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Population and Epidemics North of Zacatecas 萨卡特卡斯北部的人口和流行病
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.16
Chantal Cramaussel
{"title":"Population and Epidemics North of Zacatecas","authors":"Chantal Cramaussel","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.16","url":null,"abstract":"The development of demography for northern New Spain in recent years has relied on parochial archives that are the most accurate records for estimating the incidence of epidemics. Included here is a general survey of the studies on demographics of the North of New Spain, specifying the methodology chosen to track disease episodes and determine their routes of propagation. The impact of epidemics was not the same in the different northerly regions. In fact, the chronology of outbreaks shows that the Northwest and the Northeast did not face the same calamities as the North Central area. However, the mobility of the population and the forced transfers of Indians toward mining centers complicate the research because population growth may not be due necessarily to endogenous causes. In addition, the appearance of epidemics may be underreported, especially those outbreaks affecting peoples beyond the Spanish domination.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"21 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117343101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Indian Friends and Allies” in the Spanish Imperial Borderlands of North America 北美西班牙帝国边境地区的“印第安朋友和盟友”
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.6
D. L. Rojo
{"title":"“Indian Friends and Allies” in the Spanish Imperial Borderlands of North America","authors":"D. L. Rojo","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.6","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of research produced since the 1950s on Indian allies who actively shaped the successive borderlands north of Mexico-Tenochtitlan after 1521, as well as an in-depth discussion of sixteenth-century instances based on primary sources. The emphasis is placed on Otomí allies in the sixteenth-century conquest of central Mexico and the area that came to be known as the Gran Chichimeca; Nahuas and Purépechas who went to the Tierra Nueva of Cíbola under the command of Francisco Vázquez de Coronado (1540–1542), and the many groups of different ethnic origins who took part in the Mixtón war (1541–1542) and the conquest of Nueva Vizcaya in the early 1560s. The Indians’ mixed motivations to get involved in conquest and colonizing campaigns alongside Spanish individuals, besides the privileges and material benefits they obtained and the threats of Spanish authorities and encomenderos—or the desire to escape Spanish oppression—were also determined by local and regional articulations of native politics that predated the arrival of Europeans. Therefore, their participation as conquerors must be understood as integral to a complex realignment process rather than as a mere reaction to colonial imposition.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123327071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Autonomous Indian Nations and Peacemaking in Colonial Brazil 印第安民族自治与巴西殖民时期的和平
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.21
H. F. Roller
{"title":"Autonomous Indian Nations and Peacemaking in Colonial Brazil","authors":"H. F. Roller","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.21","url":null,"abstract":"During the late eighteenth century, a range of autonomous Indian nations in Brazil forged more peaceful relationships with the Portuguese without submitting to colonial governance. This indicates the need to look beyond colonial policies of “pacification” to understand how these peace processes unfolded. This chapter builds on recent scholarship on indigenous peacemaking in colonial Latin America and presents new findings on the aims and perspectives of two important groups in western and northern Brazil (the Mbayá-Guaikurú and the Mura). These cases reveal that independent Indians had their own ideas of how peace should be made and what it should entail, compelling even the most cynical colonial officials on the ground to make concessions and compromises. The chapter also draws on the recent literature on peace agreements between Indians and Spaniards to provide a comparative perspective on the ways in which peace was made (and unmade) in the late colonial Iberian borderlands.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129561173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Indigenous Diaspora, Bondage, and Freedom in Colonial Cuba 古巴殖民时期的移民、奴役与自由
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.4
J. Yaremko
{"title":"Indigenous Diaspora, Bondage, and Freedom in Colonial Cuba","authors":"J. Yaremko","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.4","url":null,"abstract":"From the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries, thousands of indigenous peoples from a spectrum of cultures embarked, voluntarily and involuntarily, on journeys from their homelands in the continental Americas to the Caribbean: as traders, refugees, immigrants, laborers, and as slaves. Cuba became the principal destination for a massive influx of indigenous peoples from New Spain and, later, the independent republic of Mexico. This chapter explores the fluid, multidimensional dynamic of diasporic indigenous peoples in their attempts to negotiate an existence in a territory to which they were forcibly relocated. It examines the historical, social, political, and intercultural development of forced indigenous labor in Cuba along with the complex and nuanced ways in which freedom and bondage overlapped. It investigates contending spheres of power encompassing states, settler populations, and indigenous and other subaltern peoples to discuss the implications of this Caribbean borderlands dynamic in the context of transitional zones and transculturation.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126236977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Indian Garrison Colonies of New Spain and Central America 新西班牙和中美洲的印第安驻军殖民地
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.7
Sean F. McEnroe
{"title":"The Indian Garrison Colonies of New Spain and Central America","authors":"Sean F. McEnroe","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines Spanish-indigenous co-colonization projects in northern Mexico and Central America. From the early sixteenth century, Nahuas, Otomis, Zapotecs, and Mixtecs helped to extend the Spanish colonial system south into Maya lands, and north into the Gran Chichimeca. The parallel history of these widely separated frontiers was shaped by early colonial compacts that linked the Indian settlers’ political status to their military service. Late imperial administrative reforms often affected both frontiers simultaneously, especially when new models of taxation, military service, or labor organization threatened older understandings of settler privilege. The communities most successful in defending their status were those whose continuing military service remained vital to the empire. In northern New Spain, Nahua settlers remained key contributors to regional defense long after their Central American counterparts. Consequently, their settler privileges lasted longer and had more enduring political effects.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130249433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Patterns of Food Security in the Pre-Hispanic Americas 前西班牙美洲的粮食安全模式
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.5
A. Bushnell
{"title":"Patterns of Food Security in the Pre-Hispanic Americas","authors":"A. Bushnell","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.5","url":null,"abstract":"A group achieves food security when its sustenance requirements are in equilibrium with its sustainable resources, that is, when its habitats, fixed or seasonal, guarantee a nutritionally adequate diet year-round to enough individuals to keep its population constant. By pursuing a mixture of subsistence strategies, the group assures itself that if its primary routine should fail, a secondary routine, or back-up cycle, will be available to take its place. This chapter examines technologies of hunting and gathering, extensive and intensive agriculture, and food preparation perfected in the Americas over thousands of years, with the object of identifying those patterns of material culture and resource management that allowed many Pre-Hispanic peoples to endure periods of food shortage and avoid “state capture,” neither producing a surplus that could be seized nor asking for a handout with strings attached. The same patterns that kept these groups free in the era of native empires would enable their descendants to remain autonomous in the era of overseas empires, on the edges or in the interstices of the Iberian borderlands.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126881068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frontier Missions in South America 南美洲的边境传教
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.20
Guillermo Wilde
{"title":"Frontier Missions in South America","authors":"Guillermo Wilde","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.20","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the establishment of frontier missions in South America, with emphasis on the strategies used in the interactions between Jesuit missionaries and indigenous peoples. It explores three foundational aspects of the organization of the missions: impositions, adaptations, and appropriations. Imposition refers to actions undertaken by missionaries within the framework of colonial regulations, in collaboration with members of the indigenous elite. Adaptation refers to adjustments made to the models that were imposed on local settings, through the incorporation of native elements that did not threaten the imposed structure of the reductions. Appropriation refers to indigenous responses to colonial impositions and the development of autonomous native practices. These three factors contributed to the development of new perceptions of space and time, as well as subjectivities that were specific to the frontier missions of South America in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133727976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Virgin of El Zape and Jesuit Missions in Nueva Vizcaya 埃尔扎普圣母和耶稣会在新比斯开的传教会
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.18
C. Bargellini
{"title":"The Virgin of El Zape and Jesuit Missions in Nueva Vizcaya","authors":"C. Bargellini","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.18","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the sculpture of the Virgin Mary at El Zape, a former early Jesuit mission site, in Durango, Mexico. It begins with the examination of the written sources, dating from 1617 to the eighteenth century, within their historical contexts. These sources are compared to one another and to the appearance of the sculpture today, as disclosed during a recent minor restoration. The result is a deeper historical and esthetic understanding of the texts and of the sculpture, which began as a miraculous missionary companion and patron for the Jesuits, with connections to representations ranging from Flemish prints to eighteenth-century paintings. The missionary image was eventually incorporated into the category of popular devotions within the bishopric of Durango.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122860170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact on the Spanish Empire of the Russian Incursion into the North Pacific, 1741–1821 俄国入侵北太平洋对西班牙帝国的影响(1741-1821
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.3
M. Soto
{"title":"Impact on the Spanish Empire of the Russian Incursion into the North Pacific, 1741–1821","authors":"M. Soto","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.3","url":null,"abstract":"In the early eighteenth century, the imprecise northwest frontier of the Spanish Empire in America was scarcely explored. At the end of the Seven Years’ War the Spanish Crown implemented reforms to extend its control over peripheral areas like northwestern New Spain. The presence of Russian hunters and entrepreneurs in the Aleutian Islands and small enclaves along the Pacific coast unveiled during this War was considered by the Spanish Crown as an invasion. Meanwhile, the imperial Russian government approved the foundation of the Russian-American Company to consolidate a colonization project in the Americas. This chapter reflects on how both imperial governments understood the limits of their empires in North America, examining the relations that each of them established with the Native American peoples in order to profit from their workforce and local knowledge. It explores Native American responses to Russian and Spanish presence and how these influenced indigenous interethnic relations.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124188783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trans-Imperial Interaction and the Rio de la Plata as an Atlantic Borderland 跨帝国的相互作用和拉普拉塔河作为大西洋边境
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.19
Fabricio Prado
{"title":"Trans-Imperial Interaction and the Rio de la Plata as an Atlantic Borderland","authors":"Fabricio Prado","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.19","url":null,"abstract":"The Rio de la Plata was one of the most disputed regions in the Atlantic world among Portuguese, Spanish, and indigenous groups, and it was an area of interest for the British and French. Despite geopolitical disputes over the north bank of the Rio de la Plata, Portuguese Colonia do Sacramento, and Spanish Buenos Aires and Montevideo formed an important port complex where powerful networks of trade, religion, and family connected subjects of the Spanish and the Portuguese empires. Colonia do Sacramento and Montevideo became important Atlantic ports that connected the region to Europe, Africa, and other regions in the Americas. This article examines the social, economic and political dynamics in the Rio de la Plata, focusing on the role of port cities as centers of trans-imperial interaction that not only connected subjects of both Spanish and Portuguese empires but also linked the region to the broader Atlantic world.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129765997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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