Current Opinion in Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Can we yet use tertiary lymphoid structures as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy response in melanoma?","authors":"Francine Padonou, Thila Vanhulst, Mireille D Langouo-Fontsa","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001015","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In this review, we explore the potential of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) as predictive biomarkers in the response to immunotherapy for melanoma patients.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The significance of TLS as indicators predicting immunotherapy response becomes particularly pronounced. Melanoma, renowned for its aggressive characteristics, has undergone revolutionary transformations in treatment through immunotherapeutic interventions. Investigations have unveiled a compelling correlation between the presence of TLS in the melanoma tumor microenvironment and favorable responses to immunotherapy. These responses, characterized by heightened survival rates and improved clinical outcomes, imply that TLS might be pivotal in tailoring more efficient and personalized treatments for individuals with melanoma. The ongoing discourse regarding TLS as a predictive biomarker underscores the need for a meticulous examination of its potential in guiding clinical decisions and optimizing therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>TLS show great promises as potential biomarkers to melanoma patient's outcomes in ICI treatment; however, more studies are needed to understand their mechanisms of actions and the long-term impact of their functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explore & actuate: the future of personalized medicine in oncology through emerging technologies.","authors":"Erald Babu, Subhojit Sen","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001016","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The future of medicine is aimed to equip the physician with tools to assess the individual health of the patient for the uniqueness of the disease that separates it from the rest. The integration of omics technologies into clinical practice, reviewed here, would open new avenues for addressing the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of cancer. The rising cancer burden patiently awaits the advent of such an approach to personalized medicine for routine clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>To weigh the translational potential, multiple technologies were categorized based on the extractable information from the different types of samples used, to the various omic-levels of molecular information that each technology has been able to advance over the last 2 years. This review uses a multifaceted classification that helps to assess translational potential in a meaningful way toward clinical adaptation.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The importance of distinguishing technologies based on the flow of information from exploration to actuation puts forth a framework that allows the clinicians to better adapt a chosen technology or use them in combination to enhance their goals toward personalized medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic dynamics of aging and cancer development: current concepts from studies mapping aging and cancer epigenomes.","authors":"Shilpa Bisht, Yiqing Mao, Hariharan Easwaran","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001020","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review emphasizes the role of epigenetic processes as incidental changes occurring during aging, which, in turn, promote the development of cancer.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Aging is a complex biological process associated with the progressive deterioration of normal physiological functions, making age a significant risk factor for various disorders, including cancer. The increasing longevity of the population has made cancer a global burden, as the risk of developing most cancers increases with age due to the cumulative effect of exposure to environmental carcinogens and DNA replication errors. The classical 'somatic mutation theory' of cancer cause is being challenged by the observation that multiple normal cells harbor cancer driver mutations without resulting in cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of age-associated epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, which occur across all cell types and tissues with advancing age. There is an increasing body of evidence linking these changes with cancer risk and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>A better understanding about the epigenetic changes acquired during aging is critical for comprehending the mechanisms leading to the age-associated increase in cancer and for developing novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"82-92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10939788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special populations in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Taylor Goodstein, Ilana Goldberg, Yusuf Acikgoz, Elshad Hasanov, Ramaprasad Srinivasan, Eric A Singer","doi":"10.1097/cco.0000000000001028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/cco.0000000000001028","url":null,"abstract":"This review focuses on special populations poorly represented in current evidence-based practice for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). This includes the elderly and frail, patients on immunosuppression or with autoimmune diseases, patients with brain, liver, and/or bone metastases, and RCC with sarcomatoid features.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential subtype-specific therapeutic approaches in small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Lilla Horvath, Christian Lang, Kristiina Boettiger, Clemens Aigner, Balazs Dome, Zsolt Megyesfalvi","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001005","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains one of the most aggressive thoracic malignancies with an especially dismal prognosis. While the detection of various targetable driver mutations and immune checkpoints have revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there has been only modest therapeutic innovation over the past decades in SCLC. In this review, we aim to provide a brief summary on the clinical relevance of recent research findings, which could soon pave the way towards a more personalized and targeted management of SCLC patients.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Substantial research on the biological and molecular heterogeneity of SCLC has been conducted in the last years. Recent results from comprehensive profiling studies have shown that unique major SCLC subtypes can be distinguished based on the relative expression of key transcription regulators (ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3) or distinct inflammatory features. Understanding the differing molecular characteristics of these distinct subtypes has resulted in the identification of specific therapeutic vulnerabilities.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The recently introduced molecular SCLC subtype classification represents a substantial progress towards a personalized and more efficacious approach in SCLC. The consequences of this paradigm shift provide hope for improved patient care and clinical outcomes in this exceptionally lethal thoracic malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49675392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathology and new insights in thyroid neoplasms in the 2022 WHO classification.","authors":"Laetitia Lebrun, Isabelle Salmon","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001012","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The assessment of thyroid nodules is a common clinical problem, linked to the high incidence of thyroid nodules in the population and the low incidence of aggressive thyroid carcinoma. The screening is therefore one of the strengths of our patient care. Recently, the 2023 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) and 2022 WHO classification of thyroid neoplasms have been released based on the definition of new entities and the growing impact of molecular testing. The aim of this review is to analyze how these upgrades can help us in the daily routine practice diagnosis of thyroid cancer.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Our review is focused on the most frequent thyroid tumors derived from thyroid follicular cell. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the gold standard for the screening of thyroid nodules with very high levels of sensitivity and specificity. These sensitivity and specificity are improved by molecular testing, which refines the risk of malignancy. The 2023 TBSRTC integrates molecular data and the upgrades integrated in the 2022 WHO classification such as the 'low-risk neoplasms' and the 'high-grade follicular-cells derived carcinoma'. The morphological examination remains crucial since the capsular and/or vascular invasion are key features of malignancy in the follicular thyroid neoplasms. Low-risk neoplasms represent a clinical challenge since no specific guidelines are available. Challenges remain regarding oncocytic thyroid lesions, which are not associated with specific diagnostic molecular biomarkers. Molecular testing can help not only in deciphering the prognosis but also in the targeted therapeutic strategy.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>While molecular testing has succeeded to substantially improve the pre and postoperative diagnosis and risk stratification of thyroid tumors, the morphological examination is still central in the daily routine diagnosis of thyroid pathology. Future is the integrated diagnosis of clinical, morphological, molecular and epigenetic features with the help of artificial intelligence algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10715705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136396766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there role of adjuvant radiotherapy after complete resection of locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer?","authors":"Liyang Jiang, Xiangjiao Meng","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001004","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to provide a timely and relevant overview of the role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in completely resected stage IIIA-N2 nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Given the controversy surrounding the use of PORT and the emergence of advanced radiation techniques and therapies, this review provides valuable insight into current and potential treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The Lung ART and PORT-C trials have provided valuable insights into the efficacy of PORT in stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC. While the results have been mixed, studies have shown that advanced radiation techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and proton therapy, can reduce cardiopulmonary toxicities associated with PORT. Molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies have also shown potential in improving NSCLC treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The role of radiotherapy becomes smaller and smaller in new era. However, it is too early to abolish radiotherapy for all the patients after complete resection of locally advanced NSCLC. Nowadays, it is recommended to adopt individualized treatment approaches guided by multidisciplinary team consultations. The integration of IMRT, proton therapy, and emerging therapies offers the potential to enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Further research is needed to optimize the use of PORT and explore the method to identify the patients who can really benefit from PORT.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49675390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoadjuvant therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in operable nonsmall cell lung cancer.","authors":"Rudolf M Huber","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001002","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In localized nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) systemic recurrences after surgery are common. Therefore, adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy is used. With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic disease the question is whether ICIs can further improve the outcome.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In several phase I/II trials, major pathological response (MPR) rates with several ICIs between 7% and 50% were seen. No major additional side effects occurred. In combination with chemotherapy CheckMate-816 randomized additional neoadjuvant nivolumab and achieved a high pathological complete response (pCR) rate and a better event-free survival (EFS) - without negatively influencing surgery. More randomized trials are performed with neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and adjuvant treatment after surgery. In Keynote-671, pembrolizumab is used pre and postoperatively with a significantly higher EFS rate at 2 years (62.4% vs. 40.6%). Similar preliminary results are reported in the AEGEAN (durvalumab) and Neotorch (toripalimab) trials. Higher tumour stage and MPR, partly programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumour mutational burden (TMB) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) are correlated with efficacy.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy improves MPR and EFS rates, especially in more advanced tumours and tumours expressing PD-L1 - without relevantly increasing toxicities. But further and longer evaluation is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49675391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2: towards a risk-based approach integrating molecular and biomarker results.","authors":"Andreas Machens, Henning Dralle","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001009","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Significant advances have transformed our understanding of the molecular biology and natural history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). This progress enacted a paradigm shift with regard to routine neck dissection for medullary thyroid cancer and total adrenalectomy for pheochromoytoma. The purpose of this review is to summarize key molecular and clinical data underpinning the current risk-based approach to MEN2 that integrates molecular and biomarker results.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Early identification and biochemical monitoring of rearranged during transfection ( RET ) carriers yield important lead time. Within these ' windows of opportunity ', total thyroidectomy alone, avoiding incremental morbidity from node dissection; ' tissue-sparing ' subtotal adrenalectomy, balancing risks of steroid dependency with pheochromocytoma recurrence in adrenal remnants; and parathyroidectomy of enlarged glands only, weighing risks of postoperative hypoparathyroidism against hyperactive parathyroid glands left behind, are adequate therapies.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>All that is needed to determine a RET carriers' risk of medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma and/or primary hyperparathyroidism in the molecular era is patient age, underlying RET mutation, and biomarker levels. As broader testing begins to penetrate healthcare, the needle on population genomic screening and education needs to be moved forward to complete the transition from symptom-based to preventive healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136396764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances in lung cancer.","authors":"Robert Pirker, Caicun Zhou","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001007","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":"36 1","pages":"22-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138799896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}