The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"SNORING AND OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME AS POSSIBLE CAUSES OF AUDITORY AND TUBAL DISORDERS","authors":"N. Miroshnichenko, Natalia A. Pikhtileva","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2021.14(6).46-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2021.14(6).46-50","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Snoring occurs in 20,5% of the population, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome occurs in 5–7% of the population. Primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome contribute to the development of a number of diseases of internal organs, among which impairment of auditory and tubal function seems to be understudied. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and primary snoring on auditory and tubal functions. Material and methods. The study was conducted in two groups: the first group consisted of 30 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and the second group consisted of 50 patients with primary snoring. The control group consisted of 50 observed patients without primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The study protocol included patient questionnaires, examination of oropharyngeal structures, evaluation of auditory function with tonal threshold audiometry and tympanometry. Subgroup assignment was performed after registration of an apnea index of more than 5 episodes per hour. Identified forms of auditory impairment in patients of the study and control groups were processed using StatTech online software with a 95% confidence interval. Results and discussion. The results of the study revealed a statistically significant association between the risk factor (snoring) and the development of tubal dysfunction in both study groups. It was also determined that there were no significant differences in the frequency of hearing loss in the primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnea groups, but when comparing with the control group, it ВЕСТНИК СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ 2021 Том 14, вып. 6 47ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ was found that the proportion of patients with reduced hearing in the study group was significantly higher. Correlation data were obtained between the duration of snoring and the occurrence of auditory and tubal dysfunction, due to which it can be argued that the form and severity of auditory dysfunction is influenced by the duration of snoring, the time of snoring during the sleep period, and the intensity (loudness) of snoring. The results obtained can be explained by long-term combined effects of noise and hypoxia in sleep in this category of patients, as well as by morphological and functional changes in oropharyngeal structures occurring in primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Conclusion. In all cases of chronic tubal dysfunction, especially those accompanied by hearing loss, it is advisable to examine the patient for the presence of snoring and apnea.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131282627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MECHANIZED CLEANING AND DISINFECTION OF SECTIONAL INSTRUMENTS USING ULTRASOUND AS ONE OF THE STAGES OF IMPROVING ANTI-EPIDEMIC MEASURES IN THE BUREAU OF FORENSIC MEDICINE","authors":"D. E. Vasiliev","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2021.14(6).28-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2021.14(6).28-32","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. An analysis of the most time-consuming and dangerous tasks for medical personnel shows that one of them is the cleaning of medical instruments from contamination. The same applies to sectional instruments used in the operations of the Bureau of Forensic Medicine during autopsy of corpses. To solve this problem, mechanized cleaning through the use of ultrasonic cleaners is increasingly applied in global practice. Aim. The aim of the work was to organize the washing and disinfection of sectional instruments by mechanized method using ultrasonic washers and to evaluate the efficiency and quality of instrument cleaning. Material and methods. We analyzed the experience of the Republican Bureau of Forensic Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan in the organization ВЕСТНИК СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ 2021 Том 14, вып. 6 29ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ and provision of washing and disinfection of sectional instruments. We developed basic principles of operation and standard operating procedures for the personnel of thanatology department with regard to mechanized washing and disinfection of sectional instruments in ultrasonic washing. We evaluated the effectiveness of the implemented measures by conducting sanitary and bacteriological examination and by testing the effectiveness of ultrasound treatment of instruments. Results and discussion. Ensuring the safety of personnel working in the expert institution dictates the necessity of mechanization and automation of production processes in the area of cleaning and disinfection of metal instruments. In this regard, standard operating procedures for personnel based on the current regulatory documents were developed and implemented. The effectiveness of the implemented measures was further evaluated. Sanitary and bacteriological studies in the control group (before the implementation of standard operating procedures) revealed E. coli bacteria in 15% of the samples. Staphylococcus aureus was not detected in any of the samples. All samples containing E. coli group bacteria were in the washes taken from the scissors. In the experimental group (after implementation of standard operating procedures), E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were not detected in all samples. When evaluating the efficiency of instrument washing in an ultrasonic washer, 98,33% of SteriTEC indicators for instrument cleaning reached the optimal variant. Conclusion. Thus, the introduction of modern, mechanized methods of instrument processing into the activities of medical and preventive treatment institutions, in particular forensic medicine bureaus, can significantly improve the quality of cleaning and disinfection of metal instruments involved in the performance of examinations. Such innovations must be accompanied by a comprehensive approach in solving sanitary and hygienic problems and be supported by clear guidelines and standard operating procedures for personnel.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130417980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CYTOKINES AS BIOMARKERS OF EOSINOPHILIC INFLAMMATION IN T2 -ENDOTYPE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA","authors":"O. Skorokhodkina","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2021.14(6).68-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2021.14(6).68-75","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The study of pathogenetic mechanisms of eosinophilic inflammation development in bronchial asthma is the basis for the development of an individual approach to the therapy of the disease. Aim. The aim of our research was to study the levels of individual cytokines: TSLP, IL-25, IL-33, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in patients with T2 -endotype bronchial asthma and to conduct a comparative assessment of these parameters in allergic and non-allergic phenotype of the disease. Material and methods. We examined 53 patients with bronchial asthma (18–65 years old; mean age, 41,6 years), including 25 with allergic (group 1) and 28 with nonallergic phenotype of the disease (group 2). The levels of TSLP, IL-25, IL-33, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum were investigated in 30 patients by multiplex analysis. Statistical processing was performed using Microsoft Office Excel software package (2019). Results and discussion. The clinical features of the course of bronchial asthma in the patients of the studied groups are presented. High level of absolute eosinophil ВЕСТНИК СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ 2021 Том 14, вып. 6 69ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ С овременные представления о механизмах формирования воспаления при бронхиаль- ной астме (БА) позволяют рассматривать ее как гете- рогенное заболевание, проявляющееся различными фенотипами, многие из которых можно выделить в клинической практике. При этом под фенотипами БА понимаются узнаваемые кластеры демографи- ческих, клинических и/или патофизиологических характеристик БА, которые являются результатом взаимодействия генов пациента с окружающей средой [1, 2]. Таким образом, в настоящее время выделяют несколько фенотипов БА: аллергическая, неаллергическая, БА с поздним дебютом, БА у лиц с ожирением и БА у лиц с фиксированной обструк- цией дыхательных путей [3]. Однако фенотипы бронхиальной астмы не всегда дают представления о подлежащих патогенетических механизмах. Эти механизмы лучше всего описываются эндотипами заболеваний. Эндотип заболевания – это молеку- лярная основа фенотипов, определяемая уникаль- ными функциональными или патофизиологическими механизмами. В настоящее время в зависимости от характера воспаления, развивающегося в слизистой оболочке бронхов, различают T 2 -эндотип БА, при котором формируется эозинофильный тип воспа- ления, не-Т 2 -эндотип характеризуется нейтрофиль- ным, малогранулоцитарным типами воспаления [1, 2]. При этом более чем у половины пациентов с БА наблюдается Т2 -эндотип заболевания, в фор- мировании которого принимают участие клетки как адаптивного (Th 2 -лимфоциты), так и врожденного (ILC2-клетки) иммунитета. Известно, что аллерге- ны, попадая на эпителий слизистых дыхательных путей, индуцируют синтез тимического стромаль- ного лимфопоэтина (TSLP), IL-25, IL-33 и развитие гуморального иммунного ответа с активацией Th2 - лимфоцитов, которые синтезируют в последующем IL-4, IL-13 и IL-5. В свою очередь, неспецифические агенты, такие как табачный дым, поллютанты, микро- организмы, про","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131664684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHANGES OF FACTORS OF NON-SPECIFIC PROTECTION OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN CHILDREN WITH GINGIVITIS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE USE OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND BENTONITE CLAY","authors":"O. P. Galkina, David A. TER-POGOSYAN, Kemran D. Ablaev, Kemal D. Ablaev","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2021.14(6).33-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2021.14(6).33-37","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The prevention and treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease in children remains a topical issue in dentistry. This is due to the increasing prevalence of this disease in the early age groups. Remission periods of diseases in children are short. Therefore, treatment and preventive measures of periodontal tissue diseases in this population should be primarily focused on the regulation of nonspecific protection system at the local level. The components of the system are secretory immunoglobulin A, lysozyme and modified albumin. Using means of natural origin as regulators will allow to optimize treatment regimens and reduce allergic reactions. Aim. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of the complex for applications to the gingiva, consisting of means of natural and mineral origin of the Crimean deposit, in the regulation of local oral immunity in children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Material and methods. Twenty-eight children aged 11–12 years with moderate chronic catarrhal gingivitis were examined. The control group consisted of 12 healthy children of the same age. We used applications of phytopreparations on the gingiva in the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis daily for 20 minutes, No 10. Complex for applications was essential oils of peppermint, pine, fennel, eucalyptus (1:1:1:1) on the basis of bentonite clay (10:1). Clinical and laboratory parameters were determined in the dynamics. Statistical processing was performed using the standard method of variation statistics. Comparison of the mean indices was conducted using Student’s t-criterion. Differences were considered reliable at p<0,05. Results and discussion. The criterion for the effectiveness of treatment was the positive dynamics of paraclinical indices (p<0,001). Indicators of oral dysbiosis decreased and reached values of oral microbiocenosis of healthy children. The content of sIgA increased 1,8 times (p<0,001). The level of salivary lysozyme activity increased 1,7 times (p<0,001) and reached normal values. The concentration of modified albumin decreased 1,6-fold. Conclusion. Inclusion of applications of the combination of essential oils based on bentonite clay of the Crimean deposit into the plan of treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children contributes to a pronounced relief of the signs of inflammation in the gingiva. The proposed complex has a pathogenetic orientation in the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis, which is confirmed by the pronounced dynamics of nonspecific immunity parameters.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131938851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPECIFICS OF THE STATE OF MYOCARDIUM AND PROFIBROTIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERTENSIVE HEART","authors":"E. G. Mutalova, Makhmud M. M. Alfukakha","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2021.14(6).51-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2021.14(6).51-57","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Myocardial damage caused by arterial hypertension is manifested by changes in myocardial geometry and mass, as well as increased content of collagen and fibrous tissue in the myocardium. Excessive accumulation of collagen in myocardium is the result of imbalance between proteolytic enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases 1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMMP-1), high content of transforming growth factor β1 (TFG-β1), which was found in fibroblasts and macrophages. Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of MMP-1 activation, its tissue inhibitor TIMMP-1 and TGF-β1 in blood in the development of myocardial fibrosis in locomotive train workers with arterial hypertension. Material and methods. 82 patients with arterial hypertension and 20 virtually healthy control subjects were examined. The patients of the analyzed groups underwent evaluation of the data of daily blood pressure monitoring, echocardiographic examination, based on which the types of left ventricular remodeling, the content of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and its tissue inhibitor activity, the level of transforming growth factor β1 in blood serum were identified. Calculation of the volume fraction of interstitial collagen was performed. Results and discussion. The study established statistically significant signs of structural changes in the left ventricular myocardium, which primarily indicated its marked left ventricular hypertrophy against the background of arterial hypertension due to chronic pressure overload. Statistically significant increase of all levels of serum markers of collagen metabolism was revealed in patients with arterial hypertension in comparison with the control group. Patients with arterial hypertension have a restructuring of the intercellular matrix components and imbalance in the MMP-1/TIMMP-1 system characterized by a shift of the collagen balance towards fibrosis (increase of THF-β1, TIMMP-1 level, decrease of MMP-1/TIMMP-1 52 ВЕСТНИК СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ 2021 Том 14, вып. 6ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ratio and increase of interstitial collagen volume fraction). Significant increase of interstitial collagen volume fraction index in the group of patients with arterial hypertension comparing to the control group also indirectly indicates high intensity of interstitial collagen genesis in myocardium of these patients. Conclusion. In arterial hypertension, serum levels of THF-β1, MMP-1, and TIMMP-1 increase, which indirectly indicates an increase in myocardial collagen content.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115060081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OPTION FOR PATIENTS WITH CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS","authors":"I. Sayfutdinov, D. M. Krasilnikov, L. Slavin, R. Khayrullin, R. T. Zimagulov, M. Panasyuk","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2021.14(6).58-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2021.14(6).58-67","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. When using traditional endoscopic methods of choledocholithiasis treatment, the issues related to the remaining high risk of post manipulative complications remain unsolved. The priority task is the development of new methods of endoscopic treatment, which will prevent the development of postoperative complications. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal treatment option based on the comparative analysis of different ways of endoscopic interventions in patients with choledocholithiasis. Material and methods. The paper presents the outcomes of endoscopic interventions in 127 patients with choledocholithiasis. Of them 84 patients composed the main group in which choledocholithiasis treatment was performed according to the original method including two operative stages. On the first one we performed partial papillotomy, temporary stenting of common bile duct (in 100%) and main pancreatic duct (in 45%), and papillotomy over the stent to the muscular layer of Oddi sphincter. On the second one after 2–4 days the biliary stent was removed, lithoextraction was performed along with bile duct restenting. Pancreatic and biliary stents were removed after 24 hours and 3–8 weeks respectively. A comparison group was composed of 43 patients who underwent endoscopic surgeries by the classical well-known methods. Results and discussion. The analysis showed that the differences in the groups with classical method of choledocholithiasis endoscopic treatment (CMCLET) and original method of choledocholithiasis endoscopic treatment (OMCLET) between the levels of «Average number of surgeries per patient» (2,05 surgeries ranging from 1 to 4 for CMCLET versus 2,41 surgeries ranging from 2 to 5 for OMCLET; p=0,0176) and «Duration of hospitalization» (10,4 days to 8,95 days; p=0,0377), there was an inverse relationship between the number of surgeries and duration of hospitalization, which was largely due to different levels of the rate of early postoperative complications (p=0,0005). Twenty times higher blood amylase levels in the main group compared to the reference values did not lead to the development of acute pancreatitis, the incidence of which was 7 times lower in the comparison group (p=0,001). Conclusion. Comprehensive study of the outcomes of endoscopic treatment in patients with choledocholithiasis using different variants of interventions has shown convincing superiority of the original method of surgical aid.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130011334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPECIFICS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS OF LOCOMOTIVE CREW WORKERS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION","authors":"Makhmud M. M. Alfukakha, E. G. Mutalova","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2021.14(6).15-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2021.14(6).15-21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Arterial hypertension is one of the most important problems of modern cardiology. Recently, special attention has been paid to the problem of early diagnosis and prevention of treatment of arterial hypertension in workers whose working conditions are associated with a stress-inducing factor causing psycho-emotional tension. Aim. Evaluation of psychological status in employees of locomotive crews with arterial hypertension was the aim of our study. Material and methods. 152 men working in the locomotive crews [mean age (43,2±5,1) years], including 88 patients with hypertension (main group) and 64 persons with normal blood pressure (comparison group) were examined. We performed anthropometric study with assessment of such parameters as waist circumference (cm), hip circumference (cm), calculated the ratio of body fat/hip, determined the parameters of lipidogram, blood insulin concentration, immunoreactive insulin, uric acid, and calculated the NOMA-IR index of insulin resistance. We used Spielberger–Hanin Scale, PSM 25 psychological stress scale, Internal Minute test, Reeder Scale of Psychological Stress, and DS-14 personality type diagnostic questionnaire to evaluate psycho-emotional status. The data were processed using standard statistical methods with Statistica 10 program, Microsoft Excel 2010. The differences were considered statistically significant at p<0,05. Results and its discussion. Changes in the indicators of psychological status, indicating a decrease in stress resistance and the development of stress reactivity, were revealed. Among patients with arterial hypertension there was a significantly higher proportion of individuals with a high level of personal anxiety, with a higher level of stress compared to the group of individuals without arterial hypertension. Conclusion. Patients with arterial hypertension working in locomotive crews are characterized by the presence of psychological status disorders, which are manifested by a high level of personal anxiety, stress, the development of «distressor» personality type D, and reduced stress tolerance. The degree of psychological disorders correlates with increased blood pressure level, age, and duration of stress factor exposure.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125002655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEPARTMENTAL MEDICAL SERVICE OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IS 100 YEARS OLD","authors":"Rustem Sh . Khisamiev, D. R. Sultanova, R. Khalitov, Viktor V. Frolov, N. B. Amirov","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2021.14(5).7-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2021.14(5).7-13","url":null,"abstract":"The article reflects the historical aspects of the development of the medical service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Tatarstan. The operation of the unit, including the functioning of all subdivisions, is described. The organization of activities on medical service provision at large-scale sporting events of international level is disclosed. The strategic goals of the institution and directions for increasing the quality and availability of medical care in the near future are determined. The article also gives a set of preventive measures taken by the medical unit in the fight against a new coronavirus infection.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126927700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR ISCHEMIC STROKE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS","authors":"I. S. Babakhanov","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2021.14(5).22-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2021.14(5).22-27","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the third leading cause of long-term disability in adults. In law enforcement officers, stress may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease, exacerbating a number of stroke risk factors. Aim. Study of prevalence and identification of leading risk factors for ischemic stroke in law enforcement workers. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of case records of patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation, acute insufficiency of cerebral circulation and transient ischemic attack who received treatment in the Republican Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan from 2016 to 2020 (n=1864) was performed. Of these, 225 case records of patients with a concomitant diagnosis of ischemic stroke [(12,07±2,2)%] were selected. We studied such pathological conditions as transient ischemic attack, hypertensive cerebral crisis and chronic forms of cerebrovascular disease as risk factors for stroke. Results and discussion. We found that there were 81 [(36,0±3,2)%] cases of cerebrovascular disease among the 225 examinees, including 64 [(28,44±2,9)%] established and 17 [(7,56±3,6)%] probable cases of cerebrovascular disease. Acute forms of cerebrovascular disease often occurred together with chronic forms. (6,98±3,2)% of patients aged 40–54 years (n=129) and (17,70±3,9)% of patients aged 55–65 years (n=96) had discirculatory encephalopathy. There was a total of 6 cases of transient ischemic attack [(2,67±1,4)%] in the patients examined, of which 2 cases [(0,89±1,2)%] were «definite» and 4 cases [(1,78±0,9)%] were «possible». The overall prevalence of transient ischemic attack in patients was (2,67±1,4)%. In 75,0% of the cases detected, transient ischemic attacks were registered predominantly once. Out of the total number of all detected cases of transient ischemic attack, 4 (66,67%) cases were registered for the first time upon history taking. Arterial hypertension was registered in 198 of 225 [(88,0±2,1)%] patients examined. Hypertensive crisis during ischemic stroke was detected in 14 of 225 patients (6,22% of all patients examined) and in (17,68±2,7)% of patients with arterial hypertension (34 patients). Additionally, there were 15 [(6,67±3,83)%] cases of hypertensive cerebral crisis: 5 (2,22%) established cases of hypertensive cerebral crisis and 10 [(4,44±2,80)%] «possible» cases. Conclusion. A comprehensive study of the clinical features, course, and complications of ischemic stroke will allow us to develop new approaches to solve the urgent research problem, which is the management strategy to be applied to patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115518395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR HUMAN HEALTH","authors":"D. Safina, S. Abdulkhakov, N. B. Amirov","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2021.14(5).81-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2021.14(5).81-94","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the importance and role of the gut microbiota in human health maintaining and its composition violations in various diseases. Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze the up-to-date literature on the intestinal microbiota, its composition, role and functions in maintaining human health, as well as on the factors affecting the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Material and methods. An analytical review of published studies on the intestinal microbiota was conducted. Results and discussion. The development of new metagenomic methods for studying the microbiota has led to a fundamental breakthrough in the advancement of ideas about its role, composition and functions in the human body. Despite significant differences in the composition of the gut microbiota in healthy people, the microbiota of a healthy person remains relatively stable throughout life; its composition is influenced by a number of factors: mode of delivery, age, geographic area of residence, genetic characteristics of the person, consumption of related drugs, diet, and others. Treatment with antibiotics may also lead to pronounced changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Other adverse events of antibiotic therapy may include the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria; resistance may be due to the presence of genes encoding resistance factors to antibacterial drugs. Conclusion. Thus, the gut microbiota plays a tremendous role in maintaining human health and the development of a number of diseases.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115113165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}