Khwopa Journal最新文献

{"title":"Assessing Groundwater Level and Water Quality in Bhaktapur Municipality: A Pre-Monsoon and Post-Monsoon Analysis","authors":"Rohinee Bishwas Mandal, Shreeben Shakya, Bimala Ghale, Hanik Lakhe, Sudeep Duwal, B. Shakya","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60442","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is a crucial natural resource for sustaining human life, agriculture, and ecosystems worldwide. In many Asian countries, including Nepal, groundwater has emerged as a dependable source of water, particularly in areas where surface water is scarce or unreliable. For instance, in Bhaktapur Municipality (BM), Nepal, groundwater has been contributing around 50–60% of the total water supply. However, over the past few years, extensive extraction, alterations in the land use pattern, and other anthropogenic interventions have posed serious threats to this highly valuable resource. As such, groundwater monitoring is an essential primary step for understanding the status of the groundwater resource. Meanwhile, the Water Quality Index (WQI) is an effective tool that can turn complex water quality data into simplified information that is understandable and usable by the public. This study aimed to understand the groundwater levels and further comprehend the groundwater quality using the WQI  of the BM. The groundwater level data and water samples were collected from 24 spatially distributed wells of the BM in the post-monsoon of 2021 and the pre- and post-monsoon of 2022. Laboratory analysis was carried out to determine the nine physico-chemical water quality parameters, and the obtained parametric values were compared with those of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS). The results show deeper groundwater levels in the core area than the periphery, and the water quality getting poorer from post-monsoon 2021 to post-monsoon 2022. The EC, TDS, pH, phosphate, chloride, and hardness of most of the samples were within the permissible limits of WHO and NDWQS, whereas the turbidity, ammonia, and alkalinity of many samples exceeded the permissible limits. Average WQI revealed that the majority of the samples were unsuitable for drinking and suitable only for household and irrigation purposes. This study provides insights into managing water demands, addressing issues of water scarcity, and highlighting the urgent need for additional research and policymaking to improve drinking water quality and the sustainability of groundwater management in BM.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Tourism in the Tourism Industry in Patan Area, Nepal","authors":"R. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60439","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of the study are to determine the benefit of cultural tourism for local people around Patan Darbar Square and assess the association between external tourist arrival for cultural tourism and income earning of Patan Darbar Square. This study was also based on both primary and secondary data The study used a descriptive research design and a case study method. This study adopted a qualitative method for the first objective of the study and a quantitative method for the second objective. Interviews were used for primary data. Interviews were conducted with culturalists, employees of Lalitpur Metropolitan City, and social workers within Patan Darbar Square in Nepal. Judgmental sampling techniques were adopted to collect primary data. Secondary data was collected from Lalitpur Metropolitan City of Lalitpur district. The simple correlation was used for quantitative data analysis whereas thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. According to the interview of research participants, cultural tourism provides benefits for local people around Patan Darbar Square in varied ways. There is a low positive correlation between external tourist arrival for cultural tourism and the income earning of Patan Darbar Square in Nepal. Practical implication of this study is that the metropolitan city should preserve and mobilize several tangible and intangible cultural heritages to earn much more foreign exchange.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Corruption, Income Inequality, and Unemployment on Poverty in Context of Nepal","authors":"Suban Bijukchhen, Rajan Phaju","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60446","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to look into the connections between unemployment, economic inequality, and poverty in Nepal. In the study, variables including absolute poverty, CPI index score, Gini coefficient, and unemployment are used with data from 2000 to 2020. The Toda Yamamoto test was used in the study to determine whether the variables were causally related because not all data were stationary, even at the second difference. Additionally, the stability was evaluated using a cointegration test, and the normalcy test was observed using a descriptive analysis. According to the study's findings, poverty in Nepal is significantly influenced by corruption, income inequality, and unemployment. The variables are found to have a direct or indirect correlation with one another. Therefore, the study comes to the conclusion that preventing poverty in Nepal would be difficult without reducing corruption, economic disparity, and unemployment. Policymakers may find the findings helpful in creating plans to combat poverty and advance the nation's economy.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Debt on the Economic Growth of Nepal","authors":"Rashmi Baral, Rajan Phaju","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60480","url":null,"abstract":"Public debt and Economic growth have always been the major topic of discussion in the Nepalese economy. Nepal, an underdeveloped country, is always trying to take a leap towards development but both external debt and domestic debt have been the major challenging tasks to perform in the economy. This study has empirically explored the relationship between foreign debt, internal debt and economic growth in Nepal. The time series data for the period of 1975-2021 AD has been applied. Unit root test with Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) model has been used to test data stationarity. The result of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model shows that internal debt has positive relationship with GDP whereas foreign debt has negative relationship with GDP. Toda-Yamamoto causality test method has been applied because of the non -stationarity of the data at level. The stationarity of data was seen only at first difference and second difference. Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test found the casual relationship between foreign debt, internal debt and economic growth in Nepal. The test is set at 5 percent level of significance. According to the results of the study, foreign debt and internal debt have unilateral relationship with GDP i.e. economic growth. This study shows there is long-run unidirectional causal relationship between foreign debt to GDP and also between internal debt to GDP in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Washing Methods for Reduction of Pesticide Residues in Green Leafy Vegetables","authors":"Sajana Khagi","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60444","url":null,"abstract":"The use and import of pesticides have been increasing each year to increase agricultural production. The most highly consumed pesticide in Nepal is fungicide followed by insecticide, herbicide and others. Exposure to these pesticides may result in serious health effects. The main route of exposure is the consumption of contaminated fruits and vegetables. Many studies have shown to reduce the pesticide residues level through various culinary and processing treatments. This experiment was carried out to compare the effectiveness of four washing methods to reduce pesticide residues in vegetables. These comprised of running water method, washing by using NaHCO3, NaCl, and vinegar solution. The leafy vegetable samples, Bok choy (N=61) were purchased from local markets and analyzed for the contents of the two pesticides, 2,4-D and atrazine. Samples were extracted using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with stable isotopically-labelled internal standards. The quality of the method was examined in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). Washing vegetables under running tap water significantly decreased (p<0.05) 2,4-D residues by 50%. However, atrazine residues were not reduced significantly from washing under running water but washing with vinegar had a significant effect. This study suggests that washing vegetables before consumption is important to reduce intake of pesticides and associated health risks.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Trends in Writing Thesis at Master’s Level in English of Humanities and Social Sciences","authors":"Raj Kumar Gurung, Hukum Thapa","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60427","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the current trends in writing thesis in M. A. English. Both the supervisors and master’s level students encounter several problems during the thesis writing process. Most of the students do not update the MLA and APA formats and other components of thesis. Then some students purchase the readymade thesis from the market or hire the ghost writers. This study analyzes the problems faced by the thesis supervisors and the students. Thesis writing has been a challenging job for the students because of various contexts and issues. It intends to generate some concrete suggestions to settle the issues of thesis supervising and writing by investigating and identifying the genuine problems. The current trend of thesis writing is not satisfactory. This paper aims to create the friendly environment between the supervisors and thesis writing students so that thesis writing process becomes simpler. The study adopts the survey methods and document analysis for the discussion of the issues raised. This project focuses on these questions: Why has thesis writing become the most challenging task? Who is responsible, the supervisors or students? What are the ways of making thesis supervising and writing friendlier? This study aims to bridge the gap between supervisors and the students; and open the avenue for the further research to bring out result oriented and less problematic thesis","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Governance on Tourist Arrival in Nepal","authors":"Naniram Sapkota","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60478","url":null,"abstract":"It is believed that governance has a direct impact on all sectors of the state. This paper aims to examine the effect of governance on the tourism sector by adopting the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGIs) produced by Kaufmann et al. (1999). For analyzing tourism sector performance, the annual number of tourists arriving in Nepal and their average length of stay have been taken separately from 2005 to 2019 as dependent variables. The six indicators of WGIs are taken as independent variables which include political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, voice and accountability, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. The data were collected from secondary sources and analyzed by descriptive statistics using multiple-line graphs and regression models. The result shows that most of the WGIs insignificantly explained both the number of tourists and their length of stay. The finding differs for political stability and the absence of violence which significantly explains the relationship with the average length of stay per tourists. In a nutshell, the study concludes that governance-related indicators have not found a significant impact on tourist arrival in Nepal. Further, the findings of this study suggest reforming the existing level of all worldwide governance indicators for better performance of the tourism sector.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corportae Governance Issues in Nepalese Banks and Financial Insti-tutions and Legal Settelement at the Supreme Court of Nepal","authors":"Rashesh Vaidya, Prajan Pradhan, Sunil Kumar Patel","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60461","url":null,"abstract":"Corporate governance includes a set of relationships among Board of Directors, management team, employees, and other stakeholders of an organization. Corporate governance is a mechanism that determines the setting of goals, attainment of objectives, and monitoring of the performance of an entity. Banks and financial institutions (BFIs.) in Nepal have been under great concern regarding good corporate governance from the regulatory body, Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB), a central bank of Nepal. After back-to-back off-site supervision and on-site supervision, issues of corporate governance have come to the surface. Issues of corporate governance at Nepalese BFIs go beyond the picture reflected in the books of accounts and financial indicators. Hence, issues of corporate governance have been raised in the courtrooms of Nepal. Thus, the paper conducted a case study on the issues of corporate governance within Nepalese BFIs. In such a scenario, the Supreme Court of Nepal, in most cases, gave verdicts in favor of the central bank, found the top managerial personnel to be the main culprit, and ordered it to settle the issues as corporate governance comes under the jurisdiction of NRB.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Government Auditing for Combating Corruption and Promoting Integrity in Nepal","authors":"Baburam Bhul","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60328","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of government auditing for corruption control and promoting integrity in the public administration of Nepal. This article utilizes content analysis that relies on a systematic literature review of secondary sources from relevant various sources, employing content analysis as the main research strategy. In terms of corruption control, Nepal's government auditing has been playing a crucial role in both preventive and promotional efforts, as well as corrective arrangements. Nevertheless, preventive actions are not always executed. The conclusions show that the government auditing has a major impact on fighting against corruption through Office of the Auditor General Nepal. This study also discovered that the amount of corruption and government performance had a substantial impact on governance. However, this article suggests that the competence of the auditor should be improved for making more responsible in identifying fraud and exposing corruption activities. Thus, if auditing is to play a more prominent role in the fight against corruption, auditing standards shall include specific requirements relating to control corruption, government auditors must co-operate and exchange information with other investigating agencies, auditing techniques should be made more robust to detect corruption, and the auditing profession must embrace effective preventive measures such as anticorruption recognitions and certifications. The article’s findings strongly support the promotion of good governance and the utilization of government auditing and its recommendations to enhance transparency and accountability in Nepal's governance, benefiting political parties, governments, civic organizations, and other stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":"110 s422","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Relationship among Exports, Imports and Economic Growth in Nepal: Evidence from VAR Model","authors":"Rajan Phaju","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i1.53292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i1.53292","url":null,"abstract":"This study's goal is to evaluate the causal relation among Nepal's exports, imports, and real gross domestic product. One of the most significant sources of foreign currency income that reduces the strain on the balance of payments is considered to be exports. The relationship between real GDP, exports and imports is investigated on Nepalese economy over the period 1975-2020, using yearly data. For that purpose, Vector Autoregressive model is used as there is no cointegration among variables as per Johansen's approach. Similarly variance decomposition test is also conducted. Findings confirm the presence of relationship among Real GDP, exports and imports. The results of VAR granger causality test shows that surprisingly export doesn't cause real GDP and import whereas import causes real GDP. Similarly, real GDP causes export, and import also causes export. But there is no bi-directional causality between the variables. Nepal will gain from raising its international trade competitiveness to reduce current account deficits. Prioritizing research and development and producing export goods with high value added by focusing on science and technology are the simplest ways to do this. Similarly, in order to raise worker productivity, which will immediately spur economic growth and raise living standards in Nepal, there is a need to increase technology imports.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123183680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}