes and Tokachi wine ʼ s vintage evaluation using three varieties ʻ Kiyomi ʼ , ʻ Kiyomai ʼ , and ʻ Yamasachi ʼ from 1995 to 2016. ʻ Kiyomi ʼ is a clonal selection of the French-derived ʻ Seibel 13053 ʼ , while ʻ Kiyomai ʼ and ʻ Yamasachi ʼ are cold hardy hybrids derived from crosses of ʻ Kiyomi ʼ and Vitis amurensis . The mean temperature from April to September and rainfall from August to September showed signiﬁcant positive and negative correlations with the vintage evaluation in Ikeda, respectively, as well as in Bordeaux, France. Brix value of “ Kiyomi ” was positively correlated with sunshine hours in August and September of the growing year, while its acidity was negatively correlated with the average daily maximum temperature of June and average high temperature of September of the growing year. On the other hand, the Brix value and acidity of ʻ Kiyomai ʼ and ʻ Yamasachi ʼ were strongly inﬂuenced by the climatic conditions of the previous year as well as the growing year. Acidity of ʻ Kiyomai ʼ was negatively correlated with the average temperature in June and November of the previous year, while Brix value of ʻ Yamasachi ʼ was positively correlated with the sunshine hours in July of the previous year. In cold regions such as Ikeda, recent global warming has been considered to have a positive effect on agricultural production. However, this study shows that not all conditions associated with warming are positive for Ikeda ʼ s grapes and Tokachi wine.","PeriodicalId":112005,"journal":{"name":"Climate in Biosphere","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123743284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Discussion on appropriate positions for CO2 enrichment within plant canopy by measurements of light intensity, CO2 concentration, leaf area and photosynthetic rate in tomato grown by high-wire system 利用光强、CO2浓度、叶片面积和光合速率对高线栽培番茄冠层内CO2富集适宜位置的探讨

Climate in Biosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2480/cib.j-19-053

T. Kumazaki, T. Tokairin, Y. Ikeuchi, Yusuke Otsuki, Shin-ichiro Miura

{"title":"Discussion on appropriate positions for CO2 enrichment within plant canopy by measurements of light intensity, CO2 concentration, leaf area and photosynthetic rate in tomato grown by high-wire system","authors":"T. Kumazaki, T. Tokairin, Y. Ikeuchi, Yusuke Otsuki, Shin-ichiro Miura","doi":"10.2480/cib.j-19-053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2480/cib.j-19-053","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to discuss an effective technique of CO 2 enrichment within a canopy of tomato grown by high-wire system in green house. Leaf area, photosynthetic photon ﬂux density (PPFD), CO 2 concentration and photosynthetic rate were measured at different height above ground level in the tomato canopy. The leaf area of the middle (1.2 to 1.8 m) and lower layer (0.6 to 1.2 m) was larger than that of the upper layer (1.8 to 2.2 m). The PPFD from the upper to lower layer was decreased from 370 to 45 μmol m -2 s -1 in winter. However, CO 2 concentration varied little among the layers, and was below 400 μmol mol -1 during the day. The maximum photosynthetic rate ( P max ) of middle leaves was similar to that of upper leaves. The P max of lower leaves were less than a half of the other leaves. The photosynthetic rates of middle and lower leaves were increased by 1.2 to 1.3 times with elevated CO 2 concentration from 400 to 800 μmol mol -1 under low PPFD (e.g., 125 μmol m -2 s -1 ). Thus, it was considered that elevating CO 2 concentration at middle layer was appropriate for CO 2 enrichment within a canopy of tomato grown by high-wire system.","PeriodicalId":112005,"journal":{"name":"Climate in Biosphere","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131696690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differences of the canopy surface temperature between F1s and their parents in sugar beet （Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris）甜菜f15与亲本冠层表面温度的差异。寻常的)

Climate in Biosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2480/cib.j-21-066

Y. Usui, Kazunori Taguchi, M. Hirafuji

{"title":"Differences of the canopy surface temperature between F1s and their parents in sugar beet （Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris）","authors":"Y. Usui, Kazunori Taguchi, M. Hirafuji","doi":"10.2480/cib.j-21-066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2480/cib.j-21-066","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effect of heterosis between F1s (F1:First filial generation) and their parents, we investigated the differences of canopy surface temperature ( T c ) among six sugar beet genotypes. Three of the genotypes: “ NK195BR ” , “ NK235BR ” and “ NK388 ” were tested as parents, while the other three “ NK235BR × NK195BR ” , “ NK195BR × NK388 ” and “ NK235BR × NK388 ” were tested as F1s. The diurnal variation of T c was maximal between 10:00 and 14:00. The maximum difference among genotypes was about 2.7 ℃ in daytime and the T c of “ NK195BR × NK388 ” showed the lowest among the other genotypes in 103 days after transplanting. The differences of T c among genotypes increased with increasing vapor pressure deﬁcit. Comparing the 6 hours mean T c value of six genotypes from 10:00 to 16:00 and in descending order of its value, the results showed “ NK388 ” > “ NK235BR ” > “ NK195BR ” > “ NK235BR × NK195BR ” > “ NK235BR × NK388 ” > “ NK195BR × NK388 ” . Although there was a trend that the yield of F1s was higher than that of their parents with high T c , it is necessary to clarify the relationship between T c and yield in the future.","PeriodicalId":112005,"journal":{"name":"Climate in Biosphere","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114515442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of program for estimating optimum harvest date of medicinal plant Angelica acutiloba 药用植物白芷最佳采收期估算程序的开发

Climate in Biosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2480/CIB.J-21-065

S. Inoue, H. Kohmura, M. Igarashi, N. Yokoi, Shuuichi Morohashi, Eiji Nomoto, H. Yui, T. Tamura, M. Yasunaga, Yutaka Shiraishi, Masako Kato, T. Yano, A. Hishida

引用次数: 1

Parameter creation for a development prediction model of Hokkaido paddy rice by data supplementation using standard cultivars 利用标准品种补充数据建立北海道水稻发育预测模型参数

Climate in Biosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2480/CIB.J-19-052

T. Hamasaki, S. Miura, J. Fujikura, M. Nemoto, S. Inoue, T. Hirota

{"title":"Parameter creation for a development prediction model of Hokkaido paddy rice by data supplementation using standard cultivars","authors":"T. Hamasaki, S. Miura, J. Fujikura, M. Nemoto, S. Inoue, T. Hirota","doi":"10.2480/CIB.J-19-052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2480/CIB.J-19-052","url":null,"abstract":"Growth prediction models are used nationwide to support rice cultivation management and to predict/evaluate rice production. Development prediction models are also used in Hokkaido. The development index (DVI) model is easy to use and has a high prediction accuracy. However, DVI models are limited to 4 rice cultivars with an earliness of “early to medium”. Therefore, we prepared the parameters of a DVI growth prediction model for rice cultivars with different levels of earliness for the Hokkaido region. During the preparation we encountered an issue because the development prediction model was not able to properly predict the difference in earliness between cultivars. This occurred due to a systematic estimation error, dependent upon the survey area of the growth data which was different between the cultivars. As a solution, we supplemented the growth data of the cultivars with the data of a “standard cultivar” to make the DVI model parameters. This was possible because the correlation between cultivars during the developmental stage of rice plants cultivated in Hokkaido is represented by a linear equation with a slope of almost 1. With the DVI model created using supplemented data, it became possible to accurately predict the difference in earliness between cultivars. This method is effective for creating development prediction models for cultivars whose developmental data is limited to survey areas and new cultivars with little data available.","PeriodicalId":112005,"journal":{"name":"Climate in Biosphere","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121047740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rice seedling emergence prediction method for timing of weed control in direct-sowing rice on well-drained paddy fields in Hokkaido 北海道水田排水良好的直播水稻除杂草时机的出苗预测方法

Climate in Biosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2480/cib.j-20-058

T. Hamasaki, M. Nemoto

{"title":"Rice seedling emergence prediction method for timing of weed control in direct-sowing rice on well-drained paddy fields in Hokkaido","authors":"T. Hamasaki, M. Nemoto","doi":"10.2480/cib.j-20-058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2480/cib.j-20-058","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to determine the timing of weed control in direct sowing of rice on well-drained paddy fields in Hokkaido region. To this end, we developed calculation models to estimate the date of beginning of seedling emergence from the sowing date, based on an effective accumulated temperature model. The model had different base temperatures set for the earlier and later periods, from sowing to emergence, to calculate daily effective temperature. As non-selective herbicides to remove weeds must be applied before the emergence of rice, new methods to ensure their appropriate application prior to the seedling emergence date are required. These methods must be accurate, as an estimated seedling emergence date that occurs after seedling emergence will be detrimental to the crop. Our results indicate that the use of daily mean soil temperature is more appropriate to estimate the emergence date, and that it is possible to use the daily mean soil temperature which is estimated from daily mean air temperature. The root mean square error of the estimated seedling emergence date is 2.0 days, with only one case of the estimated date occurring after the actual date.","PeriodicalId":112005,"journal":{"name":"Climate in Biosphere","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126216848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forecasting of leaf blast using the dielectric leaf wetness sensor 利用介电叶片湿度传感器预测叶风

Climate in Biosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2480/cib.j-21-069

Naoto Sugawara, Takashi Kobayashi, S. Hase

{"title":"Forecasting of leaf blast using the dielectric leaf wetness sensor","authors":"Naoto Sugawara, Takashi Kobayashi, S. Hase","doi":"10.2480/cib.j-21-069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2480/cib.j-21-069","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, in order to predict leaf blast occurrence using a leaf wetness sensor, we examined the optimal sensor installation angle and location for the measurement of leaf wetness period in rice plant, the relationship between the wetness period and the occurrence of leaf blast severity, and the optimal threshold of the permittivity of a leaf wetness sensor to determine wetness in rice. The wetness period measured at an installation angle of 0 ° was signiﬁcantly longer than the wetness period measured at 0 ° to 60 ° angles. Therefore, the optimal setting angle of the leaf wetness sensor was 0 ° . There was no signiﬁcant difference between the wetness period measured in the paddy ﬁeld and the wet period measured in the plowed ﬁeld. Therefore, it was considered that it was more practical to install the leaf wetness sensor outside the paddy ﬁeld in consideration of the labor and maintenance required for the installation. The wetness period measured by the leaf wetting sensor was considered to be applicable to agriculture ﬁeld sites because the estimation accuracy of the prediction of leaf blast occurrence was high. In rice, the wetting period evaluated at the threshold of 0.300V in permittivity was better than the threshold of 0.284V recommended by METER Group, Inc. to evaluate the occurrence of leaf blast.","PeriodicalId":112005,"journal":{"name":"Climate in Biosphere","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116866311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anti-heat controls based on crop responses 基于作物反应的防热控制

Climate in Biosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2480/cib.j-19-051

K. Ozawa

{"title":"Anti-heat controls based on crop responses","authors":"K. Ozawa","doi":"10.2480/cib.j-19-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2480/cib.j-19-051","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, many expensive devices with multiple-controls such as heating, ventilation and CO2 application have been installed in green-houses which are mainly based on engineering, and less on using the characteristics of crop responses to the environment. In this paper, fertigation practices to lessen high temperature damage by using these characteristics are introduced. 1 ) Cucumber plants grown in hydroponic systems had two peaks of nitrate absorption in a day: At around noon and early night. An anti-heat control was developed for fertigation using the early night peak. Water is used in lieu of midday solution to reduce plant water stress, and then high concentrated solution was supplied in early night to satisfy the daily nutrient demand of plants. It raised cucumber yield by 35 %. Yield even in nocturnal application of solution was 20-40 % more than in daytime application in cucumber and tomato plants. 2 ) High soil temperature is decreased below furrow bottoms due to decrease in fluctuation. Yield in tomatoes planted in furrows 10 cm deep was 20 % more than in flat beds. 3 ) In a trench house with depth 2 m and width 6 m situated in the north-south direction, papaya yield was three times as much as that in the normal green-house. Even in a trench house, papaya plants grown in the west side, where shading in the latter daytime decelerated plant water decreasing and soil temperature increasing, are superior in photosynthesis. 4 ) Foliar water spray around 3 PM increased leaf water and yield in tomato, sweet potato and papaya plants due to accelerated root growth. However it decreased them in melon, cucumber and cabbage. Increasing of leaf negative-pressure to absorb water was higher in the former crops when leaf water was lost. These characteristics can be used for environmental controls in green-houses readily and cheaply.","PeriodicalId":112005,"journal":{"name":"Climate in Biosphere","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115628974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interannual variation in the harvest time of mini cauliflower in the Sanriku coastal region 三陆沿海地区迷你花椰菜收获季节的年际变化

Climate in Biosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2480/cib.j-20-059

M. Okada, U. Matsushima, K. Kato

{"title":"Interannual variation in the harvest time of mini cauliflower in the Sanriku coastal region","authors":"M. Okada, U. Matsushima, K. Kato","doi":"10.2480/cib.j-20-059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2480/cib.j-20-059","url":null,"abstract":"The Sanriku coastal region of Tohoku, Japan, is characterized by large interannual weather fluctuations, which is an important consideration when scheduling crop cultivation. Therefore, we developed a temperature summation model to predict harvesting time for mini cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea var. botrytis ). The model parameters were determined from the data obtained during ﬁeld experiments, and the model was designed using 30-year air temperature records from the AMEDAS observatories. The results indicated that interannual variation at the time of harvest was less when the cauliflower seedlings were transplanted from mid-April through August, but it increased when seedlings were transplanted after September, with the time of harvest often being delayed to mid-winter or later, resulting in severe cold damage to the crop. Based on these results, we concluded that outdoor-cultivated mini cauliflower seedlings should be transplanted before early September in the northern coast and mid-September in the southern coast to ensure harvesting before winter. The effects of greenhouse cover were also evaluated, assuming that the air temperature inside the greenhouse was 2 ° C - 4 ° C higher than that of outdoors, which showed that greenhouse cultivation decreased the variation in the time of harvest, allowing the time of transplanting to be extended by 2 - 3 weeks.","PeriodicalId":112005,"journal":{"name":"Climate in Biosphere","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133920063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

1-km gridded ensemble dataset of daily mean air temperature and precipitation for assessment of meteorological impacts under historical and future climate 用于评估历史和未来气候下气象影响的日平均气温和降水1公里格点集合数据集

Climate in Biosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2480/cib.j071

K. Murakami, M. Nemoto, M. Inatsu, Kuniyasu Sugawara, T. Hirota

引用次数: 0