Current Opinion in Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Systemic therapy of nonsmall cell lung cancer: breakthroughs during the last five decades.","authors":"Robert Pirker, Caicun Zhou","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001201","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The purpose of this review is to summarize the breakthroughs in the systemic treatment of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) during the last five decades.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Chemotherapy was established in metastatic, locally advanced and early-stage NSCLC. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have become standard for palliative and adjuvant therapy in patients with driver mutation-positive NSCLC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors were established in operable, locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC. Antiemetics, hematopoietic growth factors, bisphosphonates and opioids improved palliative care.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Breakthroughs in the systemic therapy of NSCLC during the last five decades included chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors and better supportive care.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of lung cancer in pregnant women.","authors":"Martin Svaton","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001198","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Lung cancer in pregnancy is relatively rare, however, with increasing gestational age, its incidence is likely to increase. Many of the summary recommendations were developed before the advent of targeted therapies and immunotherapy, which represent a significant part of modern lung cancer treatment. The aim of this review is therefore to provide a current perspective on this issue.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In diagnostics, we are replacing PET/computed tomography with MRI. It is necessary to discuss with the patient sensitively whether to continue the pregnancy and if so, whether to choose treatment and what kind. Case reports are described about practically all treatment procedures generally known for lung cancer, but some of them cannot be recommended due to possible risks (bevacizumab, chest irradiation), other should be chosen with great caution (some targeted therapy, immunotherapy). Chemotherapy appears to be relatively safe outside the first trimester of pregnancy. The review also addresses general principles of neonatal delivery in these patients.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Lung cancer in pregnancy is highly stressful for both the pregnant woman and the treatment team. The benefits and risks of possible treatment options need to be openly discussed and a consensus reached between the patient and the treatment team.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145494994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibody-drug conjugates in lung cancer: current landscape and future perspectives.","authors":"Xinru Chen, Caicun Zhou","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001200","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a significant therapeutic class in lung cancer, integrating the target specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxic potency of chemotherapeutic agents. This review delineates ADC structure, mechanisms of action, and clinical advancements in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), with a focus on novel bispecific formats to address tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Multiple ADCs have demonstrated significant clinical activity in biomarker-defined patient subsets. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted ADC trastuzumab deruxtecan has demonstrated unprecedented efficacy in HER2 -mutant NSCLC, resulting in global regulatory approvals. Novel ADC targets such as TROP2, HER3, MET, CEACAM5, integrin β6, DLL3, B7-H3, and SEZ6 are undergoing clinical evaluation. Advancements in payload design, linker stability, and conjugation methodologies have enhanced therapeutic indices. Concurrently, bispecific ADCs are emerging to address challenges posed by intratumoral heterogeneity and antigen-loss-mediated resistance mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>ADCs are transforming lung cancer therapy by delivering potent cytotoxics with manageable safety. Next-generation bispecific and biparatopic formats may broaden eligibility, improve tumor penetration, and delay resistance. Incorporating predictive biomarkers and real-time monitoring will be key to their use in earlier disease and to establishing ADCs as a cornerstone of precision oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"71-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small cell lung cancer transdifferentiation: not a negligible phenomenon.","authors":"Lilla Horvath, Kristiina Boettiger, Zsolt Megyesfalvi, Balázs Döme, Clemens Aigner, Anita Horváth-Rózsás, Judit Berta","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001205","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), particularly its transdifferentiated form, is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis. The diagnosis of SCLC transdifferentiation is challenging, as repeat biopsies are often not clinically feasible and few noninvasive predictors of this neuroendocrine transformation have been identified to date.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Some retrospective studies and case reports have investigated this phenomenon. These studies indicate that it can occur in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, or rearranged during transfection (RET) fusions, typically following treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, it has also been observed in cases of EGFR-wild type NSCLC after immunotherapy or radiation therapy.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Several molecular mechanisms that can drive SCLC transdifferentiation have been identified. The treatment of transdifferentiated SCLC remains a significant challenge, although promising new strategies are currently under investigation. This review summarizes the current understanding of SCLC transdifferentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145563281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer.","authors":"Stefano Iuliano, Maria Mirabelli, Stefania Giuliano, Antonio Brunetti","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001202","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The global rise in obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is reshaping the epidemiology of thyroid disorders, particularly thyroid nodular disease and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). This review summarizes emerging evidence linking metabolic dysfunction to thyroid nodule growth and tumorigenesis.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Chronic hyperinsulinemia in IR states activates mitogenic pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and MAPK/ERK. These effects are amplified in thyrocytes overexpressing insulin receptor isoform A (INSR-A) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). Dysfunctional adipose tissue further increases risk through enhanced leptin signaling, reduced adiponectin-mediated AMPK activation, and persistent systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Environmental factors such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals and gut microbiota alterations add additional susceptibility. Clinical evidence supports these mechanistic links: patients with thyroid nodules consistently show higher HOMA-IR values, and large cohort studies identify MetS as an independent predictor of thyroid nodularity. Female-specific susceptibility appears to be mediated by estrogen receptor activity, adipokine profiles, and postmenopausal fat redistribution. Therapeutically, metformin shows promise via AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition, exerting both metabolic and antiproliferative effects, although randomized trials specific to thyroid cancer outcomes remain limited. Concerns about GLP-1 receptor agonists and thyroid safety are largely theoretical; current data suggest their established cardiometabolic benefits may outweigh potential risks.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Converging epidemiological, molecular, and translational evidence underscores the complex interplay between metabolic dysfunction and thyroid diseases. Integrating metabolic health into prevention, risk stratification, and treatment strategies will be essential for advancing precision management of thyroid nodules and DTC.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the usual - Atypical imaging presentation in lung cancer and implications for TNM-staging.","authors":"Daria Kifjak, Rebecca Mura, Svitlana Pochepnia, Nino Bogveradze, Aida Korajac, Benedikt H Heidinger, Ruxandra-Iulia Milos, Lucian Beer, Helmut Prosch","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001203","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review illustrates the spectrum of atypical computed tomography (CT) appearances of lung cancer and provides practical guidance for accurate diagnosis and staging.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>While most lung cancers show typical CT features, certain subtypes present atypically, mimicking benign conditions or other malignancies. These include pneumonic-type adenocarcinoma, multifocal adenocarcinoma with ground-glass/lepidic features, lung cancer with air lucency, and pulmonary carcinoid tumors. Pneumonic-type adenocarcinoma often resembles infectious pneumonia, requiring careful CT evaluation, and tissue sampling for confirmation. Multifocal ground-glass/lepidic adenocarcinomas, most commonly seen in female never-smokers, are indolent with low metastatic potential. Lung cancers with air lucency, appearing as cysts, cavitary, or bullous lesions, challenge volumetric assessment and may benefit from adapted TNM measurements excluding air-space components. Pulmonary carcinoid tumors show variable imaging features and require tailored staging and management based on their differentiation and spread.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Accurate recognition of atypical CT manifestations of lung cancer is critical to avoid misinterpretation and inappropriate management. Integrating imaging characteristics with histopathologic and, when applicable, molecular data ensures correct staging and guides personalized therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12700679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145488180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the art and future directions in the treatment of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma.","authors":"Rachel Galot, Jean-Pascal H Machiels","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001204","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) remains a therapeutic challenge with no approved systemic standard of care. This review highlights recent advances in ACC biology and emerging therapeutic strategies that may improve outcomes for patients with advanced disease.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent progress in understanding the molecular biology of ACC has led to the investigation of novel systemic therapies. Recent studies have focused on targeted agents and immuno-oncology approaches. VEGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as lenvatinib and axitinib, have shown encouraging disease control rates and are now considered standard options. Immunotherapy has demonstrated limited efficacy. New agents targeting oncogenic drivers, such as NOTCH1 mutations and epigenetic regulators like PRMT5, have demonstrated preliminary activity in early-phase clinical trials. Additional strategies, including B7-H4 targeted antibody-drug conjugates, MYB-directed vaccines and degraders, and MDM2 inhibitors for TP53 wild-type tumors, offer strong biological rationale for further development.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>While conventional chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors remain largely ineffective, advances in ACC biology have driven the development of mechanism-based treatments. Future trials should prioritize biomarker-guided patient selection, rational combinations, and integration of molecular diagnostics to improve outcomes in this indolent but ultimately fatal disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oligometastatic adrenocortical carcinoma: definition and treatment.","authors":"Marta Laganà, Alfredo Berruti, Salvatore Grisanti, Deborah Cosentini","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001209","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Oligometastatic adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) represents a distinct clinical subset of metastatic disease characterized by a limited tumor burden and potentially indolent biology. This review summarizes current evidence on its definition and management strategies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Although mitotane and EDP-M chemotherapy remain the backbone of systemic therapy for advanced ACC, increasing evidence supports integrating local treatments - such as surgery, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), image-guided thermal ablation (IGT), and transarterial embolization (TACE/TARE) - in selected patients. Retrospective studies suggest that individuals with ≤5 metastases or lesions <3 cm, often classified as stage IVa, achieve higher disease control rates and prolonged survival when local and systemic therapies are combined. Decision-making should consider patient fitness, tumor biology (Ki-67 index, time to recurrence), and prior treatments within a multidisciplinary framework.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>If a definition of oligometastatic ACC is required, a reasonable one would include stage IVa disease or up to five metastases <3 cm. Management should rely on a multidisciplinary approach in referral centers, integrating systemic and local therapies to optimize survival and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12700691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145602861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in lung cancer: from diagnosis to therapy.","authors":"Yongsheng Wang, Liyun Miao, Caicun Zhou","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001199","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review focuses on the current role of artificial intelligence (AI) in lung cancer screening, diagnosis and therapy. We also highlight its strengths in improving the accuracy and efficiency of these processes.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We evaluate AI's potential in lung cancer screening and prevention, which involves lung nodules detection and differentiation, risk classification and monitoring, and even combination with liquid biopsy in early detection. Additionally, AI's value in patients' selection and treatment planning during surgery, radiotherapy and systemic therapy has been demonstrated. Ultimately, AI's capability in predicting clinical outcomes and toxicities helps in making more informed decisions regarding treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Artificial intelligence demonstrates great potential in lung cancer management. Although there are limitations to AI and challenges remain, AI based interventions will play a key role in lung cancer management in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in global breast cancer control.","authors":"Dario Trapani, Shilpa S Murthy","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CCO.0000000000001163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To examine the persistent global disparities in breast cancer outcomes, focusing on inequities in access to essential therapeutics, diagnostics, and emerging innovations, while highlighting current policy actions and international initiatives addressing these gaps.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Although survival rates for breast cancer have improved in high-income countries, significant inequalities remain in low- and middle-income settings. Access to timely diagnosis, standard treatments, and novel therapeutics such as targeted agents and immunotherapies is uneven. Recent global initiatives, including the WHO Global Breast Cancer Initiative, aim to enhance early detection, standardize care pathways, and improve access to affordable, quality-assured treatments. Policy frameworks are increasingly addressing issues of availability, affordability, and infrastructure, yet implementation remains inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Bridging global breast cancer disparities demands coordinated action integrating health system strengthening, policy reform, and international collaboration. Equitable access to therapeutics and diagnostics must be prioritized to ensure that advancements in breast cancer care translate into improved outcomes worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":"37 6","pages":"529-533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}