The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF THE GENERAL MORBIDITY AMONG RURAL RESIDENTS LIVING IN REGION SPECIALIZING IN HORTICULTURAL AND COTTON GROWING","authors":"O. Kamilov, R. Kamilova, Ernazar Navruzov","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2022.15(2).28-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(2).28-35","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The trends study of morbidity allows to develop the strategies to eliminate inequalities in health between residents of rural areas, specialized on different sectors of agriculture. Aim. Comparative assessment and analysis of long-term dynamics of general morbidity among rural residents of horticultural and cotton-growing regions. Material and methods. We conducted analysis the data of statistical reporting of two five-year periods (2007-2011 and 2014-2018). Systematically evaluated database of Sanitation, Epidemiology and Health care Departments of Tashkent Province included the morbidity of adult residents living in Bostanlyk (horticultural) and Chinaz (cotton growing) regions. The analysis of the general morbidity was carried out according to ICD-10. Results and discussion. Dynamic obser- vations shown an increase of 6 leading classes of diseases (III, IV, IX, X, XI and XIV) in the cotton-growing region in 2014-2018 compared to 2007-2011 (78,3 ± 0,15 against 86,4 ± 0,12%; р < 0,001). The morbidity rates of the 14 classes of diseases out of 17 registered were almost 2 times higher in the cotton growing region than in the horticultural region (р < 0,05-0,001). Comparative analysis of the results in long-term dynamics show to a decrease in the general morbidity which is more pronounced in the horticultural region. The revealed correlation between the general morbidity in 15 classes of diseases with the volume of mineral fertilizers and pesticides used had a high level in the cotton-growing region. Conclusion. The results of this kind of research make it possible to timely identify trends in the spread of dis- eases, the reasons for the prevalence of certain classes of diseases and develop preventive measures. In our opinion the decrease of morbidity rate in the studied regions - is the result of the ongoing large-scale reforms in the health care system in the rural areas including a program to reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116151817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PORTRAIT OF A PATIENT WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE PHENOTYPE WITHOUT FREQUENT EXACERBATIONS","authors":"E. Kulik, V. Pavlenko, S. Naryshkina","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).62-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).62-67","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. According to current data, the COPD phenotype without frequent exacerbations is frequently encountered and requires close attention. However, in the course of a literary search, it was possible to find only isolated scientific works with a generalized description of the features of this phenotype. Aim. The aim of the study is to compile a typical clinical portrait of a patient with the COPD phenotype without frequent exacerbations based on the analysis of clinical, laboratory and functional parameters. Material and methods. The study included 45 patients aged 57.2±1.1 years with a diagnosis of COPD without frequent exacerbations in age. In all patients, the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein in blood serum was determined by immunoferment analysis. Results and discussion. Males (93.3%) with a smoker index of 33.7± 2.5 packs/years and a disease duration of more than 10 years dominated the studied cohort. The average score on the CAT test was 10.32±0.05 points, on the mMRC scale more than two points. The post - bronchodilation value of FEV1 corresponded to the average severity of obstructive disorders in 91.1% of individuals. Among the examined patients, persons with bronchitic type of COPD predominated (53.3%). The concentration of inflammatory biomarkers determined in the blood serum significantly exceeded the levels of the reference values. Also, patients with COPD with the studied phenotype was found to have low adherence to treatment and dispensary observation and late visit to the doctor. Conclusions. The obtained results of the study made it possible to draw up a clinical portrait of the patient with the COPD phenotype without frequent exacerbations.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131350886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF CULTUROMA OF THE DISCHARGE OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT AND THE CONTENTS OF THE COLON IN PATIENTS WITH ATOPIC DERMATITIS","authors":"A. Zhestkov, A. Lyamin, O. O. Pobezhimova","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).17-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).17-25","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of the study is to study the species diversity of the microflora of the discharge of the nose, oropharynx and the contents of the colon in atopic dermatitis. Material and methods. The study included 80 patients with atopic dermatitis. Patients are divided into 3 groups depending on the severity of AD (Focusing on the SCORAD scale). The patients underwent collection of biomaterials from the oral and nasal cavities and intestines. Sowing of the material was carried out on an extended list of nutrient media. As a result of the MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry on the Microflex LT (Bruker, Germany), the resulting microorganisms were recognized by direct and extended deposition using formic acid. Results and discussion. When seeding feces patients from all groups, statistically significant differences were revealed for the following microorganisms, depending on the severity: Enterococcus faecium (61%), Streptococcus anginosus (16.7%), Parabacteroides distasonis (22.2%) were found in remission; at the stage of exacerbation with exacerbation of atopic dermatitis in the form of a limited form - Enterococcus faecalis (39.3%), Lactobacillus fermentum (16.1%), Streptococcus parasanguinis (9%);with a common form of exacerbation, Klebsiella pneumonia (50%), Klebsiella oxytoca (50%), Enterococcus mundtii (16.7%), Echerichia vulneris (16.7%), Lactobacillus salivarius (83.3%), Raoultella ornithinolytica(16.7%), Enterococcus avium (50%), Enterobacter asburie (16.7%), Citr obacter braaki (33.3%), Bacteroides vulgates (33.3%), Bifidobacterium adolescentis(16.7%), Enterococcus durans (16.7%), Lactobacillus crispatus (16.7%), Corynebacterium amycolatum (33.3%), Streptococcus sanguinis (16.7%). Inoculation of oropharyngeal discharge from patients with atopic dermatitis revealed statistically significant differences for the following microorganisms, depending on the severity: Streptococcus australis (11.1%) was detected in remission; in the stage of exacerbation with a limited form of atopic dermatitis, Rothia mucalaginosa (19.6%), Streptococcus saliverius (39.3%) were identified; in the stage of exacerbation with a widespread form of atopic dermatitis, Streptococcus anginosus (16.7%;), Candida albicans (33.3%), Streptococcus gordonii (16.7%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (16.7%), Neisseria oralis (33.3%), Corynebacterium amycolatum (16.7%), Kocuria rhizophila (33.3%), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (16.7%). Inoculation of nasal discharge from patients with atopic dermatitis revealed statistically significant differences for the following microorganisms, depending on the severity: Staphylococcus haemolyticus (16.7%), Staphylococcus lugdunensis (11.1%), Staphylococcus copitis (11.1%) were found in remission. At the stage of exacerbation with a widespread form of atopic dermatitis, Proteus mirabilis (16.7%), Streptococcus vestibularis (16.7%), Streptococcus sobrinus (16.7%), Staphylococcus warneri (16.7%), Corynebacterium coyleae (16.7%), Lactobacillus plantarum (16.7%). ","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132241623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ROLE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE UNFAVORABLE OUTCOME OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE","authors":"L. M. Karzakova, Evgeniya P. Alekseeva, S. Kudryashov, N. Zhuravleva, N. D. Ukhterova, Natalia P. Andreeva","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).52-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).52-61","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of the research was to study the role of immunological mechanisms in the unfavorable outcome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Material and methods. The research included 116 patients hospitalized in 2005-2006 in the pulmonology department of patients with the exacerbation of mild and moderate COPD. Research protocol: general clinical and special (immunological) methods of examination were performed in patients with COPD. Instrumental research methods included: spirography, ECG, EchoCG, fibrobronchoscopy, chest X-ray. After diagnostic bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar fluid (BAF) was taken for cytological and immunological examination. On the first and second days of inpatient treatment, patients underwent immunological studies: immunophenotyping of mononuclear cells (MNC), assessment of phagocytic activity of leukocytes (latex test, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test) in blood and BAF, determination of the content of immunoglobulins in blood serum and BAF, study of cytokine levels in blood serum, BAF and MNC culture supernatant under conditions of their spontaneous production and activation in the mitogen-stimulated (phytohemagglutinin \"Difco\" 5 mg/ml) proliferation. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program. In 2020, the long-term survival of COPD patients was assessed. The cohort of patients was divided into two groups. Survivors were included in the first group (n=44), and patients who died by 2020 were included in the other group (n=72). The retrospective comparison of the studied indicators was determined at the time of COPD exacerbation in 2005- 2006 in these patient groups. Results and discussion. In the surviving patients, the BAF cytogram was distinguished by the higher macrophage content and the increased number of NBT-positive cells in this population with the reduced neutrophil content in both blood and BAF. The deceased had elevated levels of IgM and IgA in the blood serum and BAF. The results of the study of cytokine production in MNC cultures in vitro indicate that the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in the conditions of spontaneous cytokine production was higher in the deceased compared with the indicators of the surviving patients. This fact indicates the polarization of the immune response of the deceased in the direction of the cell type mediated by Th1 cells, which is confirmed by the peculiarities of the BAF cytokine profile in the deceased – the significant increase in the value of IFN-γ/IL-4 relative to the indicators in the survivors. Conclusion. The unfavorable outcome of COPD is associated with the increase in the number of neutrophil cells in BAF, in the blood, with the predominance of Th1-type activation of adaptive immunity at the local level and activation of both cellular and humoral mechanisms of adaptive immunity at the systemic level. The increased activity of innate immunity in COPD exacerbation, manifested by the increase in the number and metabolic activity of mac","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132249916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HYPERURICEMIA: CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES, CARDIOVASCULAR RISK, MODERN APPROACH TO THERAPY","authors":"N. B. Amirov, A. Y. Naumova, Renat G. Fatykhov, R. Amirova","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).95-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).95-106","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In recent decades, increased attention has been paid to hyperuricemia due to the widespread prevalence of this pathology in the population (16.8%), the presence of a connection with the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, as well as the variety of its clinical consequences. Aim. A review of current data on the causes of hyperuricemia, clinical aspects, the effect of hyperuricemia on cardiovascular risk, and the current view of therapy, including asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Material and methods. The review carried out topical medical publications in foreign and domestic literature on this issue, accumulated at the present time. Results and discussion. An increase in uric acid level can occur as a result of inaccuracies in the diet, taking certain medications, impaired excretion of uric acid due to impaired renal function and other reasons. Hyperuricemia is the main cause of gout, which can manifest itself as acute gouty arthritis, chronic topical arthritis, urate nephropathy, and other diseases. Modern research shows that an increase in serum uric acid concentration is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Acting as an independent predictor of arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease. Treatment with xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol, febuxostat) can affect hyperuricemia, gout, and various forms of ischemic and vascular damage. As evidence of the efficacy of urate-lowering therapy remains controversial, these drugs are not currently indicated for routine prophylactic treatment in patients without gout symptoms. In 2018, specialists in the field of hyperuricemia proposed an algorithm for the management of patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. However, the algorithm is not recommended for everyday practice due to further research's need to verify it. Conclusion. Classic manifestations of hyperuricemia such as gout and kidney damage remain the main indications for urate-lowering therapy. At the same time, the increased cardiovascular risk in hyperuricemia, proven by numerous studies, requires special attention in treating patients with comorbid pathology. Diet and lifestyle changes remain an integral part of therapy. The final decision on the need for pharmacological treatment of patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia with xanthine oxidase inhibitors is made individually. The development of algorithms and indications for the appointment of urate-lowering therapy continues. Recommendations for drug therapy for hyperuricemia are only possible after large, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trials.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130283560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IRON METABOLISM IN DISSEMINATED PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AND PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION","authors":"E. Yakovleva","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).88-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).88-94","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The main disease that complicates HIV is Pneumocystis pneumonia. It often requires differential diagnosis with tuberculosis. Aim. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical features and main indicators of iron metabolism in HIV infection with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia and to identify potential differential diagnostic markers of tuberculosis. Material and methods. The study included two groups of patients with HIV infection: 42 patients with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis and 44 patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia. The clinical and laboratory data was carried out, the main indicators of iron metabolism were determined: iron concentration, hepcidin, ferritin. Statistical data processing was performed using the MedCalc 19.2.6 statistical software. Results and discussions. In the group of patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia, the proportion of patients with a severe condition is greater, the level of CD4-lymphocytes is significantly lower - 5 times less than in tuberculosis (p <0.001). Statistically significant differences between the groups were found for hepcidin and serum. The median for hepcidin is 1.4 times higher in group 1 than in group 2 (p <0.001), for serum - 1.5 times less in group 1 than in group 2 (р<0,001). In patients with HIV and pulmonary dissemination, a higher probability of tuberculosis was revealed with hepcidin more than 13810 pg/ml (sensitivity 80.95%, specificity 75%, ROC AUC 0.854) and with an iron concentration less than 10 μmol / L (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 59.1%, ROC AUC 0.733). Conclusion. When examining patients with HIV infection and pulmonary dissemination syndrome who have a common anamnesis, clinical and radiological, laboratory data and a high degree of suspicion of tuberculosis, it was established by the analysis of ROC curves that the peptide hormone hepcidin has the greatest practical value for its further comprehensive study as a potential and a promising marker for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125211305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ONGOING SYMPTOMATIC COVID-19 – PHARMACOTHERAPY POSSIBILITIES","authors":"A. A. Zaitsev, Nina A. Ternovskaya, Ekaterina A. Chelan, I. Kulagina, Yuri A. Sidorov, V. I. Likhodiy","doi":"10.20969/VSKM.2022.15(1).26-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/VSKM.2022.15(1).26-33","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The medical community continues to search for modern methods of treating the ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 and post-COVID syndrome. Among all symptoms of ongoing symptomatic COVID-19, respiratory disorders are the most challenging and leading not only to impaired quality of life, but also to patient's disability. Thus, it seems relevant to study various options for the treatment of ongoing symptomatic COVID-19, including drugs with adaptogenic effects. Aim. The aim of the study was to seek the effects of the drug Trecresan on the recovery of patients who had COVID-19 (reduction of the severity of asthenia, restoration of lung function and other indicators) in comparison with standard (real practice) therapy of patients who incurred a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. To evaluate and conduct a comparative analysis of the safety of the treatment regimens used for \"ongoing symptomatic COVID-19\" with patients who have moderate and severe case of a new coronavirus infection. Material and methods. The study included 103 patients with ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 who were hospitalized in a pulmonology department. The first group included 53 patients who were treated with the drug Trecresan, the 2nd group included 50 patients. During the examination of patients, the following was performed: A comprehensive study of lung function, including the designation of the diffusion capacity of the lungs - DLCO, the level of SpO2 (saturation), a 6-minute walking test, an assessment asthenia severity on the MFI-20 (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory) scale. The clinical efficiency of complex therapy was analyzed after 8-10 days of treatment. The endpoints necessary for subsequent analysis were the timing of COVID-19 symptoms resolution (severity of asthenia, performance, etc.) and adverse events developed during treatment. Results and discussion. The inclusion of the drug Trekrezan in the treatment of patients with ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 led to an improvement in overall well-being. There was a significant decrease in the severity of asthenia on the MFI-20 scale, a statistically significant decrease in the degree of shortness of breath and improvement in the patient’s quality of life were revealed, a decrease in the inpatient period was noted. Conclusion. It has been established that medium-term therapy using the adaptogen Trekrezan with patients with ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 and post-COVID syndrome reduces the severity of symptoms of the disease, increases exercise tolerance, reduces the severity of asthenia on the MFI-20 scale, reduces the inpatient period.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116663832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MAIN TRENDS OF TOBACCO SMOKING AMONG RUSSIAN TEENAGERS FOR 20 YEARS OF THE XXI CENTURY","authors":"Elena S. Skvortsova, N. P. Lushkina","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).76-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).76-87","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. To this day, the problem of tobacco smoking among the population remains relevant throughout the world. Since the majority of smokers (about 90%) acquire this habit before the age of 18, WHO believes that special attention should be paid to protecting the younger generation from smoking and the harmful effects of tobacco. For this, it is necessary to conduct research to study the behavior of school-age children. Aim. The aim is to identify the main trends of tobacco smoking among urban teenagers-schoolchildren in the Russian Federation for the period from 1999-2000, 2010-2011 and 2019-2020. Material and methods. A sample of adolescents in each subject of the Russian Federation was formed by multi-stage selection with alternating typological, random and continuous examination. In 1999-2000, 12912 urban teenagers were interviewed, of which 5939 boys and 6973 girls, in 2010-2011 - 15323, of which 6961 boys and 8362 girls, in 2019-2020 - 14084 teenagers, of which 6535 boys and 7549 girls. Statistical development of materials was carried out using the computer program \"Risk factors\". The Pearson criterion 2 was used to calculate the statistical significance of the differences in indicators. Results and discussion. During the period under review, the prevalence of smoking and daily smoking tended to decrease, both among boys (4.5 times) and among girls (3.2 times). At the same time, if the prevalence of boys who smoked over girls also decreased and by 2019-2020 the proportion of boys and girls who smoked was equal, then among teenagers who smoked daily, the proportion of boys remained, as before, higher than the proportion of girls (1,2 times). The proportion of teenagers who smoked for reasons of emerging addiction (\"like\", \"out of habit\", \"I can't quit\") tended to increase, both among boys and girls. During the period under review, the motive of the first smoking test \"curiosity\", both boys and girls, retained its primacy. The age interval for introducing urban teenagers- schoolchildren to tobacco smoking has not changed either (from 10 years to 17 years inclusive). However, the \"peak\" of initiation to smoking in boys moved from the age range up to 10 years inclusive in 1999-2000 and, starting from 2010-2011. and in 2019-2020, for the age range of 13-14 years, for girls, the age range of 13-14 years retained its position as the \"peak\" of initiation to smoking. Conclusion. A comparative analysis showed a significant decrease in the prevalence of smoking among urban teenage schoolchildren in the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"23 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123243421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ROLE OF POLYMORPHISM OF THE MDR1 GENE FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN PAIN SYNDROME","authors":"Zafar B. Abdashimov","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).139-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).139-144","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the key roles in the excretion of a number of drugs, in particular nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs, has a transport protein glycoprotein P, encoded by the MDR1 gene. In this connection, the influence of genetic polymorphism of glycoprotein P on the pharmacokinetics of these drugs contributes to the prediction of clinical consequences. Aim. The aim of the current study was to study the associations of polymorphic markers C1236T and C3435T of the MDR1 gene encoding glycoprotein P with the development of undesirable drug reactions in patients with pain syndrome. Material and methods. The study included 69 patients with pain syndrome and were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence of adverse drug reactions: NLR+ - 20 patients and NLR - - 49 patients with pain syndrome. The association of the polymorphic marker C3435T of the MDR1 gene was also studied among 22 patients with adverse drug reactions (ADR+) and 47 patients with pain syndrome without the presence of adverse drug reactions (ADR-). Molecular genetic studies were carried out on the basis of the Laboratory of medical genetics of NIIG and the PC of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Results and discussion. During the genotyping, it was found that the occurrence of alleles and genotypes of the polymorphic marker C3435T of the MDR1 gene had significantly significant differences among the patients of the examined groups, depending on adverse drug reactions. Conclusion. The association of the polymorphic marker C3435T of the MDR1 gene with the development of undesirable drug reactions in pain syndrome, the TT genotype and the T allele may be genetic risk factors (OR=4.0 and 8.25; 95% CI 1.78-9.09 and 2.56-26.57, respectively) predisposing to the development of undesirable drug reactions in patients with pain syndrome. Therefore, further study is necessary in order to carry out genotyping of the polymorphic marker C3435T of the MDR1 gene to increase the effectiveness and safety of therapy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116932262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS OVEREXPRESSING GLIAL NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR ON THE STATE OF MICROGLIA AND ASTROCYTES IN TRANSGENIC MICE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE MODEL","authors":"E. Petukhova, Y. Mukhamedshina, A. Timofeeva, A. Rizvanov, M. Mukhamedyarov","doi":"10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).68-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(1).68-75","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive functions. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and one of the main causes of disability in older people. Neuroinflammation is an important factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The neuroinflammatory reaction observed in Alzheimer's disease is primarily caused by resident immune cells of the central nervous system, including microglia and astrocytes. Aim. The aim of this work was to study the effect of transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCBMC) overexpressing glial neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on the state of microglia and astrocytes in APP/PS1 transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease model. Material and methods. Xenotransplantation of gene-cell structures to experimental animals was carried out retroorbitally, once in the amount of 2 million cells. Immunofluorescence examination of cryostatic sections of the brain was carried out by applying antibodies to ionized calcium-binding adaptive molecule 1 (Iba1, marker of microglia and macrophages) and antibodies to glial fibrillar acid protein (GFAP, marker of astrocytes) and subsequent imaging on a confocal scanning microscope LSM 510-Meta (Carl Zeiss). Results and discussion. It was found that transplantation of UCBMC overexpressing GDNF reduced the severity of microgliosis in the parietal cortex and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and also reduced the severity of astrogliosis in the CA3 zone of the hippocampus of the brain of APP/PS1 mice. Transplantation of UCBMC overexpressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) only reduced the severity of microgliosis in the parietal cortex of APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a high therapeutic potential of transplantation of UCBMC overexpressing GDNF in Alzheimer's neuropathology.","PeriodicalId":110361,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128086880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}