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The Royal Road of the Interior in New Spain 新西班牙内陆的皇家之路
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.11
Tatiana Seijas
{"title":"The Royal Road of the Interior in New Spain","authors":"Tatiana Seijas","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.11","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter focuses on the royal road of the interior that linked Central Mexico and the Rio Grande Valley to highlight the indigenous origins of its pathways and to showcase the economic and political agency exerted by native peoples. Native communities located on the royal road and its vicinity had unique access to commercial opportunities. Indigenous artisans traveled to and along the road to find a market for their products. Farmers similarly relied on a steady stream of travelers seeking food and shelter to buy their surplus corn and other products to make some gains. Indian guides found paying customers who required their services to find their way from one stop along the road to the next settlement. The historiography on royal roads in New Spain has primarily focused on their connection to the Spanish colonial economy. This chapter aims to shift the narrative by illustrating how a number of indigenous communities used the routes for their own purposes.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130851996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Borderlands of Bondage 奴役之地
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.33
Andrés Reséndez
{"title":"Borderlands of Bondage","authors":"Andrés Reséndez","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.33","url":null,"abstract":"This essay explores the historiography of Indian slavery in various borderlands of the hemisphere and argues that even though the Spanish Crown prohibited Indian slavery after 1542, several coercive labor arrangements akin to enslavement allowed owners to retain mastery over indigenous workers while formally complying with the law. These labor arrangements, including encomiendas in certain circumstances, repartimientos, convict leasing, debt peonage, and other forms of coercion, continued to function until the end of the colonial period and beyond. This chapter employs comparative methods and a wide range of empirical data to make a preliminary attempt to quantify the number of Indians held in bondage in different regions of the New World from the fifteenth through the nineteenth centuries.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130641051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Construction of a Frontier Space 前沿空间的建构
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.32
P. Jordán, Anna Guiteras Mombiola
{"title":"The Construction of a Frontier Space","authors":"P. Jordán, Anna Guiteras Mombiola","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.32","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the most significant aspects of constructing the frontier in the north of Bolivia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. We particularly focus on the impact of state policies on ethnolinguistic groups in the department of Beni and on the Guarayos in the department of Santa Cruz, as well as on the inter-ethnic relations that developed between these groups and the rest of Bolivian society. We first analyze the strategies, activities, and institutions of indigenous Benianos with respect to the exercise of their constitutional rights in both the sociopolitical realm, as expressed through local government, and the socioeconomic realm, centered on land ownership. We then analyze the establishment of Franciscan missions among the Guarayos as a basic tool employed by Bolivian governments as a “civilizing vanguard” with the theoretic aim of transforming “savages” into “citizens.”","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134639924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Colonization, Mediation, and Mestizaje in the Borderlands of Nineteenth-Century Minas Gerais, Brazil 19世纪巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州边境地区的殖民、调解和梅斯蒂萨人
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.15
Izabel Missagia de Mattos
{"title":"Colonization, Mediation, and Mestizaje in the Borderlands of Nineteenth-Century Minas Gerais, Brazil","authors":"Izabel Missagia de Mattos","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"This research brings together the colonization of existing indigenous peoples in the Sertões do Leste (the eastern backlands of Brazil) and the formation of a national Brazilian narrative. Violence, extermination, and slavery became frequent in the area dating from the Carta Régia of 1808, which declared a “Just War” against the “Cannibal Botocudos.” Following the Law of Catechesis of 1845, such measures were replaced by the discourse of “civilization” through mestizaje as an efficient way of liberating land from the various indigenous groups present in the area, articulated through interrelated socio-symbolic networks. The issue would be widely discussed in official reports written by missionaries and politicians. In contrast to the contemporary national narratives of Argentina and Uruguay, constructed on the expansion of territories and the decimation of “savages” for the advancement of their borders, the experience of “pacification” of the eastern backlands of Brazil’s interior underpins the incorporation of the idea of mestizaje as a narrative of national “civilization.”","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124774639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Borderlands of Knowledge in the Estado da Índia (Sixteenth–Eighteenth Centuries) Estado da的知识边界Índia(16 - 18世纪)
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.12
Ines G. Županov
{"title":"Borderlands of Knowledge in the Estado da Índia (Sixteenth–Eighteenth Centuries)","authors":"Ines G. Županov","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.12","url":null,"abstract":"Indian historiography commonly treated Iberian imperial presence in South Asia in the early modern period as a precocious and unsuccessful effort before that of the British Empire. The Portuguese (and Spanish) Estado da Índia had indeed been an exemplary “borderlands” empire. However, its territorial marginality and the ultimate failure to expand did not hamper it from acquiring a prodigious “empire of knowledge.” By centering on three categories of knowledge—medico-botanical, linguistic, and historical—this article addresses the ways of knowing, collecting, and crafting information in transcultural dialogue with local communities. It focuses on mapping the major sites and intersections through which the knowledge circulated in the Portuguese imperial global networks. In addition, this article argues that these devalued, “borderlands” epistemologies inspired in important ways both British Empire and the major disciplinary fields (linguistics, area studies, history, Orientalism) engaged in reflecting on South Asia.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124361170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conflict, Alliance, Mobility, and Place in the Evolution of Identity in Portuguese Amazonia 冲突、联盟、流动和葡萄牙亚马孙地区身份演变中的位置
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.24
Barbara A. Sommer
{"title":"Conflict, Alliance, Mobility, and Place in the Evolution of Identity in Portuguese Amazonia","authors":"Barbara A. Sommer","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.24","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reveals how the vast waterways of equatorial South America facilitated exploration and inter-ethnic contact that led to conflict as well as cooperation and migration. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Portuguese explorers, slave traders, and missionaries moved progressively upriver, descending natives to missions and settlements. Some Indian and African runaways subsequently escaped to riverine forests to evade exploitation. This chapter presents new evidence showing that runaways to remote tributaries would become the supposedly uncontacted “tribes” of twentieth-century ethnographers. Against the backdrop of the eighteenth-century demarcation of Spanish and Portuguese imperial boundaries, the occupation of geographic and ecological zones defined social and cultural identities.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122950945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Riverine Borderlands and Multicultural Contacts in Central Brazil, 1775–1835 1775-1835年，巴西中部的河流边缘地带和多元文化接触
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.23
Mary C. Karasch
{"title":"Riverine Borderlands and Multicultural Contacts in Central Brazil, 1775–1835","authors":"Mary C. Karasch","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.23","url":null,"abstract":"Central Brazil was a contested region in the eighteenth century, where Luso-Brazilians with indigenous and African slaves had seized lands rich in gold from indigenous nations along the Tocantins and Araguaia rivers. The Portuguese called this region the captaincy of Goiás, including the modern states of Goiás and Tocantins with parts of Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso. Portuguese officials claimed to have conquered the territory, but indigenous nations and runaway slaves maintained control over vast areas. For more than a century after the discovery of gold in the 1720s, lands remained in dispute; there was no closure of the frontier in favor of the Portuguese. And in the early nineteenth century, the indigenous nations of Tocantins almost drove Luso-Brazilians from their territory. This chapter demonstrates how indigenous peoples used their skills in warfare, trade, and diplomacy to ensure their survival.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127356236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Borderlands in the Silver Mines of New Spain, 1540–1660 新西班牙银矿的边陲地带，1540-1660
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.1
Dana Velasco Murillo
{"title":"Borderlands in the Silver Mines of New Spain, 1540–1660","authors":"Dana Velasco Murillo","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.1","url":null,"abstract":"From the sixteenth century onward, mining towns in New Spain produced more than silver; they also led to the creation of new colonial communities and societies. The founding of mining towns outside of central Mexico served as catalysts for northern exploration, becoming and creating new borderlands in their wake. This chapter considers how mining towns constituted both geographical and social borderlands. It focuses on the roles and experience of indigenous, Spanish, African, and ethnically mixed descent individuals (castas) in Mexico’s northern silver mining district from 1540 to 1660. The colonization of the mining borderlands created new economic, social, and ethnic patterns shaped by population scarcity and instability, the labor needs of production, the incentives of the money economy, the lifeways and practices of indigenous populations, imbalanced sex ratios, and under-developed colonial institutions. Ultimately, the chapter argues that mining towns remained borderlands, sites of fluid cultural exchanges and social boundaries.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125277654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shaping an Inter-Imperial Exchange Zone 塑造一个帝国间的交流区域
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.17
Linda M. Rupert
{"title":"Shaping an Inter-Imperial Exchange Zone","authors":"Linda M. Rupert","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.17","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores how people on the ground—and in the water—created a vibrant inter-imperial space in the southern Caribbean, linking the small Dutch entrepôt of Curaçao and the nearby hinterland of Spanish Venezuela. Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries a variety of colonial denizens developed dynamic transcolonial networks, which were influenced by intertwined imperial political, religious, and economic frameworks. These links built on indigenous ties between the island and the mainland that dated from pre-Columbian times and were further shaped by the area’s changing human geography in the wake of European colonization. While to some extent the inter-imperial space between Dutch Curaçao and Spanish Venezuela reflects unique historical circumstances, it raises several intriguing issues that are applicable to the study of borderlands more generally, particularly related to the role of smuggling, maritime spaces, and the complex relationship between overarching structures and human agency.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"8 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128831413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Pacific Borderlands of the Spanish Empire 西班牙帝国的太平洋边境
The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.25
C. Goode
{"title":"The Pacific Borderlands of the Spanish Empire","authors":"C. Goode","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.013.25","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the economic relationship between the Spanish colonies in the Americas and the Asian markets at the center of the early modern world economy. Pointing to the importance of political and family networks that existed within the Pacific borderlands, it investigates how Spanish merchants and bureaucrats supplied the sought-after silver to Asian markets in exchange for varied luxury goods like textiles, spices, porcelains, and furniture. The Manila Galleon functioned as the conduit, moving goods, people, and knowledge through the Pacific borderlands. These relationships across the Pacific, which were built on commerce but extended to political and cultural exchange, demonstrate that Spanish colonies that were far beyond the control of a European power benefitted from their direct access to the Asian economy across the Pacific.","PeriodicalId":111880,"journal":{"name":"The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126751887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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