Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental最新文献

{"title":"Nano-Amounts of Glucagon Premixed With Fast-Acting Insulin Lispro: Effect on Insulin Absorption in Pigs","authors":"Ilze Dirnena-Fusini PhD ,&nbsp;Misbah Riaz MSc ,&nbsp;Sverre Christian Christiansen MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Sven Magnus Carlsen MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Glucagon leads to substantial but short-lived subcutaneous vasodilation. Using micro-amounts of glucagon at the insulin injection site increases insulin absorption.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We hypothesized that a premixed solution of insulin and nanogram doses of glucagon would improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of subcutaneously injected insulin.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this series of proof-of-concept experiments, 17 anesthetized pigs were included. Nine pigs were included in the control groups; they received a subcutaneous injection of 10 U of insulin lispro (Lyumjev^Ⓡ or Humalog^Ⓡ). Eight pigs were included in the glucagon groups; they received 10 U of a premixed insulin (Lyumjev^Ⓡ or Humalog^Ⓡ)/glucagon solution (5 ng glucagon/unit of insulin). Arterial blood was frequently sampled for 210 minutes to assess insulin and glucose concentrations. The impact on glucose metabolism was evaluated through euglycemic clamp investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>When premixed insulin Lyumjev^Ⓡ/glucagon was injected, insulin T_max decreased from 33 to 20 minutes (SE = 6.6, <em>P</em> = 0.08), and C_max was 2-fold higher than that in the control group (100 mU/L vs 46 mU/L, SE = 4.8, <em>P</em> = 0.007). When premixed insulin Humalog^Ⓡ/glucagon was injected, T_max and C_max did not change significantly (<em>P</em> = 0.53 and <em>P</em> = 0.83, respectively). Insulin AUC for the first 15 minutes increased two-fold when insulin Lyumjev^Ⓡ/glucagon was injected (946 mU×min/L vs 337 mU×min/L, SE = 196, <em>P</em> = 0.02). A similar trend was observed when Humalog^Ⓡ/glucagon was injected (306 mU×min/L vs 65 mU×min/L, SE = 125), although this difference did not reach statistical significance (<em>P</em> = 0.102) compared with the control groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This series of proof-of-concept experiments in anesthetized pigs indicate that premixing nanogram doses of glucagon in fast-acting insulin lispro formulations may speed up the absorption of subcutaneously injected insulin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 100803"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Value of Neuropsychological Assessments in Rehabilitation: Perspectives from Persons with Dementia and Their Caregivers","authors":"Takako Yoshimura ,&nbsp;Aiko Osawa ,&nbsp;Shiinchiro Maeshima ,&nbsp;Iikue Ueda ,&nbsp;Koki Kawamura ,&nbsp;Masaki Kamiya ,&nbsp;Naoki Itoh ,&nbsp;Hidenori Arai","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Various neuropsychological or cognitive assessments are often conducted before rehabilitation to ascertain patients’ function, disability, and environment. However, adequate assessments are not conducted for persons with dementia under the assumption that assessments would burden them. Therefore, this study investigated the perceptions of persons with dementia and their family caregivers regarding cognitive function assessments during hospital rehabilitation and reconsidered the significance of such assessments according to the opinions of those involved.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional observational study was conducted over a 3-month period at a hospital-based rehabilitation center. We administered a semi-structured questionnaire to 31 older persons with dementia (13 men and 18 women; mean age [± SD]: 77 [± 5.7] (range: 66–87 years); mean years of education [± SD]: 12 [± 2.3]; (range: 9–16 years); Alzheimer's disease: 15; mild cognitive impairment (MCI): 15; corticobasal degeneration: 1) and 49 family caregiver dyads (24 men and 25 women, mean age [± SD]: 67 [± 11] years; age range: 46–90 years). The data were interpreted by employing descriptive statistics, and the χ², Fisher's exact, and Kruskal–Wallis tests.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Both groups acknowledged the value of neuropsychological assessments, with 94% (95% CI 84.9–100%) of persons with MCI/dementia and 83% (95% CI 73.3–94.0%) of their family caregivers linking them directly to enhanced treatment and care quality. Their positive attitudes were significantly associated with the belief that such evaluations are integral for personalizing and optimizing rehabilitation strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>Most individuals with MCI/dementia and their caregivers value detailed neuropsychological assessments for understanding rehabilitation needs, highlighting the importance of integrating comprehensive evaluations into dementia care. However, the single-center nature of our study limits generalizability. Future research with diverse participants is needed to develop scalable, inclusive rehabilitation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 100781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initiation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Medications in the NGHA Healthcare System in Saudi Arabia: Contemporary Trends","authors":"Mesnad S. Alyabsi PhD ,&nbsp;Lolwah Almousa BS ,&nbsp;Anwar H. Alqarni BS ,&nbsp;Asma Aldawsari MS ,&nbsp;Lubna Alnasser PhD ,&nbsp;Adel F. Almutairi PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Continuous updates in management guidelines for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have affected treatment patterns. In this study, we aimed to identify the prevalence of initiating various antidiabetic medications and analyze differences in patient characteristics based on the type of treatment initiated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study used data retrieved from the electronic medical records of the National Guard Health Affairs for all patients diagnosed with T2DM who initiated any antidiabetic therapy between January 2018 and May 2022. Patient data were presented using frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations where applicable. The antidiabetic classes investigated include metformin, insulin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 433 patients with T2DM were included in this study, most of whom were females (55.66% vs 44.34%) and obese (61.20%), with a mean age of 53.29 years (SD ± 15.22). Monotherapy was the most commonly initiated approach (66.28%), with insulin being the most prescribed monotherapy (29.10%). The most frequent combination therapy was metformin and sulfonylureas (7.16%). Overall, the most initiated medication was metformin, accounting for 37.12% of all prescriptions. Additionally, there was an increasing trend in prescribing newer medications, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists (8.70%) and SGLT-2 inhibitors (11.11%), for newly diagnosed patients in 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The initiation of novel antidiabetic medications has increased over the study period, reflecting recent updates in T2DM management guidelines. However, further understanding of their benefits is required for optimal patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 100809"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Sublingual Immunotherapy in Patients With House Dust Mite Allergic Asthma—A Systematic Review","authors":"Pernille Vigand Hegner MSt ,&nbsp;Anne Sofie Rysgaard MSt ,&nbsp;Alma Holm Rovsing MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Charlotte Suppli Ulrik MD, DMSc, FERS","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>Patients’ with allergy-driven symptoms of asthma may not achieve adequate symptom control on inhaled pharmacotherapy alone, therefore, allergen-immunotherapy may be a relevant add-on treatment. The aim of the present review is to provide an update on the current evidence of efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for the treatment of house dust mite (HDM)-driven allergic asthma.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Systematic review performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses-Statement (PRISMA) guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 15 studies fulfilled the predefined criteria and were included, all assessing the efficacy of the HDM SLIT-tablet in patients with HDM-driven asthma. Of the 15 studies, 13 reported significant improvements in asthma symptoms, while 2 found no changes. Ten studies assessed lung function (that is FEV₁, PEF and FEV₁/FVC) with 6 reporting significant improvements and 4 reporting no significant changes. Eight of the 15 studies measured the impact on prescribed asthma controller medication, of which 6 studies reported a significant reduction in daily mean dose of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (up to a reduction of 300+ µg/day), 1 found a significant reduction in medication use (according to the GINA steps), while 1 showed no significant reduction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In the majority of studies, HDM SLIT was associated with improvements in asthma symptom control and a reduction in daily dose of ICS. On the other hand, the findings addressing treatment induced changes in lung function are conflicting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 100785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers Versus Proton Pump Inhibitors for Gastric Ulcers: Bayesian and Frequentist Network Meta-Analysis With Cross-Inference Through a Quality management System","authors":"In Mo Yoon MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kang-Yon Kim MD ,&nbsp;Kwan-Haeng Lee MD ,&nbsp;Duk-Woo Yoo DMD ,&nbsp;Hojin Oh PharmD","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been the mainstay treatment for gastric ulcer (GU) for over 30 years. However, since the discovery of a new class of acid suppressants, potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs), the desire for a therapeutic agent has continued and the clinical trials on P-CABs have been conducted. In this regard, we aimed to assess whether P-CABs are noninferior to PPIs in patients with GU in terms of efficacy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Additionally, we used a new methodology of inference concept with the purpose of grouping between P-CABs and PPIs. Moreover, our quality management system was integrated throughout the research to ensure data accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We initially screened 438 studies and extracted 10 homogeneous GU RCTs with 6315 participants. The odds ratios (ORs) for the 4-week cure rate in Bayesian + frequentist NMA, tegoprazan 100 mg (OR = 4.14, 95% credible interval [CI] 0.56–26.3) and pantoprazole 40 mg (OR = 4.12, 95% CI 1.90–8.88) were the largest, respectively. The ORs for the 8-week cure rate in Bayesian + frequentist NMA, lansoprazole 30 mg (OR = 8.77, 95% credible interval [CI] 0.95–78.9) and lansoprazole 30 mg (OR = 7.91, 95% CI 2.60–24.03) was the largest, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of the NMA reveal that the cure rates of P-CABs in cases of GU were not inferior to those of PPIs. As the inference by grouping PPIs and P-CABs, the results showed similar trends in terms of effectiveness between the two therapeutic classes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 100776"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Side Effect of Different Doses of Glucocorticoids on Sudden Deafness","authors":"Ya He M.D. ,&nbsp;Liang’e Zhi M.Med ,&nbsp;Yajin Feng B.Med ,&nbsp;Shiyuan Li B.Med ,&nbsp;Qian Liu B.Med ,&nbsp;Zhendong Jiang M.D. ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhong M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sudden deafness (SD) presents as rapid-onset sensorineural hearing loss within 72 hours, with unknown etiology. Current guidelines recommend systemic corticosteroids as first-line therapy, though high-dose regimens may increase risks of hypertension and hyperglycemia. No consensus exists on optimal SD treatment protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the treatment efficacy and side effects of different doses of glucocorticoids in patients with sudden deafness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 248 patients (from July 2020 to May 2022) with sudden deafness were divided into 3 groups based on their initial dexamethasone dosages: group A (adequate dose, 10 mg/d), group B (high dose, 15 mg/d), and group C (high dose, 20 mg/d). For treatment efficacy, the mean hearing threshold elevation was subsequently evaluated. For side effects, blood glucose and blood pressure were monitored in 14 patients with sudden deafness accompanied by diabetes and 20 patients with concomitant primary hypertension.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was no significant difference in the efficacy of various initial corticosteroid doses among different subgroups (all <em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Higher initial doses were associated with increased risk of rapid glucose in patients with diabetes, whereas no significant difference was observed in blood pressure fluctuation among the 3 groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The treatment efficacy of the 3 different corticosteroid doses in sudden deafness treatment was comparable; yet, an increased risk of rapid blood glucose increase was accompanied by the elevated dose of dexamethasone in patients with diabetes. Therefore, an adequate glucocorticoid (dexamethasone, 10 mg/d) could be the optimal regimen of patients with sudden deafness and diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 100794"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intravenous Lidocaine on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Two-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial","authors":"Ke-peng Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Dai ,&nbsp;Fu-rong Huang ,&nbsp;Hui-wei Deng ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Yun Liu ,&nbsp;Yong Chen ,&nbsp;Lilong Mo ,&nbsp;Fangni Cao ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hua-jing Guo ,&nbsp;Xian-xue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery, enhancing perioperative cognitive function and facilitating expedited postoperative recovery are critical components for achieving swift rehabilitation. Intravenous administration of lidocaine has been shown to mitigate the perioperative inflammatory response in surgical patients; however, its influence on postoperative cognitive performance remains unassessed. Consequently, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of intravenous lidocaine on postoperative cognitive function in participants undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a prospective, randomized controlled trial at The First People’s Hospital of Changde City and Zhongshan People’s Hospital to assess the impact of intravenous lidocaine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal carcinoma. The primary endpoints of our investigation included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores measured preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively, as well as the incidence of POCD at the 7-day mark following surgery. Secondary outcomes comprised an evaluation of recovery parameters in the postanesthesia care unit, overall length of hospitalization, and the prevalence of postoperative complications in both study cohorts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The occurrence of POCD at day 7 postsurgery was significantly lower in the lidocaine group compared to the placebo group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). When stratified by age, both elderly patients (≥65 years) and nonelderly patients in the lidocaine group exhibited a significantly reduced incidence of POCD on the seventh day postoperatively compared to the placebo group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Preoperative MMSE scores were comparable between the two groups; however, on the seventh day after surgery, the lidocaine group had significantly higher MMSE scores than the placebo group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In the nonelderly cohort, MMSE scores were also significantly elevated in the lidocaine group compared to the placebo group at day 7 postsurgery (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Mediation analysis indicated that lidocaine’s influence on the incidence of POCD on the seventh postoperative day was partially mediated by propofol. Furthermore, there were no significant differences observed in intraoperative medication, postoperative recovery, or perioperative adverse events between the groups (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Perioperative administration of intravenous lidocaine has been shown to significantly enhance cognitive function on the seventh postoperative day following laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The mediating influence of propofol on the association between lidocaine and the occurrence of POCD at this time point was determined to be 10%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 100808"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors on Aminotransferases Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Gang Ma MD ,&nbsp;Song Zhang MD ,&nbsp;Baozhong Yu MD","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are highly prevalent diseases that constitute enormous public health problems. The efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in blood glucose control in T2DM patients with NAFLD has been established, but little is known about its effect on liver enzyme levels.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the influences of DPP-4 inhibitors on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in patients with T2DM and NAFLD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To identify the relevant studies, we searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Means differences in liver enzymes and metabolic outcomes were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model, with subgroup analyses by gender, age, area, follow-up duration, and type of DPP-4 inhibitor. Quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1323 patients from 16 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results of analysis of DPP-4 inhibitors showed that the mean difference was –6.19 (95% confidence interval [CI]: –9.45 to –2.92) for ALT and –5.17 (95% CI: –8.10 to –2.23) for AST; this effect was statistically significant from the placebo group which indicates the beneficial effect on liver enzymes. Subgroup analysis revealed that while there were no significant gender differences in enzyme reductions, individuals over 55 years old experienced more pronounced decreases in ALT. Notably, Asian studies showed significant reductions in liver enzymes, contrasting with the minor variations observed in Euramerican regions, and the effectiveness of DPP-4 inhibitors was particularly pronounced during shorter follow-up periods, with effects diminishing over time. Regarding secondary outcomes, there was a notable improvement in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, with a mean reduction, and in HbA1c levels, indicating improved glycemic control. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance levels also improved, reflecting better insulin sensitivity. Additionally, adverse event analysis confirmed that DPP-4 inhibitors were well-tolerated with a favorable safety profile.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DPP-4 inhibitors appear to enhance glycemic control and improve liver enzyme levels, suggesting a potentially effective therapeutic approach for managing T2DM/NAFLD and highlighting their broader metabolic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 100768"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11741081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Dietary Acid Load and Risk of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study","authors":"Fatemeh Babaee Kiadehi MSc ,&nbsp;Niayesh Naghshi MSc ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Farz MSc ,&nbsp;Pedram pam PhD ,&nbsp;Arash Tandorost MSc ,&nbsp;Alireza Ostadrahimi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Reza Eghdam Zamiri MD","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer affecting the colon and rectum, primarily originating from intestinal polyps. Recently, increasing attention has been given to the role of dietary acid-base balance in cancer development. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary acid load and the risk of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).</div></div><div><h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3><div>This hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 120 adults with mCRC and 240 non-neoplastic adults in the control group, matched for age and gender. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Net endogenous acid production (NEAP) and potential renal acid load (PRAL) were calculated using predetermined formulas. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to estimate the risk of mCRC across PRAL and NEAP tertiles.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, smoking, and alcohol consumption. However, energy intake and energy-adjusted carbohydrate, fiber, potassium, magnesium, and calcium intake were significantly higher in the control group compared to the case group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The mean PRAL in the case group (10.5 ± 1 mEq/day) was significantly higher than in the control group (5.2 ± 0.5 mEq/day) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between the groups regarding NEAP (35 ± 7 mEq/day in the control group vs. 36 ± 5.5 mEq/day in the case group, <em>P</em> = 0.12). The second and third tertiles of PRAL were associated with an increased risk of mCRC compared to the first tertile (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.6–7; OR = 4.1, 95% CI: 2–8.5, respectively) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Originality/value</h3><div>High PRAL levels were associated with an increased risk of mCRC, whereas NEAP scores were not linked to mCRC risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 100790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis Used in A University Clinics Hospital and Antibiotic Costs: A 3-year Survey","authors":"Vianney N. Ntabaza PhD ,&nbsp;Antonelle Pardo PhD ,&nbsp;Amandine Nachtergael PhD ,&nbsp;Julien Bamps MSc ,&nbsp;Salvius A. Bakari PhD ,&nbsp;Pierre Duez PhD ,&nbsp;Stephanie Patris PhD ,&nbsp;Byanga Kahumba PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) represent one of the most common post-operative complications and are the third most prevalent nosocomial infections.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to analyze the conditions of using antibiotics in surgery at the University Clinics of Lubumbashi.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study was conducted, collecting data from medical registers over a 3-year period, from 2017 to 2019. Parameters have been analyzed according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Shortcomings in registered data and the application of exclusion criteria allowed to include only 256 of the 977 retrospective procedures recorded during this period, with around 50% of the cases in 2019. A little more than half of them concerned men with a sex ratio of 1.28. Among these patients, 66% were aged between 16 and 40 years. Of these, 37.1% underwent visceral surgery. Over 38.7% of patients were hospitalized for more than 30 days, with 4.3% staying over 4 months. After the surgery, metronidazole 1.5 g, ceftriaxone 1 g and cefotaxime 1 g were the most used (89%) antibiotics followed by amoxicillin 1 g, all mainly parenterally. In 38,7% of cases, a series of other antibiotics were used in combination over a long period (7 days). A 32.8% rate of surgical site infection was recorded, with antibiotic-related costs of around 62,311 ± 30,417 CDF (31 ± 15 €). A comparison of the characteristics of patients with and without infections showed a significant influence of the sex and type of surgery. Men were 4.7 times more likely to develop a surgical site infection than women, and orthopedic surgery had a higher risk of infection than other surgeries.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These retrospective data suggest that the use of antibiotics before and after surgery at the University Clinics of Lubumbashi does not meet accepted standards (ECDC, NICE and WHO guidelines) and would not be efficient for their intended purpose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 100807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}