Decis. Sci. Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.3390/sci5040041

Hamed Taherdoost

引用次数: 0

Digital Twins in Manufacturing: A RAMI 4.0 Compliant Concept 制造业中的数字孪生:RAMI 4.0兼容概念

Decis. Sci. Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.3390/sci5040040

Martin Lindner, Lukas Bank, Johannes Schilp, Matthias Weigold

引用次数: 0

In Silico Study of Potential Small Molecule TIPE2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer 用于癌症治疗的潜在小分子TIPE2抑制剂的计算机研究

Decis. Sci. Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.3390/sci5040039

Jerica Wilson, Katerina Evangelou, Youhai H. Chen, Hai-Feng Ji

{"title":"In Silico Study of Potential Small Molecule TIPE2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer","authors":"Jerica Wilson, Katerina Evangelou, Youhai H. Chen, Hai-Feng Ji","doi":"10.3390/sci5040039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci5040039","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Chronic inflammation has been linked to cancer since the 19th century. Tumor growth is supported by the proangiogenic factors that chronic inflammation requires. Polarized leukocytes initiate these angiogenic and tumorigenic factors. TIPE2, a transport protein, manages the cytoskeletal rearrangement that gives a polarized leukocyte its motility. Inhibition of this protein could lead to a therapeutic option for solid tumor cancers; however, no such inhibitors have been developed so far due to the large cavity size of the TIPE2 protein. Here we have examined possible small molecule inhibitors by combining structure-based and fragment-based drug design approaches. The highest binding ligands were complexed with the protein, and fragment libraries were docked with the complex with the intention of linking the hit compounds and fragments to design a more potent ligand. Three hit compounds were identified by in silico structure-based screening and a linked compound, C2–F14, of excellent binding affinity, was identified by linking fragments to the hit compounds. C2–F14 demonstrates good binding stability in molecular dynamic simulations and great predicted ADME properties. Methods: High throughput molecular docking calculations of mass libraries were performed using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2. Molecular docking of individual ligands was performed using AutoDock Vina with PyRx. Ligand libraries were prepared using OpenBabel, linked ligands were prepared using Avogadro. The protein was prepared using AutoDockTools-1.5.6. Protein-ligand complexes were visualized with PyMOL. Two- and three-dimensional representations of protein–ligand interactions were plotted with BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer. In silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties were calculated using SwissADME. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted with GROMACS.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135301738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus by Acupuncture: Dynamics of Blood Glucose Level and Its Mathematical Modelling 针刺治疗糖尿病:血糖水平的动态变化及其数学模型

Decis. Sci. Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.3390/sci5040038

Marija Šimat, Mateja Janković Makek, Maja Mičetić

{"title":"Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus by Acupuncture: Dynamics of Blood Glucose Level and Its Mathematical Modelling","authors":"Marija Šimat, Mateja Janković Makek, Maja Mičetić","doi":"10.3390/sci5040038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci5040038","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to present the effects of acupuncture treatment on morning blood glucose level (BGL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and to describe them by a predictive model. The morning BGL is measured after overnight fasting during a three-month long acupuncture treatment for two persons diagnosed with T2DM and is compared with the BGL of two persons in similar health conditions taking only metformin-based drugs. It is shown that the morning BGL is highly affected by each single acupuncture treatment and by the number of the already applied treatments. Significant lowering of BGL after each treatment is observed, as well as an overall BGL lowering effect, which is the result of the repeated acupuncture. The observed BGL reduction was found to be maintained during a follow-up performed a year after the acupuncture. The measured BGL dynamics curves are analyzed and described by a model. This model describes well all of the key features of the measured BGL dynamics and provides personal parameters that describe the BGL regulation. The model is used to simulate BGL regulation by acupuncture performed with different frequencies. It can be used generally to predict the effects of acupuncture on BGL and to optimize the time between two treatments. The results will enable a better understanding of acupuncture application in diabetes, and a prediction of its effects in diabetes treatment.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134959994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

T5 for Hate Speech, Augmented Data, and Ensemble 仇恨言论，增强数据和集成T5

Decis. Sci. Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.3390/sci5040037

Tosin Adewumi, Sana Sabah Sabry, Nosheen Abid, Foteini Liwicki, Marcus Liwicki

{"title":"T5 for Hate Speech, Augmented Data, and Ensemble","authors":"Tosin Adewumi, Sana Sabah Sabry, Nosheen Abid, Foteini Liwicki, Marcus Liwicki","doi":"10.3390/sci5040037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci5040037","url":null,"abstract":"We conduct relatively extensive investigations of automatic hate speech (HS) detection using different State-of-The-Art (SoTA) baselines across 11 subtasks spanning six different datasets. Our motivation is to determine which of the recent SoTA models is best for automatic hate speech detection and what advantage methods, such as data augmentation and ensemble, may have on the best model, if any. We carry out six cross-task investigations. We achieve new SoTA results on two subtasks—macro F1 scores of 91.73% and 53.21% for subtasks A and B of the HASOC 2020 dataset, surpassing previous SoTA scores of 51.52% and 26.52%, respectively. We achieve near-SoTA results on two others—macro F1 scores of 81.66% for subtask A of the OLID 2019 and 82.54% for subtask A of the HASOC 2021, in comparison to SoTA results of 82.9% and 83.05%, respectively. We perform error analysis and use two eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) algorithms (Integrated Gradient (IG) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)) to reveal how two of the models (Bi-Directional Long Short-Term Memory Network (Bi-LSTM) and Text-to-Text-Transfer Transformer (T5)) make the predictions they do by using examples. Other contributions of this work are: (1) the introduction of a simple, novel mechanism for correcting Out-of-Class (OoC) predictions in T5, (2) a detailed description of the data augmentation methods, and (3) the revelation of the poor data annotations in the HASOC 2021 dataset by using several examples and XAI (buttressing the need for better quality control). We publicly release our model checkpoints and codes to foster transparency.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Sensitive Strain Sensor Based on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Polyaniline/Silicone Rubber Nanocomposite for Human Motion Detection 基于多壁碳纳米管/聚苯胺/硅橡胶纳米复合材料的人体运动敏感应变传感器

Decis. Sci. Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.3390/sci5030036

Seyedmajid Hosseini, Mohsen Norouzi, Jian Xu

{"title":"A Sensitive Strain Sensor Based on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Polyaniline/Silicone Rubber Nanocomposite for Human Motion Detection","authors":"Seyedmajid Hosseini, Mohsen Norouzi, Jian Xu","doi":"10.3390/sci5030036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci5030036","url":null,"abstract":"Strain sensors play a pivotal role in quantifying stress and strain across diverse domains, encompassing engineering, industry, and medicine. Their applicability has recently extended into the realm of wearable electronics, enabling real-time monitoring of body movements. However, conventional strain sensors, while extensively employed, grapple with limitations such as diminished sensitivity, suboptimal tensile strength, and susceptibility to environmental factors. In contrast, polymer-based composite strain sensors have gained prominence for their capability to surmount these challenges. The integration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reinforcing agents within the polymer matrix ushers in a transformative era, bolstering mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability. This study comprises three primary components: simulation, synthesis of nanocomposites for strain sensor fabrication, and preparation of a comprehensive measurement set for testing purposes. The fabricated strain sensors, incorporating a robust polymer matrix of polyaniline known for its exceptional conductivity and reinforced with carbon nanotubes as strengthening agents, demonstrate good characteristics, including a high gauge factor, stability, and low hysteresis. Moreover, they exhibit high strain sensitivity and show linearity in resistance changes concerning applied strain. Comparative analysis reveals that the resulting gauge factors for composite strain sensors consisting of carbon nanotubes/polyaniline and carbon nanotubes/polyaniline/silicone rubber are 144.5 and 167.94, respectively.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136313109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On Hens, Eggs, Temperatures and CO2: Causal Links in Earth’s Atmosphere 母鸡、鸡蛋、温度和二氧化碳:地球大气中的因果关系

Decis. Sci. Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/sci5030035

Demetris Koutsoyiannis, Christian Onof, Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz, Antonis Christofides

{"title":"On Hens, Eggs, Temperatures and CO2: Causal Links in Earth’s Atmosphere","authors":"Demetris Koutsoyiannis, Christian Onof, Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz, Antonis Christofides","doi":"10.3390/sci5030035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci5030035","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific and wider interest in the relationship between atmospheric temperature (T) and concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO2]) has been enormous. According to the commonly assumed causality link, increased [CO2] causes a rise in T. However, recent developments cast doubts on this assumption by showing that this relationship is of the hen-or-egg type, or even unidirectional but opposite in direction to the commonly assumed one. These developments include an advanced theoretical framework for testing causality based on the stochastic evaluation of a potentially causal link between two processes via the notion of the impulse response function. Using, on the one hand, this framework and further expanding it and, on the other hand, the longest available modern time series of globally averaged T and [CO2], we shed light on the potential causality between these two processes. All evidence resulting from the analyses suggests a unidirectional, potentially causal link with T as the cause and [CO2] as the effect. That link is not represented in climate models, whose outputs are also examined using the same framework, resulting in a link opposite the one found when the real measurements are used.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135781757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Additional Diagnostic Value of Electrocardiogram and Strain Patterns in Transplanted Patients 移植患者心电图和应变图的附加诊断价值

Decis. Sci. Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.3390/sci5030034

L. Stefani, Goffredo Orlandi, M. Corsi, Edoardo Falconi, Roberto Palazzo, A. Pellegrino, P. Modesti

{"title":"The Additional Diagnostic Value of Electrocardiogram and Strain Patterns in Transplanted Patients","authors":"L. Stefani, Goffredo Orlandi, M. Corsi, Edoardo Falconi, Roberto Palazzo, A. Pellegrino, P. Modesti","doi":"10.3390/sci5030034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci5030034","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Transplanted patients are frail individuals who may be affected by diastolic dysfunction, leading to a decrease in exercise tolerance. Previous studies have reported that certain ECG and echocardiographic parameters (such as the P-wave interval, PQ interval, P-wave dispersion, Tend-P interval, QTc interval, and strain) can support the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction when the ejection fraction is preserved. This study aimed to examine the potential diagnostic contribution of specific ECG and deformation parameters in transplanted recipients, who are at a high risk of heart failure. Materials and Methods: A group of 33 transplanted subjects (17 renal and 16 liver) were categorized using two scores for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Additionally, they underwent evaluation based on ECG parameters (P-wave interval, PQ interval, Pwave dispersion, and Tend-P QTc) and echocardiographic deformation parameters (strain and twist). The Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The two scores identified different numbers of excludable and not excludable subjects potentially affected by HFpEF. The not excludable group presented ECG parameters with significantly higher values (P-wave, PQ interval, posterior wall diastole, and Tend-P, all with p ≤ 0.05) and significantly lower 4D strain and twist values (p < 0.05) Conclusions: There is evidence for a significant diagnostic contribution of additional ECG and echo strain parameters in an early phase of diastolic dysfunction in subjects potentially affected by HFpEF.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90158184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a Semi-Empirical Model for Estimating the Efficiency of Thermodynamic Power Cycles 估算热力动力循环效率的半经验模型的发展

Decis. Sci. Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.3390/sci5030033

Evangelos Bellos

{"title":"Development of a Semi-Empirical Model for Estimating the Efficiency of Thermodynamic Power Cycles","authors":"Evangelos Bellos","doi":"10.3390/sci5030033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci5030033","url":null,"abstract":"Power plants constitute the main sources of electricity production, and the calculation of their efficiency is a critical factor that is needed in energy studies. The efficiency improvement of power plants through the optimization of the cycle is a critical means of reducing fuel consumption and leading to more sustainable designs. The goal of the present work is the development of semi-empirical models for estimating the thermodynamic efficiency of power cycles. The developed model uses only the lower and the high operating temperature levels, which makes it flexible and easily applicable. The final expression is found by using the literature data for different power cycles, named as: organic Rankine cycles, water-steam Rankine cycles, gas turbines, combined cycles and Stirling engines. According to the results, the real operation of the different cases was found to be a bit lower compared to the respective endoreversible cycle. Specifically, the present global model indicates that the thermodynamic efficiency is a function of the temperature ratio (low cycle temperature to high cycle temperature). The suggested equation can be exploited as a quick and accurate tool for calculating the thermodynamic efficiency of power plants by using the operating temperature levels. Moreover, separate equations are provided for all of the examined thermodynamic cycles.","PeriodicalId":10987,"journal":{"name":"Decis. Sci.","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88701720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Analysis of the Convergence Problem of a Function in Functional Norms by Applying the Generalized Nörlund-Matrix Product Operator 用广义Nörlund-Matrix积算子分析函数在泛函范数上的收敛性问题

Decis. Sci. Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.3390/sci5030032

H. M. Srivastava, H. K. Nigam, Swagata Nandy

引用次数: 0

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