Journal of Agricultural Policy最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of Plant Growth on Different Varieties of Wheat and Barley Treated With Biofertilizers","authors":"Husna Wali, Ammara Waseem, Shazmeen Sarfraz, Rida Rana, Iqra Rasheed, Romana Liaqat Khichi","doi":"10.47941/jap.1663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jap.1663","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Biofertilizers have gained recognition as a crucial element in integrated plant nutrient management, contributing to sustainable agriculture. Biofertilizers are natural products that contain living microorganisms capable of enhancing plant growth and improving soil fertility. This study aims to assess the impact of different biofertilizers on the growth of various varieties of wheat and barley. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of biofertilizers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers for promoting the growth of wheat and barley crops. \u0000Methodology: The experiment involves treating multiple cultivars of wheat and barley with biofertilizers, while a control group is administered traditional chemical fertilizers for comparison. The growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area, root development, and yield, are carefully monitored and recorded throughout the experiment. The study is conducted under controlled environmental conditions to ensure consistency across all plant samples. Collected data is subjected to statistical analysis to determine any significant disparities in growth between the biofertilizer-treated group and the control group. \u0000Findings: The utilization of biofertilizers resulted in remarkable growth improvements in the plants as opposed to conventional fertilizers. The plants treated with biofertilizers exhibited noticeable enhancements in various parameters, including increased plant height, expanded leaf area, elongated root length, and greater biomass accumulation. Among the different crop varieties, certain ones showcased a more pronounced response to biofertilizer treatments. Specifically, varieties W1 and W2 of wheat displayed the highest levels of growth enhancement when treated with biofertilizers, while barley varieties B1 and B2 showed significant improvements as well. Furthermore, the application of biofertilizers led to higher grain weight and increased yield per unit area in the crops compared to traditional fertilizers. Notably, the biofertilizer-treated crops also exhibited notable enhancements in quality attributes, such as improved nutritional content and reduced pesticide residues. \u0000Unique contributor to theory, policy and practice: The utilization of biofertilizers demonstrated significant advantages over traditional fertilizers, resulting in improved plant growth, increased yield, and enhanced quality attributes in various crop varieties.","PeriodicalId":109425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Policy","volume":"123 S11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of Plant Growth on Different Varieties of Wheat and Barley Treated With Biofertilizers","authors":"Husna Wali, Ammara Waseem, Shazmeen Sarfraz, Rida Rana, Iqra Rasheed, Romana Liaqat Khichi","doi":"10.47941/jap.1663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jap.1663","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Biofertilizers have gained recognition as a crucial element in integrated plant nutrient management, contributing to sustainable agriculture. Biofertilizers are natural products that contain living microorganisms capable of enhancing plant growth and improving soil fertility. This study aims to assess the impact of different biofertilizers on the growth of various varieties of wheat and barley. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of biofertilizers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers for promoting the growth of wheat and barley crops. \u0000Methodology: The experiment involves treating multiple cultivars of wheat and barley with biofertilizers, while a control group is administered traditional chemical fertilizers for comparison. The growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area, root development, and yield, are carefully monitored and recorded throughout the experiment. The study is conducted under controlled environmental conditions to ensure consistency across all plant samples. Collected data is subjected to statistical analysis to determine any significant disparities in growth between the biofertilizer-treated group and the control group. \u0000Findings: The utilization of biofertilizers resulted in remarkable growth improvements in the plants as opposed to conventional fertilizers. The plants treated with biofertilizers exhibited noticeable enhancements in various parameters, including increased plant height, expanded leaf area, elongated root length, and greater biomass accumulation. Among the different crop varieties, certain ones showcased a more pronounced response to biofertilizer treatments. Specifically, varieties W1 and W2 of wheat displayed the highest levels of growth enhancement when treated with biofertilizers, while barley varieties B1 and B2 showed significant improvements as well. Furthermore, the application of biofertilizers led to higher grain weight and increased yield per unit area in the crops compared to traditional fertilizers. Notably, the biofertilizer-treated crops also exhibited notable enhancements in quality attributes, such as improved nutritional content and reduced pesticide residues. \u0000Unique contributor to theory, policy and practice: The utilization of biofertilizers demonstrated significant advantages over traditional fertilizers, resulting in improved plant growth, increased yield, and enhanced quality attributes in various crop varieties.","PeriodicalId":109425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Policy","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superiority of Azadirachtin Over Other Bio Chemical Active Compounds in Controlling Nuclear Polyhedrosis (Grasserie Disease) of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori Linnaeus","authors":"S. Deb, A. K. Sinha, A. K. Saha, S. Chakraborty","doi":"10.47941/jap.1297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jap.1297","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study was focused on to find out most cost-effective, user-friendly bio active chemicals among available one to control Grasserie. \u0000Methodology: Simple rearing (both favourable and unfavourable rearing season) and dusting method. \u0000Findings: Azadirachtin is more effective among other active biochemical counterparts. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: As traditionally available disinfectants are of high cost and hazardous to its user as well to the environment, this type study is unique in its application and investigation. The Allicin and Curcumin were found to be similar in action in comparison to Azadirachtin particularly in unfavourable rearing season. However, Azadirachtin was found to be more effective in both favourable and unfavourable rearing season in comparison to its other counterparts.","PeriodicalId":109425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Policy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121408284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policies and Intervention Approaches Challenges in Promoting Agricultural Innovation: The Case of The Cashew Sector in Benin","authors":"Rachelle P. Houaga, I. Moumouni, M. W. Gouroubera","doi":"10.47941/jap.1211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jap.1211","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Innovations are necessary for the development of agricultural sector. However, there are questions about their appropriation and sustainability. This article analyzes policies and intervention approaches challenges in promoting local innovation in the cashew sector in Benin. \u0000Methodology: This study combines a literature review on policy and intervention approaches and qualitative information from nine cashew project managers to collect data. \u0000Finding: The results reveal the following three main intervention approaches: (i) Capacity-building approaches, which include training, experience sharing, experimentation and demonstration, (ii) approaches facilitating access to finance and organizational support, and (iii) Business relationship development approaches that focus on relationship building and training. The choice of approaches is generally based on the priorities given to the challenges related to the development of the sector \u0000Unique Contributions to Theory, Policy and Practice: However, investment and consideration of weaknesses in the implementation of intervention approaches would contribute to the development of innovation and the sustainability of innovation support services in the agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":109425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Policy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115244052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHALLENGES FACING THE ADOPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF WEATHER INDEXED INSURANCE BY INSURANCE FIRMS","authors":"Ben Kajwang","doi":"10.47941/jap.973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jap.973","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study assessed the challenges facing the adoption and implementation of weather indexed insurance by insurance firms \u0000Methodology: This was accomplished through the use of a desktop literature review. The use of Google Scholar was utilized in order to locate seminal references and journal articles that were pertinent to the study. In order to meet the inclusion criteria, the papers had to be no more than ten years old. \u0000Findings: Using a certain weather parameter, a specific weather station, and a predetermined length of time, Weather Index Insurance is calculated. To avoid crop losses, the insurance might be constructed to cover against index realizations that are predicted to be too high or low. Pilots and feasibility studies have indicated that while the weather index product appears to be a boon, there are numerous hurdles or downsides to weather index products. Because of this, we set out to find out what obstacles insurance companies may face in implementing weather-indexed insurance. Index insurance's biggest flaw is its exposure to basis risk. In addition, weather-related risks exhibit characteristics that frequently contravene classical insurance rules. Drought and other slow-developing meteorological hazards, such as floods, can have a systemic effect since they are regionally connected. As a result, actuarial ratemaking becomes more challenging because of the increased volatility of meteorological variables and non-stationary loss distributions. Third, a lack of yield and weather data makes it difficult to estimate loss distributions accurately. Some farmers may not comprehend weather index insurance and hence not buy it, and a significant number of farmers may also require a subsidy if they want to get weather insurance. \u0000Unique contribution of theory, practice and policy: Crop insurance companies can benefit from approaches like time diversification, local test procedures, and the addition of expert knowledge to observational data, as well as mechanisms like supporting insurance market development as a means of facilitating adaptation. In addition, better training on weather index insurance and regular communication are required.","PeriodicalId":109425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Policy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129131946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND WEATHER VARIABILITY PERCEPTION ON YAM PRODUCTION IN ONDO STATE","authors":"Stephen F. Ayanleye, A.M. Adeboyejo, A. Ghazali","doi":"10.47941/jap.974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jap.974","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study was carried out to investigate the effect of climate change and weather-variability perception on yam production in Owo Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents in the study area; identify the perceptions of yam farmers on climate change in the study area; identify the adaptation strategies adopted by farmers in the study; determine the cost and return of farmers; determine the effect of climate change variables perception on yam output. \u0000Methodology: Multi –stage sampling procedure was used in the selection of respondents in the study area. A total of 120 respondents were selected for this study. Descriptive statistics, Gross Margin analysis, Likert Rating Scale, Multiple Regression Analysis were used to analyze data collected from the field. \u0000Findings: The study revealed that 38.0% of the yam farmers fell within the ages of 36 and 45 years. This implies that yam farmers in the study area are relatively young and energetic which enhance sustainable production. Gross Margin analysis revealed that yam production is profitable as it leaves a profit margin of N31995 for each farmer in the study area. Likert Rating Scale showed that majority of the respondents had a high perception on climate change but there is need for more sensitization of yam farmers on climate change. Multiple Regression Analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between climate change variables perception and yam output which rejects the hypothesis of this study. \u0000Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended among others that there is need for government to sensitize farmers on climate change and provide them with reasonable adaptation options to mitigate the negative effects of climate change on Agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":109425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114055741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF Jatropha curcas and Cassia occidentalis ON SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN THE SOIL","authors":"Dharmendra Singh, Naka Keta Jibril, A. Muhammad, Aminu Imonikhe Malik, Benjamin Anthony Osesua","doi":"10.47941/jap.864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jap.864","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of Cassia occidentalis and Jatropha curcas to remediate the heavy metals: Pb, Mn, Zn, Cr and Cu in polluted soil was studied. The seedlings of the plants, Cassia occidentalis and Jatropha curcas were obtained and planted in six pots which were spiked with aqueous solution of each metal. The matured plants were harvested and separated into roots, stem and leaves. Standard operating procedures was used to extract the metals from the plant parts. Results revealed uptake of the metals through the roots, stem and leaves of the plants. Cassia occidentalis and Jatropha curcas grown in the spiked soil showed relatively higher values for the uptake of the analysed metals as compared to those grown on the control soil. The order of metal accumulation in the parts of the plant are: Pb, leaves > root > stem; Mn, roots > leaves > stem; Zn, roots > leaves > stem; Cr, roots > leaves > stem and Cu, leaves > roots > stem, for C. occidentalis, while for J. cucas metals accumulation was found to be in the order: Pb, stem > roots > leaves; Mn, stem > roots > leaves; Zn, roots > stem > leaves; Cr, stem > roots > leaves and Cu, stem > roots > leaves. The Translocation Factor (TF) revealed that Pb (1.52) and Cu (1.41) are highly accumulated in the leaves of C. occidentalis plant, while a TF of Pb (1.53), Mn (1.31), Cr (1.27) and Cu (1.19) was observed in the stem of J. curcas. The high remediation potential observed in this study as occasioned by the Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) value recorded indicates that C. occidentalis and J. curcas have vital characteristics that can be used for phytoextaction of the analysed metals.","PeriodicalId":109425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Policy","volume":"34 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131588385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical Efficiency of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) Production in Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"V. N. Ayilla","doi":"10.47941/jap.799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jap.799","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study analyzed the technical efficiency of turmeric production in Kaduna State, Nigeria. \u0000Methodology:  Data for the study were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire from 33 turmeric farmers from Jabba, Kachia, Jama’a, and KagarkoLocal Government Areas of Kaduna State. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production function. \u0000Findings: Analysis of the results revealed that the mean technical efficiency of turmeric farmers in the study area was 28% with majority (66.7%) having technical efficiency level of ≤0.303. Also, analysis of the stochastic frontier production function revealed that the socio-economic characteristics of turmeric farmers in the State significantly influenced their technical efficiency. \u0000Unique contribution to theory, practice, and policy: It was recommended that campaigns aimed encouraging more youths into turmeric production as well as discouraging large household size among turmeric farmers should be promoted in the study area; and policies aimed at increasing the resource use efficiency of turmeric farmers in the State and hence their farm output should include the farmers’ specific efficiency factors in their formulation.","PeriodicalId":109425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Policy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124953690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Technical, Allocative and Economic Efficiencies of Vitamin A Cassava Farmers with Other Improved Cassava Farmers in Benue State, Nigeria.","authors":"W.E. Igbaifua, O. Adeniyi, R. Omolehin","doi":"10.47941/jap.777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jap.777","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Despite that cassava is important economically and nutritionally, a gap exists between its demand and supply. Consequently, analysis of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of Vitamin A Cassava (VAC) farmers with other improved cassava (OIC) farmers in Benue State, Nigeria was conducted. \u0000Methodology:  A five- stage sampling technique was employed to select 120 farmers in the study area. Primary data were obtained using structured questionnaire and interview methods to seek information on socio-economic characteristics of farmers, inputs, outputs, and constraints to cassava production. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, stochastic frontier production function and cost function. \u0000Findings: The result revealed that profitability alone is not the only determinant for cassava cultivation, other factors were adequate finance, farmland, planting material, labour, nutrition and market. Five major determinants of cassava production were farm size, family labour, stem, herbicide and hired labour. Education, farming experience, gender and extension contacts significantly influenced farm -specific profit inefficiencies. OIC farmers showed higher allocative efficiency (0.78) than VAC farmers (0.75) and lower economic mean efficiency (0.66) than VAC farmers (0.76). The VAC farms were more profitable than OIC farms with gross margin of ₦181,120 and ₦105,620 per hectare of land, return on investment (1.68 and 0.86). The mean efficiencies of both practices were significant(p<05). The OIC and VAC farmers were operating at the second level of production frontier with return to scale of less than unity (0.457 and 0.448). Constraints identified are inadequate finance, expensive stems, inadequate extension agents’ visit, low market demand, high labour cost and grazing of farmland by herders. \u0000Unique contribution to theory, practice, and policy: Vitamin A Cassava and other improved cassava were smallholder farmers who were technologically inspired to transform inputs into output to earn income, food for households and poverty alleviation, and to achieve these, they need to improve on technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of production. It is recommended that cassava farmers develop saving culture and enter contract farming, multiply cassava stems, employ labour-saving technologies, government to create ready markets and encourage herders to establish ranches to prevent incursion of roaming cattle herds into farms.","PeriodicalId":109425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Policy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128048249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Fungal and Mycotoxin contamination of Maize grains collected from Senatorial Zones of Benue State","authors":"O. Vange, E. Umeh, G. Gberikon, I. Ogbonna","doi":"10.47941/jap.670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jap.670","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize grains collected from Senatorial Zones of Benue State was carried out in this study. Maize samples were collected in sterile polythene bags, labelled according to the sample locations and taken to the laboratory for analysis. Isolation and identification of the fungi was carried out using dilution method and standard mycological procedures. Samples were plated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) supplemented with 60ug ml-1 chloramphenicol as a bacteriostat and incubated at room temperature for mycological identification and biomass. Quantifications of aflatoxin in the maize samples was carried out using Specific ELISA kit. Results showed that there was a high level of fungal contamination found in maize grains in Benue State.  Many (40%) of Zone A maize grains had a high level (≥ 3.1 × 107 cfu/g) of fungal contamination, 40% of Zone B maize grains also had (≥ 3.1 × 107 cfu/g) of fungal contamination. While 26.7% of grains purchased from Zone C had (≥ 3.1 × 107 cfu/g) of fungal contamination. It was also observed that none (0%) of Zone A maize grains had aflatoxin level above 6.57ppb, while 10% of Zone B seeds produced aflatoxin levels above 6.57ppb and 25% of maize seeds from Zone C had aflatoxin levels above 6.57ppb. It was also observed that Zone B maize grains had the highest aflatoxin level of \u00009.50ppb, followed by Zone C with 9.20ppb, while Zone A had the lowest aflatoxin level of 5.10ppb. High aflatoxin levels above the 5.0ppb recommended by Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) as tolerance limit for maize grains were observed in many of the locations studied. Therefore maize grains should be dried properly and stored in less humid environment to avoid fungal growth and aflatoxin production, so as to prevent public health issues among consumers.   ","PeriodicalId":109425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Policy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128008042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}