{"title":"Correction: Report on Evolving Indications, Technique, and Outcomes of Novel and Surgical Procedures-NUsurface.","authors":"Thomas R Carter","doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-09960-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-025-09960-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edward Bowen, Aboubacar Waque, Favian Su, Michael Davies, Gabriella Ode, Drew Lansdown, Brian Feeley, Asheesh Bedi
{"title":"Muscle Health & Fatty Infiltration with Advanced Rotator Cuff Pathology.","authors":"Edward Bowen, Aboubacar Waque, Favian Su, Michael Davies, Gabriella Ode, Drew Lansdown, Brian Feeley, Asheesh Bedi","doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-09955-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-025-09955-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Fatty infiltration (FI) of the rotator cuff is a critical determinant of clinical outcomes following rotator cuff injuries and repairs. This review examines the natural history, pathophysiology, imaging evaluation, and treatment strategies for FI, highlighting recent insights into its cellular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic approaches.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Animal models demonstrate that FI begins shortly after tendon injury, progresses with muscle retraction and denervation, and is largely irreversible despite repair. Key cellular drivers include fibroadipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs), influenced by mechanical loading and inflammatory signaling pathways. Clinical studies show that FI is associated with advanced age, female sex, and full-thickness tears. Higher degrees of preoperative FI correlate with poorer functional outcomes and increased re-tear rates. Novel therapeutic targets, including pathways regulating FAP activity, TGF-β, and cell-based therapies, show promise in preclinical studies. Emerging strategies such as leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may mitigate FI progression in clinical settings. Fatty infiltration remains a significant barrier to successful rotator cuff repair and functional recovery. While surgical repair may slow FI progression, it is not consistently effective in reversing established muscle degeneration. Improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving FI has identified potential therapeutic targets, but their clinical applicability requires further validation. Future advances in regenerative medicine, including cell-based therapies and modulation of fibroadipogenic progenitors, offer hope for mitigating FI and improving long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"160-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William R Schulz, Ramiro J Lopez, Ian M Marigi, Matthew M Crowe, Christopher L Camp, Adam J Tagliero, Erick M Marigi
{"title":"Approach to Treating Patients after First-time Anterior Shoulder Instability: What Does the Evidence Say?","authors":"William R Schulz, Ramiro J Lopez, Ian M Marigi, Matthew M Crowe, Christopher L Camp, Adam J Tagliero, Erick M Marigi","doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-09962-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-025-09962-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Management of first-time anterior shoulder instability (ASI) is an extensively studied yet controversial topic. Successful treatment requires incorporation of a wide range of factors including patient demographics, varying presenting pathology, functional demands, and sport specific considerations. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of the current literature and trends regarding management of first time ASI events.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>For non-operative treatment of first-time ASI events, shorter times for immobilization and consideration of positioning in external rotation may be more beneficial. Operative intervention may be favored for patients at high risk of recurrence (young, male, collision sports, and/or overhead athlete). Historically, open soft tissue stabilization was a primary treatment option for ASI. More recently, there has been an increased emphasis on arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) especially in the United States. The remplissage has become a useful adjunct to ABR to manage cases with Hill-Sachs lesions or sub-critical bone loss. Latarjet (coracoid transfer) remains a well-studied and common option for cases of critical glenoid bone loss. When directly compared both ABR with Remplissage and Latarjet improve outcomes and reduce the risk of recurrence in athletes with first-time ASI. Currently, there is no uniform approach to managing first-time ASI events. Therefore, an individualized approach is required with consideration of the individuals demographic, presence of bone loss, functional demands, and sport specific considerations. In young, male, collision athletes early surgical intervention may be beneficial to prevent recurrence. When faced with minimal (< 13.5%) or subcritical bone loss (13.5% to 20%), ABR with Remplissage may reduce rates of instability compared to ABR alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of Horizontal Cleavage Meniscus Tears.","authors":"Zachary R Burnett, David C Flanigan","doi":"10.1007/s12178-024-09940-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-024-09940-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The management of horizontal cleavage meniscus tears (HCT) has evolved in recent years. Historically, HCTs have been treated with partial meniscectomy, but multiple studies have shown the long-term risks of development of arthritic changes in the knee following meniscectomy. These findings have renewed interest in meniscal preservation whenever possible, even in older patients not previously considered for meniscus repair. This article provides an overview of current management of horizontal cleavage meniscus tears and describes modern surgical techniques for repair of HCTs.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Current research studies have continued to emphasize the benefits of meniscal preservation on long-term function. Recent data has demonstrated similar success rates following repair of HCTs compared to repair of other types of meniscus tears. Additionally, multiple recent studies have demonstrated the potential benefit of biologic augmentation in decreasing failure rate after meniscal repair. Modern surgical techniques and biologic augmentation have improved outcomes of meniscal repair. However, consideration of a patient's individual goals, activity level, and expectation are important to achieve a successful outcome regardless of treatment modality. While not every patient is a candidate for meniscal repair, current data has shown it should be considered for a growing number of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Navigating the Complexities of Range of Motion in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: Innovations and Future Directions.","authors":"Karsyn N Bailey, Alexander W Aleem","doi":"10.1007/s12178-024-09943-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-024-09943-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>With the growing popularity and broadening indications for Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (RSA), increasing modularity in design and adjustments to each component can enhance postoperative range of motion (ROM), thus expanding treatment capabilities. This review outlines the advancements developed to optimize ROM through modifications in glenoid and humeral components and the integration of computational tools for surgical planning.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Enhancements in glenoid component design aim to mitigate complications like scapular notching and improve ROM, particularly in abduction and external rotation. Modifications to the humeral component, including adjustments in neck-shaft angle and lateralization, also contribute to ROM optimization. The integration of computational modeling and intraoperative navigation is advancing towards a more tailored approach to RSA to increase postoperative ROM. While RSA has evolved considerably since the introduction of the Grammont prosthesis, current research continues to improve upon implant design and positioning to overcome early design limitations. Modifications such as glenoid lateralization and inferior positioning and humeral neck-shaft angle and lateralization contribute to better postoperative ROM. The integration of these advancements in implant adjustments with computational modeling for surgical planning has the potential to enhance ROM and patient-specific outcomes. Translating these biomechanical improvements into clinical benefit remains a key area for future investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"94-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Primary Care Considerations for Youth Martial Arts Athletes.","authors":"Celina de Borja, Raechelle Ocampo, Ameera Teal","doi":"10.1007/s12178-024-09942-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-024-09942-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to analyze the impact of martial arts on youth, addressing the physical and psychosocial benefits, as well as the injury risks associated with increased participation.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Data from the National Federation of State High School Associations indicates a notable increase in youth participation in martial arts, with a rise of over 13,000 participants from 2018 to 2022. In addition to physical benefits, recent studies highlight that martial arts can significantly enhance mindfulness, reduce stress, and improve self-control, thus diminishing bullying behaviors in school-aged children. Additionally, the therapeutic application of martial arts techniques has been effective in managing pain in children with chronic diseases and in alleviating emotional distress in their siblings. However, the popularity of the sport brings concerns over a spectrum of injuries, especially more severe cases in competitive settings. Martial arts provide a dynamic platform for fostering robust physical health and psychological resilience among youth. While the benefits are substantial, they are accompanied by risks that require careful management through informed practices and supervision. This review underscores the importance of understanding the dual nature of martial arts - its capacity to empower and its potential to harm - to maximize its benefits and safeguard young athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"73-78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis of the Upper Extremity in Pediatric Patients.","authors":"Nnaoma M Oji, Coleen S Sabatini","doi":"10.1007/s12178-024-09938-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-024-09938-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>For pediatric osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, 10-24% of cases occur in the upper extremity (UE). Due to delays in presentation and diagnosis, UE infections are often more complex and severe than infections of the lower extremity (LE). This review evaluates the literature from the past 6 years related to pediatric osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the UE and provides a guide for professionals managing these conditions in children.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The shoulder and elbow are the most commonly affected joints, and the humerus is the most commonly affected bone. As with the LE, diagnosis of UE osteoarticular infections is based on clinical evidence, laboratory data, and diagnostic imaging. While Staphylococcus aureus is the primary bacteria identified in UE infections, there is an underappreciation of the burden from Kingella kingae as a causative organism in culture-negative patients where PCR is not performed. Septic joints should be treated with irrigation and debridement urgently, with subsequent antibiotic therapy for a minimum of 2-4 weeks. For acute osteomyelitis without abscess or concomitant septic joints, antibiotic therapy is standard of care. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is associated with more severe infection requiring more surgeries. Various strategies exist for managing segmental bone loss in chronic osteoarticular infections. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis tend to occur less frequently in the UE than the LE but have a devastating impact on the health and quality of life of children around the world. Complete resolution of disease can be achieved through an individualized approach to antibiotic and operative management. Further study is needed to assess the efficacy of aspiration as a primary treatment strategy in UE joints.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"61-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aniruddh Mandalapu, Matthew Hartwell, Matthew Veerkamp, Eric Edmonds, Matthew Milewski, Shital Parikh, Paul Saluan, Frank Cordasco, Nirav Pandya
{"title":"Surgical Management of Anterior Shoulder Instability in Skeletally Immature Patients: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Aniruddh Mandalapu, Matthew Hartwell, Matthew Veerkamp, Eric Edmonds, Matthew Milewski, Shital Parikh, Paul Saluan, Frank Cordasco, Nirav Pandya","doi":"10.1007/s12178-024-09941-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-024-09941-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Anterior shoulder instability management within skeletally immature patients presents a unique challenge for providers. This systematic review examines the surgical management of traumatic anterior shoulder instability in skeletally immature patients, focusing on recurrence rate, pre-operative conditions, post-operative conditions, demographics, and risk factors for failure. Four full-length articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, consisting of two retrospective cohort studies and two case series. In total, 77 patients and 79 shoulders underwent surgical stabilization. Mean age at time of surgery ranged from 12 to 15.9 years with a male proportion ranging from 58 to 86%. The indication for surgery in these studies was recurrent anterior shoulder instability. The most used surgeries for stabilization were bone block procedures, such as the Latarjet, followed by the arthroscopic Bankart repair. This review found that surgically managed traumatic anterior shoulder instability in skeletally immature patients had low recurrence rates. The studies examined had recurrence rates of 8%, 4.4% and 0% after surgical stabilization and a singular study showed a return to sport rate of 75%. Subsequently, this study suggests that open bony procedures may be a safe and effective solution to recurrent anterior shoulder instability in the skeletally immature population, but further research is needed to determine the optimal surgical approach with a larger sample of different surgical approaches.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"87-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Common Intraoperative Mistakes and Techniques for Error Recovery.","authors":"Kevin C Wang, Timothy Keeley, Drew A Lansdown","doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-09947-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-025-09947-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a commonly performed procedure among general orthopedists, and is a logged procedure required for graduation from accredited orthopaedic residency programs.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>ACL reconstruction surgery has a number of critical steps, and intraoperative errors can significantly impact the success rate and morbidity of this operation. Technical errors are frequently cited as some of the most common reasons for ACL reconstruction failure. This narrative review provides low-volume surgeons and trainees with an overview of the common errors that can be made during the critical steps of an ACL reconstruction procedure. We suggest technical points for avoiding commonly-encountered errors and provide a description of evidence-supported error recovery techniques to address these errors if they occur intraoperatively. These key steps include femoral tunnel creation, tibial tunnel creation, graft harvest and preparation, and graft fixation within the tunnels. We discuss a number of primary and backup fixation strategies as well as all commonly used autografts (bone-patellar tendon-bone, hamstring, and quadriceps tendon). Additionally, we provide a brief overview on address intra-operative graft contamination citing currently available evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroyori Fusagawa, Alex Youn, Elyse Wilkerson, Nirav Pandya, Brian T Feeley
{"title":"The Effects of Microplastics on Musculoskeletal Disorder; A Narrative Review.","authors":"Hiroyori Fusagawa, Alex Youn, Elyse Wilkerson, Nirav Pandya, Brian T Feeley","doi":"10.1007/s12178-024-09932-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-024-09932-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The physical health impacts of microplastics have received increasing attention in recent years. However, limited data impedes a full understanding of the internal exposure to microplastics, especially concerning the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent literature regarding the effects of microplastics on the musculoskeletal system.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Microplastics have been shown to cause abnormal endochondral ossification and disrupt the normal function of pre-osteoblasts, osteocyte-like cells, and pre-osteoclasts through gene mutations, endoplasmic reticulum stress induction, and reduced autophagosome formation in bone growth areas. Although there are few reports on their effects on muscle, it has been noted that microplastics inhibit energy and lipid metabolism, decrease type I muscle fiber density, impair muscle angiogenesis, cause muscle atrophy, and increase lipid deposition. Only a few recent studies have shown that microplastics interfere with the normal function of bone growth-related cells and reduce muscle mass and quality. This review underscores the need for further research into other parts of the musculoskeletal system and studies using human tissues at the disease level.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}