Khwopa Journal最新文献

{"title":"An Analysis of the Determinants of Bank Stability in the Banking Industry of Nepal","authors":"Krishna Prasad Gwachha","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60463","url":null,"abstract":"Bank stability refers to the ability of a financial institution to maintain consistent and secure operations, even in the face of economic challenges or shocks. This research study examines the determinants of bank stability in the Nepalese banking industry. The study analyzed data from commercial banks over a wide time range from 2001 to 2023, utilizing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model technique. The study found that bank size, funding risk, liquidity risk, and GDP growth have a positive and significant impact on bank stability in Nepal. The study also found that credit risk has a negative impact on bank stability. This implies that higher levels of credit risk increase the likelihood of bank instability in Nepal. Banks must give utmost priority to effectively managing and controlling bank size, funding risk, liquidity risk, and fostering GDP growth in order to bolster bank stability and fortify the country's financial system. However, the study also found that credit risk has a negative impact on bank stability. This implies that higher levels of credit risk increase the likelihood of bank instability in Nepal. The implications of the research study for policymakers, regulators, and banks, emphasize the need for effective risk management practices, adequate capitalization, diversified funding sources, and a supportive economic environment to ensure a stable banking sector. The implications of this finding hold great importance for policymakers, as they highlight the crucial role of preserving current bank stability in order to attain even greater stability in the future.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic Masculinity and Compulsive Heteronormativity in Konkona Sen’s Movie, A Death in the Gunj","authors":"Palistha Ranjitkar","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60414","url":null,"abstract":"Gender is one of the most contested subjects in literature. Some prominent scholars like Judith Butler have argued that gender is not innate, but performative. For instance, masculinity is a construct which is always believed to resonate with a compulsive heteronormativity. The fact that men have to behave like an actual “macho; the giver ; the doer  completely contrasting feminine virtues such as the emotional , passive and the receiver is prescriptive of the ways through which heteronormativity has become naturalized  since the beginning of the civilization. This paper looks into the subtle details about the rooted construct of heteronormativity resembled in the movie “A death in the Gunj’(2016) . Here the protagonist Shutu faces spiritual conflict between his naturally innate virtues like kindness, sensitivity, introversion which goes quite contrary to the compartmentalized masculine virtues such as assertiveness, bravery, manhood and a pressure to maintain a proper “macho” personality. This research looks into the prominent crisis of masculinity and gender performativity that the world faces today. Is it only essential to venerate the so called masculine virtues like dominance and assertiveness? If yes , what about kindness, sensitivity and the capacity to feel emotions that are so much sidelined as feminine virtues? What is the position of man in the modern society? The movie “ A death in Gunj “ paradoxically opens up these hard questions through the characterization of Shuttu who remains  unloved and forsaken  and drives himself towards the annals of self-destruction and suicide for the reason that he finds himself very vaguely suited to fit into the societal constructs of what makes a proper “man’. This research employs Judith Butler’s concept of gender performativity to look into all these prominent gender questions. It also employs Lacan’s construct of symbolic order where language is a source of both alienation and subjectivity considering the fact that while language structures our understanding of self and reality, it alienates from the self that stemmed from the imaginary order from our authentic selves.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":"204 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land","authors":"Komal Prasad Phuyal","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60405","url":null,"abstract":"The greatest of the issues in modernism emanates from memory in human beings. It is the first condition for people to realize what they have lost in their life, resulting from World War I. Often known as the manifesto of modernism in the West, T. S. Eliot’s 1922 poem The Wasteland deals with the intellectual, social, political, and quotidian issues of the people, basically resulting from memory. The people begin to value the glory of the past as the epitome in contemporary times, meaning that they have been driven out of paradise now. In other words, memory became a tool to rewrite a new Bible in the twentieth century following the trail of John Milton’s The Paradise Lost (1667). The phantoms of negative memories torment the people in the West: for instance, the people set out in search of Christ or metonymically the Holy Grail. Most importantly, the poetic persona is Tiresias who still remembers both his lives. He searches for the images that best represent the experience of living in the Western world shattered at the hand of the destructive forces. The centers of the civilizations have undergone massive destruction and they have remained unable to reconstruct themselves. Both the poet and the poetic persona go through the pages of the books of the Western and Eastern body of knowledge to identify the remedy for the fragmentation or loss of the binding principles of human society. This study aims to explore how memory is treated in modernist literature to examine the presence of history in making sense of the presence. The Eastern myths remind the Western world of the cure to the existing problems of society. In fact, this paper claims that The Wasteland builds its argument in the treatment of memory as the prime factor in the articulation of the central vision about the West in general and modernism in particular.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind, Language and Thinking in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot","authors":"Raj Kishor Singh","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60416","url":null,"abstract":"This paper claims that mind, language and thinking have triangular relationship. It raises an issue whether language is necessary in the process of thinking. It is very debatable issue whether language and thinking are interdependent or independent elements. Role of the mind must be significant in the process of thinking. Language is a tool for thinking. This triangular issue of mind, language and thinking has been brought into the scene when Lucky, in Samuel Beckett’s play Waiting for Godot, is sitting and thinking.  Lucky’s thinking inspires us to explore the triangular issue. After analysis of the data and the language used in thinking by Lucky, it is discovered that mind is a catalyst and language and thoughts are substances in the mind. Benjamin Lee Whorf's hypothesis states that the influence of language on thinking is obligatory. Oscar Wilde remarks that language is the parent, and not the child, of thought. Bertrand Russell claims the role of language is to make possible thoughts which cannot exist without it but processing is in the mind as inner or mental speech. Language influences our thinking and, thereby, our thoughts.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":"95 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homelessness within Homeland: Oppression of Hazara in Hosseini’s The Kite Runner","authors":"Sangita Gajamer","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60445","url":null,"abstract":"In Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner, I explore the ethnic tension between the Pashtun and Hazara communities and the Pashtun's suppression of the Hazara community. Hosseini advocates for the oppressed Hazara minority in the novel, as a member of the ruling Pashtun community, he unconsciously glorifies his own racial superiority by presenting the Hazara as voiceless and miserable, unable to survive without the aid of the Pashtun community. Regarding Hazaras in the novel, the concept of citizen is not applicable since they are discriminated against and excluded by Sunni extremists in Afghanistan. Sunnis are “privileged,” and this position has created a situation of discrimination and inequality towards the underprivileged Hazaras, and they are denied to have equal rights. Hazaras in Afghanistan are not treated as “citizen subjects,” and they have been living in a stateless condition, full of discrimination, inequality, and mistreatment. To deal with the issues, the internal displacement of Hazara communities and the historical background of refugees in Afghanistan, I have brought the ideas of Derrida, Foucault, Hannah Arendt, Balibar, Hemel, Agamben, Ranciere, as my theoretical tools as well as other references from migration, displacement, and refugee and try to connect the refugee crisis of The Kite Runner in a global spectrum.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Debt and Export on GDP of Nepal: an Empirical Analysis","authors":"Nabindra Lal Karmacharya","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60449","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the intricate relationship between Nepal's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), total debt, and export. Nepal, as a developing nation, faces numerous economic challenges, making it imperative to understand the dynamics of these key economic indicators and their interrelation. This study applies quantitative research methods, including statistical analysis, to examine the long-term trends, patterns, and causal relationships among these variables. The research begins by providing an overview of Nepal's economic landscape, highlighting its reliance on export-oriented industries and the significant impact of external debt on the national economy. A thorough literature review is conducted to identify existing theories and empirical studies related to GDP, total debt, and export, providing a foundation for the subsequent analysis. The study employs time-series data provided by NRB database, covering a significant period of 1975 to 2020 AD, to construct a robust empirical framework. Various econometric techniques, such as correlation analysis, regression models, normality test, are applied to explore the relationship between Nepal's GDP, total debt, and export using EViews 10. The findings of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the economic dynamics in Nepal. The results reveal important insights into the impact of total debt on GDP growth and the role of export in driving economic development. Furthermore, the study uncovers potential feedback effects and spillover mechanisms among these variables, providing policymakers with valuable information for formulating effective economic strategies and debt management policies. Overall, this study sheds light on the complex relationship between Nepal's GDP, total debt, and export, offering valuable insights into the country's economic performance.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Narrative of Abjection and Dissidence: Reading The Voice of Bhumika","authors":"Kumari Lama","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60406","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the narrative of abjection and analyzes the voices of dissent portrayed in Bhumika Shrestha’s autobiography Bhumika: Autobiography of a Transgender (2018). Shrestha is a trans-woman, who suffers due to the established gender concept, normative heterosexuality and encounters consistent criticism, hatred and rejection from the society. Nonetheless, she dares to challenge the established social values and gender austerity. She rejects and resists against the patriarchal gender coding and struggles hard for her identity claim. She has been raising her voice for the rights of sexual and gender minorities since she got associated with Blue Diamond Society. To explore the established idea of gender and abjection, I have analyzed the life experience of Bhumika employing theoretical concept of Judith Butler that sheds light on the discriminatory concept of ‘liveable’ and ‘unliveable’ bodies in terms to sexual orientations.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":"94 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HRD Programs and Employees’ Innovative Behavior in Nepalese Organizations: Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment","authors":"Yogendra Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60447","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the relationship between HRD programs, employees' innovative behavior, and the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the Nepalese organizational context. HRD programs are crucial for improving employees' knowledge, skills, and abilities, which can lead to improved job performance and innovation. Psychological empowerment, which refers to employees' belief in their ability to control their work and make decisions, can be a critical factor in promoting innovative behavior. There were 52984 employees from banking, insurance, and hotel industry as population from which, 607 were taken as sample using disproportionate sampling method. This study has adopted a quantitative research design. It has adopted a descriptive, correlational, and explanatory research design approach. The study has used tools like exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling to explore, confirm, and test the relationships among the variables. This study suggests that HRD programs can influence employees' innovative behavior in both direct and indirect ways by promoting psychological empowerment as well. The findings of this study can help organizations in Nepal design and implement HRD programs that encourage innovation and creativity by promoting psychological empowerment, ultimately leading to improved organizational performance.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":"2 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metal Content in Children Toys","authors":"Anjana Suwal, Meera Prajapati, Ram Charitra Shah","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60448","url":null,"abstract":"The children toys are the most favorable things for children to play. But these children toys are not safe from toxic chemicals too. There is presence of different toxic heavy metals such as mercury, lead, barium, chromium, zinc etc. The standard value for different heavy metals is set up by the government of Nepal that came into effective from July 15, 2017. The standard was set up for the 12 toxic heavy metals as cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, zinc, antimony, arsenic, barium, bisphenol A, bromine, selenium and phthalates. The study was focused on the study of the compliance of toxic heavy metals in children toys with the national standard. For the study total 52 toys were collected from different places of Nepal: Bhaktapur, Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Chitwan, Janakpur and Nepalgunj from the local vendors to the supermarkets. The toys were generally made up of plastic, rubber, metal, foam etc. After the collection and sampling of the toys they were tested in the lab of Nepal Handicraft Association of Nepal Bureau of Standard and Metrology (NBSM) by the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) technology. Among the 52 toys, no any heavy metals were detected in 15 toys and 37 toys were detected with multiple toxic heavy metals. The heavy metals detected in the toys were lead, cadmium, bromine, chromium, zinc and barium. Even most of the detected result is under the compliance it is very serious issue that the non-compliance result of heavy metals like lead is very much more (4688 ppm) than the standard value (90 ppm) in the toy: tortoise. In the same way, 22 children toys have the labelling and rest do not have the labelling. But the labelled children toys don’t have the labelling about the chemical safety. Though the national standard has been formulated the local or the parents themselves are unaware about the toxic heavy metals present in the toys. As well there has raised a big confusion in the standard of the toxic heavy metals as the new standard has been published omitting the standard of the heavy metals as phthalates, BPA, bromine and zinc. Thus, these points should be considered in order to implement the standard effectively and to save the children from the chemical hazards.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Institutional Structure and Economic Growth in Nepal","authors":"Niroj Duwal","doi":"10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60460","url":null,"abstract":"The macroeconomic performances of any countries are influenced by the with institutional structure. This study aims to estimate the effects of capital formation, labor force participation, and basically institutional index of economic freedom; size of government, legal system and property rights, freedom to trade internationally, sound money and regulation on economic performance using time series data from 2001 to 2020 using ARDL model. The results shows that the gross capital formation, the labor force participation rate have positive relation with GNI per capita whereas the legal system and property rights have negative relation with GNI per capita increases. In long run, only the annual growth of gross capital formation has significant relation with GNI per capita growth but rest of the variables are insignificant. It can be concluded that the institutions are less likely efficient. The bureaucratic quality is least effective, doing business is costly due to weak social structure. The existing institutions have not sufficient level of regulations legally. It can be claimed that there is not efficient set of institutional structure which is valid in every country as a good institution in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":110997,"journal":{"name":"Khwopa Journal","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}