Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases最新文献_第5页

Viral infections and inborn errors of immunity. 病毒感染和先天性免疫错误。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001021

Anne Ewing, Rebecca Pellett Madan

{"title":"Viral infections and inborn errors of immunity.","authors":"Anne Ewing, Rebecca Pellett Madan","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001021","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001021","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The purpose of this focused review is to discuss unusual presentations of viral infections in the context of specific inborn errors of immunity. We will discuss hyper immunoglobulin E (IgE) syndromes, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and X-linked agammaglobulinemia as examples of inborn errors of immunity associated with specific presentations of viral infection and disease.Recent findings: Advances in both genetic and viral diagnostics have broadened our understanding of viral pathogenesis in the setting of immune dysfunction and the variable phenotype of inborn errors of immunity. Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) deficiency is now recognized as an inborn error of immunity within the hyper IgE syndrome phenotype and is associated with unusually aggressive cutaneous disease caused by herpes simplex and other viruses. Studies of patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis have proven that rarely detected human papillomavirus subtypes may cause malignancy in the absence of adequate host defenses. Finally, patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia may remain at risk for severe and chronic viral infections, even as immune globulin supplementation reduces the risk of bacterial infection.Summary: Susceptibility to viral infections in patients with inborn errors of immunity is conferred by specific, molecular defects. Recurrent, severe, or otherwise unusual presentations of viral disease should prompt investigation for an underlying genetic defect.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140921726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate change and resilience for antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention. 气候变化与抗菌药物管理和感染预防的复原力。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001032

Shira R Abeles, Ahnika Kline, Pamela Lee

{"title":"Climate change and resilience for antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention.","authors":"Shira R Abeles, Ahnika Kline, Pamela Lee","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001032","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001032","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review covers recent research regarding the challenges posed by climate change within the areas of antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention, and ways to build resiliency in these fields.Recent findings: Infectious disease patterns are changing as microbes adapt to climate change and changing environmental factors. Capacity for testing and treating infectious diseases is challenged by newly emerging diseases, which exacerbate challenges to antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention.Antimicrobial resistance is accelerated due to environmental factors including air pollution, plastic pollution, and chemicals used in food systems, which are all impacted by climate change.Climate change places infection prevention practices at risk in many ways including from major weather events, increased risk of epidemics, and societal disruptions causing conditions that can overwhelm health systems. Researchers are building resilience by advancing rapid diagnostics and disease modeling, and identifying highly reliable versus low efficiency interventions.Summary: Climate change and associated major weather and socioeconomic events will place significant strain on healthcare facilities. Work being done to advance rapid diagnostics, build supply chain resilience, improve predictive disease modeling and surveillance, and identify high reliability versus low yield interventions will help build resiliency in antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention for escalating challenges due to climate change.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resource sustainability and challenges in the supply chain: implications for infection prevention. 供应链中的资源可持续性和挑战：对预防感染的影响。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001033

Preeti Mehrotra, Angel Desai

引用次数: 0

Viral diarrheas - newer advances in diagnosis and management. 病毒性腹泻--诊断和治疗的新进展。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000001053

J Gonzalo Acevedo-Rodriguez,Carmen A Contreras,Theresa J Ochoa

{"title":"Viral diarrheas - newer advances in diagnosis and management.","authors":"J Gonzalo Acevedo-Rodriguez,Carmen A Contreras,Theresa J Ochoa","doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000001053","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE OF REVIEWViruses are the most common etiological agents of diarrhea in children. Despite rotavirus vaccine introduction, rotavirus remains as the leading cause of death globally, followed by norovirus, which represents a diagnostic challenge. Here, we describe new advances in the diagnosis and management of viral diarrheas.RECENT FINDINGSAlthough immunoassays are widely used for their fast turnaround time and low cost, molecular techniques have become the most reliable diagnostic method due to their high sensitivity and capacity to analyze multiple pathogens in gastrointestinal panels. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification assays (LAMP and RPA) are promising techniques since they do not require sophisticated equipment and can be used as point-of-care testing. CRISPR/Cas nucleic acid detection systems are new diagnostic methods with great potential. Several recent published articles describe the role of human intestinal enteroids to characterize norovirus infection, to test new drugs, and for vaccine development. The interaction between the human gut microbiota and gastrointestinal viral infections has been extensively reviewed and offers some innovative mechanisms for therapeutic and preventive measures.SUMMARYAlthough important advances have been made, more research is needed to address remaining challenges and further improve diagnostic capabilities and better management strategies for this critical infectious disease.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142211884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Postexposure prophylaxis for occupational exposure to selected pathogens for healthcare personnel. 医护人员职业暴露于特定病原体的暴露后预防。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001029

Alison Han, David K Henderson

{"title":"Postexposure prophylaxis for occupational exposure to selected pathogens for healthcare personnel.","authors":"Alison Han, David K Henderson","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001029","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001029","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Timely postexposure prophylaxis is important after an occupational exposure. Here we review select organisms, exposure opportunities in the healthcare setting, and postexposure prophylaxis regimens.Recent findings: Needlestick injuries pose a risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens, such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. Risk mitigation strategies should be reexamined in light of newer vaccines and therapeutics. Increased vaccine hesitancy and vaccine denialisms may foster the re-emergence of some infections that have become extremely uncommon because of effective vaccines. With increasing occurrences of zoonotic infections and the ease of global spread as evidenced by COVID-19 and mpox, healthcare exposures must also consider risks related to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.Summary: Early recognition and reporting of occupational exposures to pathogens with available postexposure prophylaxis is key to mitigating the risk of transmission. Providers should be able to evaluate the exposure and associated risks to provide prompt and appropriate postexposure prophylaxis.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11213494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endemic viral infections in immunocompromised hosts: Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika. 免疫力低下人群中的地方性病毒感染：登革热、基孔肯雅病毒、寨卡病毒。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001026

Marcia Garnica, Jessica Fernandes Ramos, Clarisse Martins Machado

{"title":"Endemic viral infections in immunocompromised hosts: Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika.","authors":"Marcia Garnica, Jessica Fernandes Ramos, Clarisse Martins Machado","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001026","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001026","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Arbovirus infections are a challenge for immunocompromised hosts who travel to or live in endemic regions or who receive organs or tissues from donors who travel or live in such areas. This review addresses Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV) infections in hematological patients, hematopoietic cell or solid organ transplant recipients, and people with HIV (PWH).Recent findings: Transmission is mainly due through Aedes mosquito bite. DENV and ZIKV may also be transmitted through blood, tissues or donor grafts. Clinical manifestations are quite similar and diagnosis requires laboratory confirmation to provide appropriate management. The best diagnostic method is PCR since serology may present false negative results in immunocompromised patients, or cross-reactivity as in the case of DENV and ZIKV. There is no specific treatment for any of these infections.Summary: Educational and preventive measures are the best strategy: vector control, knowledge of the vector's habits, protection against mosquito bites, avoiding travel to endemic areas or with a current epidemic, and avoiding nonvector transmission according to local recommendations for donor deferral. Vaccination, currently only available for DENV, has not yet been studied in immunocompromised patients and is not currently recommended.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating the future: machine learning's role in revolutionizing antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control. 领航未来：机器学习在抗菌药物管理和感染预防与控制革命中的作用。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001028

John J Hanna, Richard J Medford

{"title":"Navigating the future: machine learning's role in revolutionizing antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control.","authors":"John J Hanna, Richard J Medford","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001028","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001028","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review examines the current state and future prospects of machine learning (ML) in infection prevention and control (IPC) and antimicrobial stewardship (ASP), highlighting its potential to transform healthcare practices by enhancing the precision, efficiency, and effectiveness of interventions against infections and antimicrobial resistance.Recent findings: ML has shown promise in improving surveillance and detection of infections, predicting infection risk, and optimizing antimicrobial use through the development of predictive analytics, natural language processing, and personalized medicine approaches. However, challenges remain, including issues related to data quality, model interpretability, ethical considerations, and integration into clinical workflows.Summary: Despite these challenges, the future of ML in IPC and ASP is promising, with interdisciplinary collaboration identified as a key factor in overcoming existing barriers. ML's role in advancing personalized medicine, real-time disease monitoring, and effective IPC and ASP strategies signifies a pivotal shift towards safer, more efficient healthcare environments and improved patient care in the face of global antimicrobial resistance challenges.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reexploring cytomegalovirus serology in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. 重新探讨异基因造血细胞移植中的巨细胞病毒血清学。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001025

Léna Royston, Dionysios Neofytos

引用次数: 0

Update and approach to patients with brain abscess. 脑脓肿患者的最新情况和治疗方法。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001014

Lars Haukali Omland, Henrik Nielsen, Jacob Bodilsen

{"title":"Update and approach to patients with brain abscess.","authors":"Lars Haukali Omland, Henrik Nielsen, Jacob Bodilsen","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001014","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001014","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The epidemiology of brain abscess has changed in recent decades. Moreover, acute and long-term management remains challenging with high risks of mortality and neurological sequelae. This review describes recent advances in epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of brain abscess.Recent findings: The incidence of brain abscess is increasing, especially among elderly individuals. Important predisposing conditions include dental and ear-nose-throat infections, immuno-compromise, and previous neurosurgery. Molecular-based diagnostics have improved our understanding of the involved microorganisms and oral cavity bacteria including anaerobes are the predominant pathogens. The diagnosis relies upon a combination of magnetic resonance imaging, neurosurgical aspiration or excision, and careful microbiological examinations. Local source control by aspiration or excision of brain abscess combined with long-term antimicrobials are cornerstones of treatment. Long-term management remains important and should address neurological deficits including epilepsy, timely diagnosis and management of comorbidities, and potential affective disorders.Summary: A multidisciplinary approach to acute and long-term management of brain abscess remains crucial and source control of brain abscess by neurosurgery should be pursued whenever possible. Numerous aspects regarding diagnosis and treatment need clarification. Nonetheless, our understanding of this complicated infection is rapidly evolving.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140317871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infectious mononucleosis: new concepts in clinical presentation, epidemiology, and host response. 传染性单核细胞增多症：临床表现、流行病学和宿主反应的新概念。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001012

Patrick Naughton, Frances Enright, Brigid Lucey

{"title":"Infectious mononucleosis: new concepts in clinical presentation, epidemiology, and host response.","authors":"Patrick Naughton, Frances Enright, Brigid Lucey","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001012","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001012","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is an infectious disease that presents clinically in only a small percentage of individuals despite almost universal infection with the causative agent. Here, we review the latest concepts in the clinical presentation, epidemiology, and host response of this disease.Recent findings: Several recently published papers/reviews describe IM as a condition caused by one of several etiologic agents including, cytomegalovirus (HHV-5), Roseola virus (HHV-6) and Toxoplasmosis amongst others; this review focuses on IM as solely caused by the human herpes virus 4 (HHV-4). Since the initial discovery of the virus in the 1960s and its subsequent discovery as the primary etiologic agent for IM it has been associated with several human cancers and autoimmune disorders. Recent published findings show a correlation between HHV-4 and the autoimmune disorder, multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting earlier IM could possibly act as a causative factor. Considering the important links being made with IM to so many cancers and autoimmune disorders it is surprising that a standard investigative procedure has yet to be determined for this disease. A standard approach to the investigation of IM would ensure more cases are diagnosed, particularly atypical cases, this would benefit epidemiological studies, and more immediately help practitioners distinguish viral from bacterial throat infections, enabling them to treat accordingly.Summary: The understanding of the latest concepts in clinical presentation, epidemiology and host response to IM would benefit greatly from the introduction of a standard procedure for its investigation and diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140287099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0