Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine最新文献

Transforming sleep medicine: the evolving role of artificial intelligence. 改变睡眠医学：人工智能的演变作用。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000001210

Prakash Banjade, Munish Sharma, Salim Surani

{"title":"Transforming sleep medicine: the evolving role of artificial intelligence.","authors":"Prakash Banjade, Munish Sharma, Salim Surani","doi":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001210","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001210","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Artificial intelligence (AI) is in the era of rapid evolution. Like other healthcare fields, AI has significantly impacted sleep medicine. We aim to explain the evolving role of AI in sleep medicine and provide clinicians with key information related to its benefits and limitations.Recent findings: AI technologies, like machine learning and deep learning, improve the detection of sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, and narcolepsy, through advanced data analysis from tools like polysomnography and consumer sleep devices. AI also enables targeted therapies by endotyping sleep disorders, optimizing patient care, and reducing unnecessary treatments. On the other hand, there are many challenges that need to be addressed before using AI in clinical settings. Ethical issues regarding patient privacy, biases, and transparency regarding data use are some of the key challenges.Summary: AI could transform sleep medicine by enhancing diagnostic accuracy and personalizing treatment plans. Effective collaboration between clinicians and AI experts is necessary to use AI optimally in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":11090,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"571-576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bronchiectasis evaluation 2025: pediatric and adult perspectives. 支气管扩张评估2025：儿童和成人的观点。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000001217

James Tolle, Michael O'Connor

{"title":"Bronchiectasis evaluation 2025: pediatric and adult perspectives.","authors":"James Tolle, Michael O'Connor","doi":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001217","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001217","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: There is a significant overlap between the diagnostic evaluation for adult and pediatric patients with bronchiectasis; however, also important age-specific unique considerations. This review focuses on these specific considerations.Recent findings: Bronchiectasis refers to the radiographic evidence of dilation of distal and proximal bronchi secondary to chronic infection and inflammation. Bronchiectasis can be suspected on plain chest radiograph but is confirmed and detailed through computed tomography (CT) imaging. Several different measures and descriptions of the radiographic findings of bronchiectasis exist, but the most common is a bronchial diameter equal to or greater than an adjacent blood vessel. Consideration for the presence of bronchiectasis begins with recognition of clinical symptoms of suppurative lung disease including persistent sputum producing cough and recurrent respiratory infections. Bronchiectasis etiologies include inherited forms, such as cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia, as well as secondary forms including chronic aspiration as well as certain infections, and immunodeficiency. Up to 40% remain idiopathic even after a comprehensive evaluation.Summary: It is important to start a bronchiectasis evaluation with a broad differential, but secondary testing should focus on etiologies specific to the patient. A thoughtful combination of testing is often required to arrive at an etiology. Patients with bronchiectasis require ongoing monitoring including longitudinal follow-up of respiratory cultures, lung function testing, and repeat CT imaging.","PeriodicalId":11090,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"622-627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding idiopathic hypersomnia: diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management. 了解特发性嗜睡症：诊断、病理生理学和治疗。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000001221

Madeeha Shahzadi, Renee Monderer, Michael J Thorpy

{"title":"Understanding idiopathic hypersomnia: diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management.","authors":"Madeeha Shahzadi, Renee Monderer, Michael J Thorpy","doi":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001221","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001221","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Idiopathic hypersomnia is a chronic and often disabling sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness despite adequate or prolonged nighttime sleep. With recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, this review is timely in addressing evolving approaches to understanding and managing idiopathic hypersomnia, a condition that remains underrecognized and frequently misdiagnosed.Recent findings: Idiopathic hypersomnia is clinically distinct from narcolepsy, lacking REM-related features such as cataplexy and hypnagogic hallucinations. Until recently, treatment options for idiopathic hypersomnia were limited and often off-label. The 2021 FDA approval of low-sodium oxybate (LXB) marked the first medication specifically indicated for idiopathic hypersomnia. Additional agents such as modafinil, pitolisant, and traditional stimulants are used off-label with varying efficacy. Ongoing research is exploring promising treatments, including orexin-2 receptor agonists (e.g. ALKS 2680, ORX-750), serdexmethylphenidate, and flumazenil, which offer new hope for personalized management.Summary: Growing insights into the pathophysiology and clinical features of idiopathic hypersomnia have led to improved diagnostic clarity and therapeutic innovation. These developments carry significant implications for clinical practice, offering hope for better symptom control and quality of life in affected individuals. Ongoing research is crucial for refining treatment strategies and deepening our understanding of this complex condition.","PeriodicalId":11090,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"597-604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obstructive sleep apnea and the gut microbiota - mechanisms and opportunities. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和肠道微生物群-机制和机会。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000001211

Joe Alcock

引用次数: 0

Evolving cystic fibrosis care models in the modulator era. 调节剂时代囊性纤维化护理模式的发展。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000001215

Isaac Martin, Felix Ratjen, Patrick Flume

引用次数: 0

Primary ciliary dyskinesia: clinical manifestations and current diagnostic approaches. 原发性纤毛运动障碍：临床表现和目前的诊断方法。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000001213

Robert J Reklow, Madison J Weir, Sharon D Dell

{"title":"Primary ciliary dyskinesia: clinical manifestations and current diagnostic approaches.","authors":"Robert J Reklow, Madison J Weir, Sharon D Dell","doi":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001213","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001213","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review summarizes the clinical symptoms of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) beginning at birth and current approaches for confirming diagnosis. Strengths and limitations of innovative adjunctive tests to improve detection are discussed, ultimately highlighting the importance of PCD expert networks to develop standardized guidelines and develop a standalone diagnostic tool.Recent findings: PCD is underdiagnosed globally, reflecting overall awareness of this disease and limitations of diagnostic approaches. Over 50 disease-causing genes have been characterized, yet more are discovered each year. No single test can detect all PCD cases, therefore further research is needed to improve clinical options for diagnosis.Summary: PCD is a genetic ciliopathy with serious health complications and impacts on quality of life. Clinical manifestation can vary significantly between individuals, which can delay diagnosis and negatively affect patient outcomes. Current diagnostic tests for PCD require significant resources and training to interpret, and the best-available tests may miss up to 30% of cases. Further work facilitated by expert collaborative networks will be instrumental to develop novel, enhanced diagnostic tools and ultimately improve outcomes for patients.","PeriodicalId":11090,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"635-643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obstructive sleep apnea in pregnancy: emerging insights into maternal and fetal outcomes. 妊娠期阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停：对母体和胎儿结局的新见解。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000001209

Sohaib Ansari, Vesna Buntak, Ghada Bourjeily

{"title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in pregnancy: emerging insights into maternal and fetal outcomes.","authors":"Sohaib Ansari, Vesna Buntak, Ghada Bourjeily","doi":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001209","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001209","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from snoring to complete upper airway collapse and cessation of respiration leading to oxygen desaturation and sleep fragmentation. SDB is highly prevalent in the pregnant population, particularly predisposed to SDB because of physiological changes such as hormonal changes, changes to body habitus, and respiratory mechanics due to the gravid uterus.Recent findings: The disorder has been associated with adverse maternal outcomes in pregnancy such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, impaired glucose metabolism, severe maternal cardiovascular morbidity, and long-term morbidity, as well as maternal mental health conditions with potential societal consequences. There is also mounting evidence on the impact of SDB with regards to the fetal and neonatal outcomes, including preterm birth, altered growth trajectories, and congenital anomalies, as well as evidence of epigenetic changes in the offspring exposed to disordered breathing during sleep.Summary: This review focuses on SDB in pregnancy and recent data demonstrating its impact on maternal morbidity and fetal and neonatal outcomes, and recent guidelines and data on treatment modalities and their impact on pregnancy health.","PeriodicalId":11090,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"613-619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes and correlation with genotype. 原发性纤毛运动障碍的表型及其与基因型的相关性。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000001212

Amjad Horani, Wallace Wee, Heymut Omran, Thomas Ferkol

{"title":"Primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes and correlation with genotype.","authors":"Amjad Horani, Wallace Wee, Heymut Omran, Thomas Ferkol","doi":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001212","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001212","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare, inherited disease, and over 60 genes have been linked to motile ciliopathies. During the past quarter century, our understanding of the complex genetics and biological function of motile cilia has greatly advanced.Recent findings: Our growing knowledge of genetics and pathophysiology of primary ciliary dyskinesia has yielded insights into novel clinical features and genotype-phenotype relationships in motile ciliopathies. Children with biallelic CCDC39 or CCDC40 mutations have greater lung disease, related to both cilia motility-dependent and motility-independent effects. Pathogenic variants in genes involved in cilia generation, like CCNO , are also associated with more severe lung disease. Conversely, people who have defects in other genes, like DHAH11 and RSPH1 , have less severe lung disease, possibly related to residual ciliary motility. Finally, a growing number of primary ciliopathies are associated with abnormal motile cilia ultrastructure and function, and specific pathogenic variants can lead to distinct clinical presentations, best illustrated by structure-function studies in TUBB4B .Summary: These findings have yielded new insights into the clinical heterogeneity of motile ciliopathies, thus broadening their clinical spectrum. Additional research to elucidate the underlying pathophysiology in these overlapping conditions is warranted.","PeriodicalId":11090,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"628-634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. 胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000001208

Danielle A D'Annibale, Mizuho Mimoto, Karen C McCowen, Atul Malhotra

{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.","authors":"Danielle A D'Annibale, Mizuho Mimoto, Karen C McCowen, Atul Malhotra","doi":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001208","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001208","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review highlights the emerging data on the use of incretin therapies, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and dual GLP-1RA and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) receptor agonists, on the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Given known cardiometabolic and neurocognitive consequences of OSA, optimizing treatment is essential. In the setting of widespread research efforts and clinical implementation of dual agonists in managing OSA, obesity and other cardiometabolic diseases, this review is timely.Recent findings: Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have shown GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists to reduce apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and body weight in patients with OSA. This impact has been demonstrated with the use of pharmacotherapy alone and in combination with traditional positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. GLP-1RA may positively affect OSA through reducing systemic inflammation and decreasing adiposity, including via hormone changes, delayed gastric emptying, and central mechanisms impacting appetite regulation and sleep-wakefulness.Summary: Novel pharmacological advances in individuals with OSA and obesity have shown promise in cardiometabolic disease control. Longitudinal follow-up to monitor the efficacy and adverse effects of incretin therapies, and further comparison studies with PAP therapy, are warranted.","PeriodicalId":11090,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"591-596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New anti-infective approaches to treat airway infections in persons with cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. 治疗囊性纤维化和支气管扩张患者气道感染的新抗感染方法。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000001214

Justin Massey, Ghady Haidar, Ryan K Shields, Daria Van Tyne

{"title":"New anti-infective approaches to treat airway infections in persons with cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis.","authors":"Justin Massey, Ghady Haidar, Ryan K Shields, Daria Van Tyne","doi":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001214","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCP.0000000000001214","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis can predispose patients to airway infections that are difficult to treat. The purpose of this review is to discuss recently developed anti-infectives which show promise in treating these infections.Recent findings: The microbiology underlying respiratory tract infections in persons with CF (pwCF) and non-CF bronchiectasis is complex. Both traditional and nontraditional anti-infective approaches have recently been discovered and/or are actively being studied for the treatment of airway infections. Traditional antibiotics, including small molecules/compounds/formulations, and nontraditional methods, such as monoclonal antibodies and bacteriophages, have shown promise in their ability to treat airway infections in case studies, case series, and/or clinical trials.Summary: Several new approaches are currently being developed to better manage airway infections associated with both CF and non-CF bronchiectasis. While many of these new therapies are promising, more studies are needed to assess their safety and efficacy.","PeriodicalId":11090,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"650-657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0