John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series最新文献

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Joint Patient Selection and Scheduling under No-Shows: Theory and Application in Proton Therapy 缺席情况下联合患者选择与调度:质子治疗的理论与应用
John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-05-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3396096
S. Saghafian, Nikolaos Trichakis, Ruihao Zhu, H. Shih
{"title":"Joint Patient Selection and Scheduling under No-Shows: Theory and Application in Proton Therapy","authors":"S. Saghafian, Nikolaos Trichakis, Ruihao Zhu, H. Shih","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3396096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3396096","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by operational challenges facing adopters of new technologies in the healthcare sector, we study how to admit and schedule heterogeneous patients when capacity is scarce. We model schedule-dependent no-show behavior and overtime costs as two important features that can significantly affect operational performance. We start by formulating the problem as a nonlinear integer optimization problem. However, since the solution to this formulation lacks both tractability and interpretability, to be relevant to practice, we limit our study to simple and interpretable policies that can be implemented in practice. In particular, we propose a simple index-based rule and derive analytical performance guarantees for it, which reveal its strong performance compared to the optimal solution. Our analytical performance analysis also demonstrates the robustness of the proposed policy to potential misspecification of no-show probabilities which are hard to accurately estimate in practice. \u0000 \u0000Importantly, we test the validating of our approach through partnership with the proton therapy center of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), which offers a new radiation technology for cancer patients. We calibrate our model using empirical data from our partner hospital, and conduct a series of experiments to evaluate the performance of our proposed policy under practical circumstances. Put together, these experiments show that our proposed policy, despite being a simple and interpretable index-based rule, is capable of improving performance by about 20% at an organization such as MGH, and of delivering results that are not far from being optimal across a wide range of parameters that might vary between organizations. This suggests that the proposed policy can be viewed as an effective “one-fits-all” capacity allocation rule that can be used in a variety of environments in which operational challenges such as no-shows and overtime costs need to be navigated using simple and interpretable rules.","PeriodicalId":110014,"journal":{"name":"John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131888544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Efficient Division When Preferences are Private: Using the Expected Externality Mechanism 偏好私有时的有效分工:使用预期外部性机制
John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3370394
Christina Aperjis, M. Kotowski, R. Zeckhauser
{"title":"Efficient Division When Preferences are Private: Using the Expected Externality Mechanism","authors":"Christina Aperjis, M. Kotowski, R. Zeckhauser","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3370394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3370394","url":null,"abstract":"We study the problem of allocating multiple items to two agents whose cardinal preferences are private information. If money is available, Bayesian incentive compatibility and ex-ante Pareto efficiency can be achieved using the Expected Externality Mechanism (EEM). Absent money, under certain reasonable conditions, Bayesian incentive compatibility and ex-post Pareto efficiency remain achievable with a modified EEM that uses one good as a numeraire in lieu of money. We study this modified EEM’s properties and compare it with other allocation procedures.","PeriodicalId":110014,"journal":{"name":"John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134018855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Search and Information Frictions on Global E-Commerce Platforms: Evidence from AliExpress 全球电子商务平台的搜索与信息摩擦:来自速卖通的证据
John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3736925
J. Bai, Maggie Xiaoyang Chen, D. Xu
{"title":"Search and Information Frictions on Global E-Commerce Platforms: Evidence from AliExpress","authors":"J. Bai, Maggie Xiaoyang Chen, D. Xu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3736925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3736925","url":null,"abstract":"Global e-commerce platforms provide a promising avenue that connects sellers and buyers from different parts of the world. In this project, we begin by documenting a few new stylized facts about exporter dynamics on global e-commerce platforms using data from Aliexpress. These facts indicate substantial search and information frictions in this market, due to the large number of market participants and significant ex-ante heterogeneity in quality. These imply that initial demand shocks could have a persistent impact on growth and performance can be quite path-dependent. Motivated by by the empirical facts, we design an experiment where we randomly generate demand and information shocks to a set of small perspective exporters via randomly placed orders and reviews. We follow all sellers for 3 months and collect a rich set of firm performance and quality data to estimate the extent of search and information frictions. Our findings suggest that initial demand shocks significantly boost subsequent sales among the treated sellers. Information on product quality seems to matter more compared to information on shipping quality, suggesting that the former may be the major type of asymmetric information between the two sides of the market. We further explore other potential determinants of growth and heterogeneity in the treatment effect.","PeriodicalId":110014,"journal":{"name":"John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125476399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Confronting an Enemy with Unknown Preferences: Deterrer or Provocateur? 面对未知偏好的敌人:威慑者还是挑衅者?
John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2018-01-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3116332
Artyom Jelnov, Y. Tauman, R. Zeckhauser
{"title":"Confronting an Enemy with Unknown Preferences: Deterrer or Provocateur?","authors":"Artyom Jelnov, Y. Tauman, R. Zeckhauser","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3116332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3116332","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nation 1 is seeking to join the nuclear club. Nation 2, its enemy, would like to prevent this, and has the potential to destroy 1's bomb-making facilities. It is uncertain whether 1 has a bomb. So are its intentions. 1 could be seeking to deter an attack. Alternatively, if no bomb is present, 1 might wish to provoke one as a means to secure support at home and abroad. Lacking a bomb, 1 can avoid an attack by allowing inspections. If it refuses inspections, 2 must rely on its imperfect intelligence system to determine whether to attack. This game has a unique sequential equilibrium, possibly separating, possibly pooling. At that equilibrium there is a positive probability that: No bomb is built; 2's intelligence system accurately detects no bomb; 1 refuses inspections; nevertheless 2 attacks. Present and past experiences form Iraq, Iran, Syria, and North Korea illustrate the analysis.","PeriodicalId":110014,"journal":{"name":"John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124376453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Report on Network Sunday Morning Talk Show Content and Ratings, Comparing 1983, 1999, and 2015 1983年、1999年和2015年网络周日早间脱口秀内容和收视率比较报告
John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3040912
M. Baum
{"title":"Report on Network Sunday Morning Talk Show Content and Ratings, Comparing 1983, 1999, and 2015","authors":"M. Baum","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3040912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3040912","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the content and Nielsen ratings for interviews on the three network Sunday morning talk shows—Meet the Press (henceforth MTP), Face the Nation (FTN), and This Week (TW). We compared three time periods—1983 (MTP, FTN), 1999 (all three shows), and 2015 (all three shows). In order to insure apples-to-apples comparisons, for over time comparisons, we either restricted our analyses to MTP and FTN or analyzed the data with and without TW. For “overall†snapshots we included all three shows (MTP, FTN, TW). Our goals were fourfold: (1) identify any discernable trends in the topics and types of guests featured on the Sunday talk shows, (2) identify any trends in audience ratings, (3) assess whether and to what extent trends in topics and guests correlate with audience ratings, and (4) assess whether, to what extent, and under what circumstances, the Sunday talk shows influence the subsequent news agenda.","PeriodicalId":110014,"journal":{"name":"John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122602718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
News Coverage of the 2016 General Election: How the Press Failed the Voters 2016年大选的新闻报道:媒体是如何辜负选民的
John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2884837
T. Patterson
{"title":"News Coverage of the 2016 General Election: How the Press Failed the Voters","authors":"T. Patterson","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2884837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2884837","url":null,"abstract":"Criticism dogged Hillary Clinton at every step of the general election. Her “bad press” outpaced her “good press” by 64 percent to 36 percent. She was criticized for everything from her speaking style to her use of emails. As Clinton was being attacked in the press, Donald Trump was attacking the press, claiming that it was trying to “rig” the election in her favor. If that’s true, journalists had a peculiar way of going about it. Trump’s coverage during the general election was more negative than Clinton’s, running 77 percent negative to 23 percent positive. But over the full course of the election, it was Clinton, not Trump, who was more often the target of negative coverage (see Figure 1). Overall, the coverage of her candidacy was 62 percent negative to 38 percent positive, while his coverage was 56 percent negative to 44 percent positive.","PeriodicalId":110014,"journal":{"name":"John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124792539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 100
Measuring Judicial Ideology Using Law Clerk Hiring 用法律书记员招聘衡量司法思想
John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-07-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2808200
Adam Bonica, Adam Chilton, Jacob Goldin, K. Rozema, M. Sen
{"title":"Measuring Judicial Ideology Using Law Clerk Hiring","authors":"Adam Bonica, Adam Chilton, Jacob Goldin, K. Rozema, M. Sen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2808200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2808200","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new measure of judicial ideology based on judicial hiring behavior. Specifically, we utilize the ideology of the law clerks hired by federal judges to estimate the ideology of the judges themselves. These Clerk-Based Ideology (CBI) scores complement existing measures of judicial ideology in several ways. First, CBI scores can be estimated for judges across the federal judicial hierarchy. Second, CBI scores can capture temporal changes in ideology. Third, CBI scores avoid case selection and strategic behavior concerns that plague existing vote-based measures. We illustrate the promise of CBI scores through a number of applications.","PeriodicalId":110014,"journal":{"name":"John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128316287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
The United States and the European Refugee Crisis: Standing with Allies 美国和欧洲难民危机:与盟国站在一起
John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2782480
Michael Ignatieff, J. Keeley, Betsy Ribble, K. McCammon
{"title":"The United States and the European Refugee Crisis: Standing with Allies","authors":"Michael Ignatieff, J. Keeley, Betsy Ribble, K. McCammon","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2782480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2782480","url":null,"abstract":"The US-European relationship remains a cornerstone of American security and prosperity. It is never in America's interest to remain a bystander when Europe's cohesion is under threat. The refugee crisis in Europe is such a threat. This report outlines a strategy for American leadership to help Europe turn this crisis into an opportunity by providing American help in refugee resettlement, aid to the front line states in the Middle East, and co-operation with European allies to secure Europe's maritime borders and save refugee lives. This report, prepared by a team from the Harvard Kennedy School for the Richard Holbrooke Forum on Diplomacy at the American Academy in Berlin, builds on the conclusions of a joint meeting with the Brookings Institution on the European Refugee Crisis held in Washington, DC in February 2016. It also supplements an earlier report, by the same team, published by the Shorenstein Center at the Harvard Kennedy School in January 2016.","PeriodicalId":110014,"journal":{"name":"John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115044088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Reimagining Accountability in K-12 Education: A Behavioral Science Perspective 重新构想K-12教育中的问责制:行为科学的视角
John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-04-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2782611
Brian Gill, J. Lerner, Paul Meosky
{"title":"Reimagining Accountability in K-12 Education: A Behavioral Science Perspective","authors":"Brian Gill, J. Lerner, Paul Meosky","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2782611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2782611","url":null,"abstract":"The primary lever American policymakers have used to improve school performance is \"accountability\" in the form of high-stakes testing. But the behavioral literature, overlooked in the education policy debate, shows that accountability exists in a variety of forms that evoke different psychological mechanisms and can have positive or negative effects. Examining the psychological/behavioral literature alongside the education literature, we identify four forms of accountability relevant to K-12 schooling: outcome-based (high-stakes testing), rule-based, market-based, and professional accountability. Promoting continuous improvement in schools is likely to require multiple forms of accountability that not only offer rewards and sanctions but also increase the transparency of educational practice and provide mechanisms for improving practice. This suggests that professional accountability--which has historically been underutilized in schools--merits particular attention.","PeriodicalId":110014,"journal":{"name":"John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124937588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Owning, Using and Renting: Some Simple Economics of the 'Sharing Economy' 拥有、使用和租用:“共享经济”的简单经济学
John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-02-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2746197
J. Horton, R. Zeckhauser
{"title":"Owning, Using and Renting: Some Simple Economics of the 'Sharing Economy'","authors":"J. Horton, R. Zeckhauser","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2746197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2746197","url":null,"abstract":"New Internet-based markets enable consumer/owners to rent out their durable goods when not using them. Such markets are modeled to determine ownership, rental rates, quantities, and surplus generated. Both the short run, before consumers can revise their ownership decisions, and the long run, in which they can, are examined to assess how these markets change ownership and consumption. The analysis examines bringing-to-market costs, such as labor costs and transaction costs, and considers the operating platform’s pricing problem. A survey of consumers broadly supports the modeling assumptions employed. For example, ownership is determined by individuals’ forward-looking assessments of planned usage.","PeriodicalId":110014,"journal":{"name":"John F. Kennedy School of Government Faculty Research Working Paper Series","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121535378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
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