2012 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems最新文献

{"title":"Towards a reliable parallel redundant WLAN black channel","authors":"M. Rentschler, Per Laukemann","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242573","url":null,"abstract":"WLAN according to standard IEEE 802.11 is widely regarded unsuitable as communication channel for real-time and safety applications. Non-determinism and interference liability leads to packet loss, exceeded and variable latency times due to retransmissions. This work proposes a method that compensates such consequences of stochastic channel fading by the parallel operation of diverse wireless channels, applying frequency and space diversity techniques. A fault-tolerant wireless “black channel” is achieved that is able to fulfill soft real-time availability plus providing redundancy. This is realized with standard WLAN components and the “Parallel Redundancy Protocol” (PRP) according to IEC 62439-3. Reliability and performance characteristics are derived from measurements on an experimental setup with SafetyNET p nodes.","PeriodicalId":110610,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems","volume":"301 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116328161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Frame Packing in industrial applications using COTS components","authors":"Jonas Schoch, David Ganz, H. D. Doran, K. Weber","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242557","url":null,"abstract":"Whilst Dynamic Frame Packing (DFP) has been defined in the PROFINET V2.3 standard and despite the fact that there are industrial applications that would derive benefit from the technique there are currently no commercially available controllers that support it. In fact there are currently no commercially available controllers that support PROFINET applications running at cycle-times lower than 250us. In this paper we describe an industry application that implements IRT phase-management, DFP and supports a cycle time of 62.5us whilst using a standard industry controller.","PeriodicalId":110610,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127778724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of end-to-end latency analysis for component-based multi-rate real-time systems in Rubus-ICE","authors":"S. Mubeen, Jukka Mäki-Turja, Mikael Sjödin","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242562","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important activities during the development of multi-rate real-time systems is to analyze the end-to-end timing. In this paper, we discuss the implementation plan and preliminary work regarding the integration of end-to-end latency analysis for component-based multi-rate real-time systems (both in single-node and distributed systems) within the analysis framework of Rubus-ICE. The Rubus-ICE is an existing industrial tool suite for component-based development of distributed real-time embedded systems. Further, we present the implementation methodology to integrate two end-to-end latency semantics, i.e., data age and data reaction within the existing holistic response-time analysis plug-in of Rubus-ICE.","PeriodicalId":110610,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130288927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling multi-switch networks for prompt reconfiguration","authors":"R. Marau, M. Behnam, Z. Iqbal, P. Silva, L. Almeida, P. Portugal","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242571","url":null,"abstract":"Recent trends in distributed embedded systems, such as those found in avionics and trains, have shown an increase in the amount and heterogeneity of the information that needs to be exchanged, together with a growing importance of supporting dynamic reconfiguration and adaptive behaviors. In this paper we focus on Ethernet technologies with real-time reconfiguration support and we address the case of middle-size networking infrastructures with a few switches. We use the FTT-SE protocol with the needed adaptations to support dynamic heterogeneous real-time transactions in multi-hop networks. The paper presents a worst-case response-time analysis that provides timeliness guarantees, improving the results obtained with another previous analysis, decreasing the needed network capacity for guaranteed schedulability by 25% on average. Practical experiments and simulation results validate the proposed approach and analysis.","PeriodicalId":110610,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126580593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating smart cameras into ZigBee","authors":"Felix Schuster, W. Kastner, W. Granzer","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242543","url":null,"abstract":"Up to now, surveillance applications provided by Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) systems have been separated from core Building Automation Systems (BAS). The main reason is that technologies typically used in the field area of BAS provide limited network bandwidth. With the introduction of smart cameras, advanced image and on-the-spot pattern recognition become possible. As a result, it is no longer required to transmit a continuous video stream, since it is sufficient to inform client(s) only in case a suspicious event has happened. Since a simple notification (e.g., an alarm signal or a snapshot of the detected event) needs less network bandwidth, an integration into an existing BAS becomes feasible. Still, current BAS technologies do not provide native support for CCTV applications. For this reason, this paper presents an extension to the ZigBee Home Automation Profile. The feasibility of the proposed concept is underlined by a proof-of-concept implementation.","PeriodicalId":110610,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124307331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Interference caused by uncontrolled traffic sources upon real-time communication in IEEE 802.11-based mesh networks","authors":"Carlos M. D. Viegas, Silvio Sampaio, F. Vasques, P. Portugal, P. Souto","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242541","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we assess the interference caused by external (uncontrolled) traffic sources upon real-time flows in IEEE 802.11-based mesh networks. Through a set of simulations, we assess the impact of external traffic sources by analyzing the end-to-end delay, frame loss ratio and deadline miss ratio as performance metrics for a set of real-time flows. We infer the maximum interfering traffic load that can be supported so that it does not negatively impact upon the behavior of the real-time flows. We highlight that there is a critical threshold load for the network above which the network can no longer reliably support real-time flows.","PeriodicalId":110610,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117313780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of multiple retransmission schemes in IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks","authors":"Odilson T. Valle, Andre V. Milack, C. Montez, P. Portugal, F. Vasques","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242568","url":null,"abstract":"One of the motivations for use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in industrial environments is related to the reduced deployment and maintenance costs, when compared to the use of wired networks for connecting single I/O points. Nevertheless, a well-known problem for the use of wireless communication in industrial environments is related to the unreliable nature of the communication medium. Therefore, the search for communication reliability in WSNs is a relevant topic of research for the scientific community. In this paper we propose an innovative message retransmission scheme, based on network coding techniques, to increase the reliability of message exchanges in industrial environments. The proposed technique: NetCod, that improve the probability of message deliver by allowing the message retransmission whenever a loss occurs is experimentally compared with state of the art techniques: BlockACK, Redundant TDMA and Master/Slave. A comparative experimental assessment of these four techniques was performed using MicaZ motes. Metrics such as: message loss, message transmission delay and power consumption were used to comparatively assess the behavior of these retransmission techniques.","PeriodicalId":110610,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123587342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical layer of a novel broadband low-level fieldbus with discrete multitone","authors":"Thomas Handte, M. Breuninger, Hanns-Thilo Dipl Ing Hagmeyer, J. Speidel","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242564","url":null,"abstract":"We present the physical layer for a broadband low-level fieldbus for industrial applications. Using discrete multitone (DMT) in combination with adaptive modulation, the system is able to deal with arbitrary network topologies as well as with narrowband interferers. Moreover, it can serve a multitude of users with high and user-specific data rates at a very low bit error probability. First, we outline the channel characteristics, and show that DMT provides a highly flexible modulation scheme for such network topologies. We then describe the system concept and provide a block diagram of the transceiver. Additionally, a frame structure is introduced and analyzed regarding all relevant parameters.","PeriodicalId":110610,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123705325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyber-physical systems in factory automation - Towards the 4th industrial revolution","authors":"J. Schlick","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242540","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial production is increasingly driven by megatrends like globalization, product individualization, shorter product life cycles and volatile markets. This means that production equipment and facilities have to be adapted to new products and product variants in less time. On a technical level, major challenges in factory automation are about shorter engineering phases, quicker ramp-up of production lines and connecting technical processes to business processes. Modern information and communication technologies can help to cope with these challenges. Cyber-Physical Systems - Embedded systems with decentralized control intelligence can establish communication through open networks based on internet protocols. This will lead to the replacement of classical hierarchical automation systems by self-organizing cyber physical production systems. In the near future, intelligent products themselves will become an active component within automated manufacturing systems. However, in order to let this vision come true, automation has to converge with IT. Component based automation will help to elevate the signal based point of view, which is a core concept of automation technology since decades to the level of semantic interoperability. Field bus technologies will converge with IP based network technologies opening the way for easy vertical integration. Context aware automation will automatically adapt production and logistics processes to new configuration requirements. Of course open communication and open interaction will lead to security issues that will have to be addressed on more than the technical level. While some of these technological changeovers already have begun, others are still on the level of academic research concepts. The before mentioned developments do have the potential to lead to disruptive changes in the way automation equipment is engineered and utilized. Cyber-physical production systems will drive industrial manufacturing to the digital-age and create technological as well as the organizational basis for the 4th industrial revolution.","PeriodicalId":110610,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129787280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An admission control mechanism to handle real-time traffic in IEEE 802.11 networks in open communication environments","authors":"Robson Costa, P. Portugal, R. Moraes, F. Vasques","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242542","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present an admission control mechanism to handle real-time traffic in IEEE 802.11 networks operating in open communication environments. The proposal is based on a non-preemptive EDF scheduling algorithm, combined with a measurement-based mechanism that assesses blockage times on medium access of real-time stations due to retransmissions and delays. This proposal will be part of the upper layer of the RT-WiFi architecture that was proposed by us in previous works. The main goal is to achieve a better compromise between medium utilization and timeliness.","PeriodicalId":110610,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125351696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}