Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental最新文献

{"title":"Inhibitory effects of heat-killed lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus faecalis on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis","authors":"Tomoe Matsuo,&nbsp;Koji Nakao,&nbsp;Kosuke Hara","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>The effects of heat-killed <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> (<em>HkEf</em>), a lactic acid bacterium, on the growth of <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> were evaluated <em>in vitro</em> by measuring the viable cell count of <em>P. gingivalis</em> and gingipain activity.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p><em>HkEf</em> solution (1.63 or 163 mg/mL) was added to 1 mL <em>P. gingivalis</em> culture to generate a final <em>HkEf</em> concentration of 0.64 or 64 mg/mL. The cultures were incubated anaerobically. The number of viable <em>P. gingivalis</em> cells and gingipain activity were measured after incubation for 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The number of viable <em>P. gingivalis</em> cells was calculated by counting the number of colonies after culture. Gingipain activity was quantified by adding a chromogenic substrate to <em>P. gingivalis</em> culture medium and measuring the absorbance of the reaction solution with a plate reader. Mean ± SE was calculated for viable cell counts and gingipain activity, and Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to test for significant differences.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>The counts of viable <em>P. gingivalis</em> cells in the control group increased as incubation time progressed for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h; similar results were observed in the low-concentration <em>HkEf</em> group. In the high-concentration <em>HkEf</em> group, the increase in the viable cell count was significantly inhibited compared to that of the control group. Furthermore, gingipain activity in the low- and high-concentration <em>HkEf</em> groups was significantly inhibited over time compared to that of the control group. Although the pH of the culture solution tended to decrease in the high-concentration <em>HkEf</em> group, it was not considered to have affected the growth of <em>P. gingivalis</em>.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p><em>HkEf</em> exhibits inhibitory effects on the growth of <em>P. gingivalis</em> and gingipain activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X24000018/pdfft?md5=8daa219505edcced8e3b6aeddc07ecbb&pid=1-s2.0-S0011393X24000018-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139883993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity and Potential for Intraocular Inflammation of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Drugs","authors":"Hyeong Min Kim MD, MSc ,&nbsp;Se Joon Woo MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Concerns of intraocular inflammation associated with intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF drugs have been risen and the exact mechanism is not yet elucidated.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore the relationship between immunogenicity and intraocular inflammation in intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This review examines the immunogenicity of individual intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs and their potential link to intraocular inflammation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We suggest that the main cause of intraocular inflammation is the presence of pre-existing and treatment-induced antidrug antibodies, along with considerations related to the molecular structure, which includes the drug's format and size.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Researchers and clinicians involved in the advancement of new anti-VEGF drugs should take into consideration the factors related to intraocular inflammation that have been discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X24000122/pdfft?md5=726046823de302fc9e832324390aa5ae&pid=1-s2.0-S0011393X24000122-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140269179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Propolis Consumption on Body Composition and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and Aim</h3><p>Research on the effects of propolis consumption on body composition, and blood pressure (BP) has produced inconsistent results. This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was carried out to compile the data from the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on how propolis supplementation affects body composition, and BP level in adults.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>A systematic literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library, up to January 2024. The RCTs, evaluating the effects of propolis consumption on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass (FM), systolic BP (SBP), and diastolic BP (DBP), were included in the study. We used the random-effects model to establish the pooled effect size.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 22 RCTs involving 1082 participants were included in the study. Propolis supplementation demonstrated significant reductions in weight (weighted mean difference [WMD]: –0.37 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.63 to –0.12), and BMI (WMD: –0.11 kg/m²; 95% CI: –0.13 to –0.09). However, there were no significant effects on WC, WHR, FM, HC, SBP, and DBP levels. The dose-response analysis revealed a significant nonlinear relationship between propolis dosage and WC (<em>P</em> = 0.020). Moreover, the BMI (<em>P</em> = 0.047) and WC (<em>P</em> = 0.004) reduction trend continues until 8 weeks of intervention and then this impact plateaued.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Supplementation with propolis seems to be effective in reducing weight and BMI. However, it should be noted that the anti-obesity properties of propolis supplementation were small and may not reach clinical importance. Therefore, future well-designed studies with a large sample size are needed to investigate the effect of propolis on body composition and BP in adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X24000249/pdfft?md5=f64243c8d10c41c97fab3a3e81ffe7c2&pid=1-s2.0-S0011393X24000249-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis after Initiating Teriflunomide Treatment: A Challenging Case","authors":"Arsh Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush MD ,&nbsp;Armin Tajik MD ,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Habibi MD ,&nbsp;Nahid Abbasi Khoshsirat MD","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, during which vascular events, including atherosclerosis, are more common and progress faster. Teriflunomide (TFN) is an oral drug that studies have indicated has low side effects alongside high efficiency. In this article, a middle-aged woman with multiple sclerosis was introduced, whose medication was changed to TFN. Thirty-five days later, she presented with focal neurologic symptoms, and investigations reported a lacunar infarction. Having excluded potential causes of acute ischemic stroke, such as vascular and rheumatologic factors, the only identifiable factor was the introduction of a new medication. The process of conclusively attributing TFN as the causative agent requires further clarification in future studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X2400002X/pdfft?md5=5691a7209eda6840999a0100b284563f&pid=1-s2.0-S0011393X2400002X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139901310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory Effects of Modified Colostrum, Whey, and Their Combination With Other Natural Products: Effects on Natural Killer Cells","authors":"Xuesheng Han MS ,&nbsp;David Vollmer MS ,&nbsp;Xuefei Yan MS ,&nbsp;Yahong Zhang MS ,&nbsp;Mingfa Zang MPVM ,&nbsp;Chenfei Zhang MS ,&nbsp;Catherine M. Sherwin MS ,&nbsp;Elena Y. Enioutina MS","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Natural killer (NK) cells are important immune system effector cells providing innate defenses against intracellular infections, including viral infections, immune surveillance, and cancer immunoediting. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether modified ultra-filtrated colostrum (UC) and hydrolyzed whey (W) products or their combinations with other natural products with reported immunomodulatory properties will stimulate NK cell cytotoxic activity by activation of granzyme B and IFN-γ production.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The ability of study products to stimulate the cytotoxic activity of human-purified CD56⁺ NK cells and the production of granzyme B and IFN-γ by activated NK cells was evaluated in the cytotoxic assay.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All study products significantly increased NK-cell cytotoxic activity at an E: T ratio of 20:1. Treatment of cells with UC had a maximal cytotoxic effect at the minimal dose of 10 µg/ml, which exceeded the cytotoxic activity of IL-2. In contrast, the addition of egg yolk (CE) or CE + botanical blend (CEB) to UC resulted in a dose-dependent cytotoxic response with a maximal response at 1000 µg/ml. The maximal activity of blend products was comparable to UC activity. W exerted minimal stimulatory activity on NK cells. The magnitude of granzyme B and IFN-γ production was closely associated with the cytotoxic activity of NK cells stimulated with the study products.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>All study product<strong>s</strong> demonstrated stimulatory activity on NK cells, with UC having a maximal effect on NK cell cytotoxicity. The study products can be used as dietary supplements to support NK cell activity in healthy individuals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X24000201/pdfft?md5=8cc99933b16afdb66465d88000328ed5&pid=1-s2.0-S0011393X24000201-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141407776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clavulanic Acid-Mediated Increases in Anterior Cingulate Glutamate Levels are Associated With Decreased Cocaine Craving and Brain Network Functional Connectivity Changes","authors":"Joya Maser MS ,&nbsp;Mary F. Morrison MD ,&nbsp;Helene Philogene Khalid PhD ,&nbsp;Ronan Cunningham ,&nbsp;Daohai Yu PhD ,&nbsp;M. Ingre Walters MD ,&nbsp;Xiaoning Lu ,&nbsp;Nicolas R. Bolo PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There is an urgent need for pharmacological treatment for cocaine (COC) use disorder (CUD). Glutamatergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex is affected by addictive behaviors. Clavulanic acid (CLAV), a glutamate transporter GLT-1 (excitatory amino acid transporter) activator, is a clinical-stage medication that has potential for treating CUD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In a pilot study, nine participants with CUD received 500 mg CLAV with dose escalations to 750 mg and 1000 mg over 10 days. In 5 separate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sessions, brain anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glutamate level and resting state network (RSN) functional connectivity (FC) were assessed using MR spectroscopy and functional MRI. Craving was assessed at the same time points, between baseline (before CLAV), 6 days, and 10 days of CLAV. Independent component analysis with dual regression was used to identify RSN FC changes from baseline to Days 6 and 10. Relationships among glutamate, craving, and resting state FC values were analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants who achieved high ACC glutamate levels after CLAV treatment had robust decreases in COC craving (<em>r</em> = −0.90, <em>P</em> = 0.0009, <em>n</em> = 9). The salience network (SN) and executive control network (ECN) demonstrated an association between increased FC after CLAV treatment and low baseline ACC Glu levels (SN CLAV 750 mg, <em>r</em> = −0.82, <em>P</em> = 0.007) (ECN CLAV 1000 mg, <em>r</em> = −0.667, <em>P</em> = 0.050; <em>n</em> = 9).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Glutamate associated changes in craving and FC of the salience and executive control brain networks support CLAV as a potentially efficacious pharmacological treatment for CUD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X24000213/pdfft?md5=4685750f478041c034c5aa42607f85c6&pid=1-s2.0-S0011393X24000213-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141391074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Analgesic Drug Therapy for Postoperative Pain Management in Cardiovascular Surgery","authors":"Yue Yue MBBS ,&nbsp;Hongyan Ji MBBS ,&nbsp;Shizhong Wang PhD ,&nbsp;Huawei Cheng MBBS ,&nbsp;Rongmei Wang MSc ,&nbsp;Haijun Qu MSc ,&nbsp;Jing Li MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cardiovascular surgery is usually associated with higher degree of postoperative pain that influences a patient's physical recovery. Multiple clinical measures have been taken to avoid overuse of opioid agents for postoperative pain management, which led to the development of clinical pathways for analgesic drug treatment using a multimodal approach.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a multimodal postoperative analgesic drug pathway (ADP) for pain management following cardiovascular surgery.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective, controlled, nonrandomized study evaluated a postoperative ADP in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in a tertiary general hospital in Qingdao, China. Effectiveness and safety outcomes were compared before and after the implementation of the ADP. Outcome indicators included postoperative pain scores, consumption of opioids in analgesic pumps, and incidence of adverse events.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery from September to November 2021 before the implementation of the ADP (n = 193) and from September to November 2022 after the implementation of the ADP (n = 218) were enrolled. Pain scores were reduced on day 1, 3, and 5 after surgery and the reduction was most significant in mild pain (<em>P</em> &lt; .001). Opioids in analgesic pumps consumption was also significantly reduced and there was decreased incidence of adverse events such as nausea and vomiting (<em>P</em> = .026), respiratory inhibition (<em>P</em> = .027), and dizziness and headache (<em>P</em> = .028) in cardiovascular surgery patients after implementation of the ADP.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Improved effectiveness and safety were observed following the implementation of the ADP. Multimodal analgesic ADP methodology can be effectively used for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X24000146/pdfft?md5=eafbb289bca97d2baca3da608d5ff777&pid=1-s2.0-S0011393X24000146-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140268742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Magnesium Supplementation on Blood Pressure: An Umbrella Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><p>Conflicting results on the effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure have been published in previous meta-analyses; hence, we conducted this umbrella meta-analysis of RCTs to provide a more robust conclusion on its effects.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Four databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched to find pertinent papers published on international scientific from inception up to July 15, 2024. We utilized STATA version 17.0 to carry out all statistical analyses (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, US). The random effects model was used to calculate the overall effect size ES and CI.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Ten eligible review papers with 8610 participants studied the influence of magnesium on SBP and DBP. The pooling of their effect sizes resulted in a significant reduction of SBP (ES = -1.25 mmHg; 95% CI: -1.98, -0.51, <em>P</em> = 0.001) and DBP (ES = -1.40 mmHg; 95% CI: -2.04, -0.75, <em>P</em> = 0.000) by magnesium supplementation. In subgroup analysis, a significant reduction in SBP and DBP was observed in magnesium intervention with dosage ≥400 mg/day (ES for SBP = -6.38 mmHg; ES for DBP = -3.71mmHg), as well as in studies with a treatment duration of ≥12 weeks (ES for SBP = -0.42 mmHg; ES for DBP = -0.45 mmHg).</p></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><p>The findings of the present umbrella meta-analysis showed an overall decrease of SBP and DBP with magnesium supplementation, particularly at doses of ≥400 mg/day for ≥12 weeks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X24000250/pdfft?md5=a8b8a2dc668f12e5bef20f98052ac230&pid=1-s2.0-S0011393X24000250-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of Belimumab in Adult Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Evaluated Using Single Indexes: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","authors":"Chisato Yoshijima BSPharm ,&nbsp;Yosuke Suzuki PhD ,&nbsp;Ayako Oda BSPharm ,&nbsp;Ryota Tanaka PhD ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Ono BSPharm ,&nbsp;Hiroki Itoh PhD ,&nbsp;Keiko Ohno PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Belimumab is the first antibody drug approved for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and is a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits soluble B lymphocyte stimulator protein. In clinical trials, a composite index was used to assess efficacy of belimumab. However, clinical guidelines on SLE treatment currently use single efficacy indexes.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The main objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of belimumab utilizing single indexes used in routine clinical practice, rather than the composite efficacy index used in clinical trials during the development phase. As a secondary endpoint, safety was also evaluated.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Several databases were searched to identify reports published up to December 1, 2021 on randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of belimumab in adult patients with SLE. From the clinical trial data, efficacy was evaluated using single indexes including the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Index, and Physician Global Assessment. Safety was also assessed. Data were synthesized and analyzed using Review Manager 5.4. This study protocol was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (Registration number: UMIN000052846).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The search identified 12 reports that met the inclusion criteria. Five reports were included in efficacy evaluation and 9 in safety evaluation. The primary endpoint was SLEDAI. Significantly more belimumab-treated patients achieved a ≥4-point reduction in SLEDAI (relative risk 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.40; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.00001) compared with placebo. Other efficacy endpoints were also improved significantly in the belimumab group. No difference in safety was found between belimumab and placebo.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The present meta-analysis evaluating clinical trial data using various single indexes recommended by clinical guidelines for SLE verifies that addition of belimumab to standard of care is efficacious for moderate-to-severe SLE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X24000080/pdfft?md5=eb9bf6e5cf8f97a106df5ebcde529663&pid=1-s2.0-S0011393X24000080-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139967046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Low-Dose Glucagon on Subcutaneous Insulin Absorption in Pigs","authors":"Ingrid Anna Teigen M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Marte Kierulf Åm Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Misbah Riaz M.D. ,&nbsp;Sverre Christian Christiansen M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Sven Magnus Carlsen M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Slow insulin absorption prevents the development of a fully automated artificial pancreas with subcutaneous insulin delivery.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We have hypothesized that glucagon could be used as a vasodilator to accelerate insulin absorption in a bihormonal subcutaneous artificial pancreas. The present proof-of-concept study is the first study to investigate the pharmacokinetics of insulin after subcutaneous administration of a low dose of glucagon at the site of subcutaneous insulin injection.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twelve anesthetized pigs were randomized to receive a subcutaneous injection of 10 IU insulin aspart with either 100 µg glucagon or the equivalent volume of placebo (0.9% saline solution) injected at the same site. Arterial samples were collected for 180 minutes to determine insulin, glucagon, and glucose concentrations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Glucagon did not influence the insulin concentration T_max in plasma. The plasma insulin AUC_0–∞ was significantly larger after glucagon administration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). The glucagon group had significantly higher glucose concentrations in the first 30 minutes after insulin administration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This proof-of-concept study indicates that glucagon may increase the total absorption of a single dose of subcutaneously injected insulin. This is a novel observation. However, we did not observe any reduction in insulin concentration T_max, as we had hypothesized. Further, glucagon induced a significant, undesirable increase in early blood glucose concentrations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10920,"journal":{"name":"Current Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X24000067/pdfft?md5=c0b24e6ee8160e4af109627f08fc13fb&pid=1-s2.0-S0011393X24000067-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139879991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}